Materical Cluster -Assignment 1

8/12/2019 Materical Cluster -Assignment 1

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Narayanbhai Desai3/27, Collier Ave,Balcatta, WA 6021

Student ID: 1014935

Material Cluster Assignment 1

Q.1 List the 3 state of atter, !ith the characteristics that a"e the#iffere$t.

A$s. %here are ai$l& 3 states of atter soli#, li'(i# a$# )aseo(s.

*oli#+ *oli# atter has a #efi$ite shae a$# occ(&i$) a fi-e# saceor vol(e.

Li'(i#+ Li'(i# atter #oes $ot have a secific shae. t flo!s. t ta"esthe shae of a vessel i$ !hich it co$tai$e#.

aseo(s+ atter i$ the )aseo(s for #iff(ses i$ the air. t #oes $othave a secific shae. t ta"es the shae of the vessel i$ !hich itco$tai$e#.

Q.2 Briefl& e-lai$ the ters+a. Cr&stalli$e. Aorho(s

A$s.a. Cr&stalli$e+ Cr&stalli$e is a t&e of str(ct(re i$ !hich atoic

articles are ac"e# closel& i$ a or#ere# three #ie$sio$al$et!or". %hese o$#s hol# the atoic str(ct(re to)ether i$atter$ !hich is reeate# thro()ho(t the soli#. %he& ca$ e

ro"e$ #o!$ to i$#ivi#(al cr&stals or )rai$s.

. Aorho(s+ Aorho(s is t&e of str(ct(re i$ !hich atoicarticles are ac"e# closel& (t the& #o$t have a reetitivethree #ie$sio$al str(ct(re. %he& are $ot cr&stalli$e i$$at(re.


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Q.3 -lai$ ho! the states of a s(sta$ce ca$ e cha$)es as itteerat(re cha$)es

A$s. Whe$ever !e i$crease the teerat(re of the s(sta$ce, theo$#i$) of its atoic article also cha$)es. or e-ale i$ soli# stateatoic articles are ac"e# closel&, !he$ !e i$crease theteerat(re, after certai$ liits the o$#i$) of atoic articlesrea"s a$# atoic article ecoe oile th(s soli# s(sta$ceecoe li'(i# s(sta$ce. f !e i$crease the teerat(re of li'(i#s(sta$ce f(rther, atoic articles ecoe ore oile i$ $at(rea$# li'(i# s(sta$ce ecoe )aseo(s s(sta$ce.

Q.4 Classif& the follo!i$) coo$ e$)i$eeri$) aterials accor#i$) to theirstate at roo teerat(re.Cast iro$, L(ricati$) oil, ol&vi$&l chlori#e, Acet&le$e, (er

A$s.a. Cast iro$+ *oli#. L(ricati$) oil+ Li'(i#c. ol&vi$&l Chlori#e+ *oli##. Acet&le$e+ aseo(se. (er+ *oli#

Q.5 Briefl& e-lai$ the #iffere$ces et!ee$ elee$ts, coo($# a$#i-t(re a$# )ive a$ e-ale of each.

A$s. a. lee$t+ A$ elee$t is a (re s(sta$ce. %he& ca$$ot e ro"e$#o!$ cheicall& i$ to siler s(sta$ce. oo# e-ale of elee$t isol#.

. Coo($#s+ Coo($#s is fore# !he$ t!o or ore #iffere$telee$t coi$e to)ether cheicall& i$ fi-e# roortio$ & !ei)ht.%he roert& of that coo($# is totall& #iffere$t fro the roertiesof elee$t fro !hich it is fore#. A$ e-ale of coo($# is !ater

82:. Water is fore# !he$ hro)e$ 82: a$# o-&)e$ 2: coi$eto)ether.

c. i-t(re+ A i-t(re is fore# !he$ t!o or ore elee$t orcoo($#s are echa$icall& i-e# to)ether i$ a$& roortio$. $i-t(re there is $o cheical reactio$ or o$# et!ee$ the


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coo$e$ts of the i-t(re. A$ e-ale of i-t(re is salt& !ater; it isi-t(re of salt 22 ").

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a. What is the !or# (se# for a ro!D. What is the !or# (se# for a col($Dc. 8o! a$& elee$ts are fo($# i$ $at(reD#. Which is the li)htest elee$tD

A$s.a. erio#s is the !or# (se# for a ro! i$ erio#ic tales. %here are 7

erio#s i$ erio#ic tales.. ro(s is the !or# (se# for a col($ i$ erio#ic tales. %here

are = )ro(s i$ erio#ic tales.c. %here are 92 elee$t are fo($#s i$ $at(re.#. 8ro)e$ is the li)htest elee$ts.

Q.11 What characteristic #o elee$ts !ith = o(ter>orit electro$s shareD

A$s.

Q.12 Briefl& #escrie ho! io$ic o$#i$) occ(rs. ive a$ e-ale toill(strate &o(r a$s!er.

A$s. Whe$ t!o or ore atos )ai$ or lose electro$s to coi$e eachother to colete o(ter shells, this o$#i$) is "$o!$ as io$ic o$#.or e-ale, Chlori$e Cl: has a total 17 electro$. 2 i$ its first shell, =i$ 2$#shell a$# 7 i$ 3r#shell. t $ee#s 1 electro$ i$ 3r#shell to a"e itcolete shell. $ the sae !a& *o#i(


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atos of hro)e$ share 2 electro$ of each fro o(ter shell itcoletes o(ter shell of caro$ C: !ith = electro$s. %h(s it a"esC84E etha$e.

Q.14 Briefl& #escrie ho! etallic o$#i$) occ(rs. ive a$ e-ale toill(strate &o(r a$s!er.

A$s. %he etallic o$# is #iffere$t fro io$ic a$# covale$t o$#. $etallic o$# ato share the o(ter ost vale$ce electro$ !ith t!o orore atos. *o !he$ this o$# occ(rs electro$ ecoe #elocali?e#ea$s it ecoes free to for a $e)ativel& char)e# electro$ clo(#aro($# the ositivel& char)e# etallic io$s.

Q.15 Coare io$ic, covale$t a$# etallic o$#i$) i$ ters of electricalco$#(ctivit& of the aterials.

A$s. Ionic Bond+ o$ic o$# has a i$#i$) force fro electrostaticattractio$ of io$s of oosite char)e. *o !he$ coo($# is soli#,the& atos are hel# to)ether ti)htl& so the& ca$$ot ass electricit&,thats !h& the& (se# as i$s(lators. B(t !he$ coo($# is i$ li'(i#for, io$s a$# electro$ ecoe free to ove, so the& ecoeco$#(ctors of electricit&.

Covalent Bond+ Covale$t o$# has a i$#i$) force fro the shari$)of electro$ airs. *o the& are the $o$>co$#(ctors of electricit&.

Metallic Bond+ etallic o$# has a i$#i$) force fro the attractio$et!ee$ ositive io$s a$# free electro$s. $ this o$# electro$ arefree so it is )oo# co$#(ctors of electricit&.

Q.16 What are va$ #er Waals forcesD

A$s. %he force et!ee$ the $ole )as atos !hich is ver& sall is "$o!$as @a$ #er Waals force. %his o$# occ(rs et!ee$ the $ole )asatos !hose o(ter shell co$tai$s = electro$s !hich is effectivel& f(ll.

Q.17 $ e$)i$eeri$), etals ca$ e #ivi#e# i$ to 2 classes.a. What are the&D. What is the aFor #iffere$ce et!ee$ theD


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c. List 2 e-ale of each.

A$s. $ $)i$eeri$), etals ca$ e #ivi#e# i$to follo!i$) t!o classes.a. erro(s a$# ferro(s. erro(s etals+ erro(s etals are coose# ri$ciall& of iro$.

ferro(s etals+ ferro(s etals are coose# ri$ciall&of elee$ts other tha$ iro$.

c. -ale of erro(s etals are caro$ steel, Allo& steel a$#e-ale of $o$>ferro(s etals are coer, $ic"el.

Q.1= Wh& is iro$ rarel& (se# i$ its (re forD

A$s. ro$ i$ its (re for is $orall& soft a$# alleale eca(se the& arecoose# of F(st o$e "i$# of ato.

Q.19 What is steelD

A$s. *teels are allo&s of iro$ !ith ( to 2G caro$ i$ it.

Q.20 $ a etal, !hat are )rai$ o($#ariesD

A$s. ost etals cr&stalli?e as a$ a))loeratio$ of $(ero(s sallcr&stals, each orie$te# i$ #iffere$t #irectio$ a$# each searate# frothe other & a s(rface, this are the )rai$ o($#aries i$ etals.

Q.21 What is ol&erD

A$s. ol&ers are the coositio$ of a$& lo$) chai$ olec(les.

Q.22


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. ol&eth&le$e+ ol&eth&le$e is a t&ical ol&er !hich is ro#(ce#& ol&eri?atio$ of a$& eth&le$e olec(les to for a lo$)chai$ olec(le, i$ !hich the i$#ivi#(al atos are hel# to)ether &covale$t o$#s so that each ato shares its electro$s !itha#Face$t atos.

Q.23 List 3 roerties that characteri?e ceraic aterials.

A$s. Ceraics (s(all& have a ver& ri)i# io$ic/covale$t o$#. %he& are ver&har# a$# rittle. %he& are cheicall& ($reactive. Ceraics are )oo#electrical i$s(lators.

Q.24 ive a$ e-ale of a coosite aterial a$# (se it to e-lai$ !h&coosites are val(ale e$)i$eeri$) aterials.

A$s. ier rei$force# lastic is the est e-ale of coosite aterial.lass is stro$) (t it fract(re# '(ic"l& !he$ the teerat(re israise#. *o $o! a #a&s fier)lass lastics are (tili?e# i$ ari$e,a(tooile a$# aircraft alicatio$ !here its li)ht$ess, stre$)th a$#corrosio$ resista$ce roerties are iorta$t. iers of asestos,)rahite a$# oro$ have ee$ (se# as rei$forcee$t aterial i$lastic eca(se of the irove# teerat(re resista$ce a$# )reaterstre$)th a$# stiff$ess over )lass.

For each of the following uestions select the statement that mostaccurately answers the uestion and circle its !refi" letter#

Q.25 %heral co$#(ctivit& of a aterial is a eas(re of the+

A$s. #. Hiffere$ce i$ teerat(re et!ee$ its e$#s !he$ o$e e$# isheate#

Q.26 %he ao($t & !hich a aterial !ill e-a$# !he$ it is heate# is

roortio$al to+

A$s. c. $crease i$ teerat(re a$# its ori)i$al le$)th.

Q.27 %he electrical co$#(ctivit& of a etal is+


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A$s. #. Hecrease# & the rese$ce of i(rities a$# allo&i$) elee$ts,i$crease# teerat(re, a$# col# !or"i$)

Q.2= %he * ($it (se# to eas(re electrical resistivit& is+

A$s. . h eter I:

Q.29 a)$etic h&steresis is the characteristic of a aterial & !hich it+

A$s. #. Loses its a)$etic roerties !he$ heate# e&o$# a certai$teerat(re

Q.30 aterial that '(ic"l& loses its a)$etis !he$ a$ alie# fiel# isreove# is sai# to e+

A$s. a. a soft a)$et

Q.31 %he #e$sit& of aterial is eas(re as+

A$s. . ass/vol(e

Q.32 A aterial that tra$sits o$l& a ortio$ of i$ci#e$t li)ht is calle#+

A$s. #. %ra$sl(ce$t

Q.33 %he refractive i$#e- of aterial is a eas(re of+

A$s. c. 8o! (ch it e$#s i$ci#e$t li)ht

Q.34 lectrical co$#(ctivit& of etals is e-resse# as erce$ta)e of AC*,!hich ea$s+

A$s. B. $ter$atio$al A$$eale# Coer *ta$#ar#

Q.35 List the five !a&s that force ca$ e alie# to a aterial. Jse#ia)ras to sho! ho! the forces alie#.

A$s.


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Q.36 Hefi$e stress a$# state the * ($it (se# i$ its eas(ree$t.

A$s. *tress+ *tress #eveloe# i$ the art !he$ a artic(lar force alie#o$ art. *tress is force er ($it area (o$ !hich it acts.

ascal is the * ($it (se to eas(re stress.

Q.37 Hefi$e elasticit&

A$s. lasticit&+ lasticit& is the ailit& of a aterial & !hich it te$#s toret(r$ to its ori)i$al shae !he$ alie# forces release#.

Q.3= Hefi$e #(ctilit& a$# )ive a$ e-ale of a #(ctile aterial.

A$s. H(ctilit&+ H(ctilit& is the roert& of aterial !hich e$ales it to #ra!$o(t to certai$ liit efore r(t(re a$# at the sae tie to s(stai$ a$areciale loa#.

or e-ale, coer has the #(ctile roert& !hich e$ales it to#ra!$ o(t to a"e coer !ire fro it.

Q.39 What is to()h$ess a$# ho! ca$ it e eas(re#D

A$s. %o()h$ess is a eas(re of the ao($t of e$er)& re'(ire# to ca(sefail(re of aterial. t ca$ e eas(re# & #iffere$t t&es of $otche#ar iact tests s(ch as ?o# test a$# Char& test.

Q.40 Hefi$e fati)(e stre$)th.

A$s. ati)(e *tre$)th+ ati)(e stre$)th is #efi$e# as the a-i( stresselo! !hich a aterial a& e$#(re a$ i$fi$ite $(er of stressc&cles.

Q.41 List the rocess & !hich ol&ers ($#er)o cheical attac".

A$s. ol&ers ($#er)o cheical attac" i$ the follo!i$) rocess.


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a. *!elli$) or #istortio$. &rol&sisc. *cissio$#. -i#atio$

Q.42 -lai$ the ea$i$) of the terpyrolysis!ith resect to #e)ra#atio$of ol&ers.

A$s. &rol&sis is the rocess ol&er #e)ra#atio$ i$ !hich it ca(ses a lossof lastici?er fro the ol&er. $ &rol&sis @C lose its lastici?er &evaoratio$ !he$ e-ose# to heat a$# fails & crac"i$) a$#ecoi$) oa'(e.

Q.43 -lai$ ho! o-i#atio$ ca(ses #e)ra#atio$ of the roerties of r(er.

A$s. -i#atio$ is the rocess i$ !hich r(er olec(les cross li$"e# !itho-&)e$ atos. (ers olec(les are cross li$"i$) !ith s(lh(r; thisro#(ces the elastic roerties i$ the r(er. Whe$ a##itio$al crossli$"i$) !ith o-&)e$ occ(rs, the r(er loses (ch of its elasticit& soecoes har# a$# starts to crac".

Q.44 List the 3 co$#itio$s $ecessar& for corrosio$ of etal to occ(r.

A$s. Belo! is the 3 co$#itio$s $ecessar& for corrosio$ of etal to occ(r.

a. rese$ce of electrol&tes. oratio$ of a$o#e a$# catho#ec. Cheical reactio$ at oth a$o#e a$# catho#e

Materical Cluster -Assignment 1

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