Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials Science and EngineeringWhere Are We Going?Where Are We Going?

W. Lance Haworth, Acting Director, DMR

University Materials Council MeetingWashington, DC

14 May 2007

OutlineOutline

• NSF perspective – DMR NSF perspective – DMR primerprimer

• Challenges for DMR and Challenges for DMR and the materials communitythe materials community

• One very specific One very specific challenge for UMCchallenge for UMC

Merit Review CriteriaMerit Review Criteria

• Intellectual Merit– What projects are most likely to produce new knowledge?

• Broader Impacts– Education, people, benefit to society, infrastructure,

dissemination, impact on science and engineering…

– See the DMR Dear Colleague Letter at www.nsf.gov/materials

NSF invests in the best ideas from the most capable NSF invests in the best ideas from the most capable people, determined by competitivepeople, determined by competitive

merit reviewmerit review

NSB 2020 Vision for NSF (2005)NSB 2020 Vision for NSF (2005)

“The National Science Foundation ensures that the Nation maintains a position of eminence in global science, technology, and knowledge development through leadership in transformational leadership in transformational research and excellence in research and excellence in science educationscience education, thus driving economic vitality, an improved quality of life, and national security.”

Can we understand and apply the physics of condensed matter?

Can we understand and control processing/structure/properties relationships in engineering materials?

How can we understand and exploit the nano-world?

Can we create new materials for science and technology?

We seek a fundamental understanding of materials and

condensed matter

How can we explore and develop the frontier between materials and biology?

“TRANSFORMATIVE MATERIALS”

• Individual Investigators and GroupsCondensed Matter and Materials Theory, Condensed Matter PhysicsSolid State Chemistry, Polymers, BiomaterialsMetals, Ceramics, Electronic/Optical Materials

• Cross-cutting ProgramsCenters, Institutes & PartnershipsUser Facilities and InstrumentationOffice of Special Programs (International Collaboration; Education)

• Distributed Mechanisms Focused Research GroupsNSF-wide programs – REU/RET, CAREER, GOALI, MRI, etcDMR is a major partner in NSF-NANO

• Connections & Co-funding

Division of Materials ResearchFocus for Diverse Communities and Funding Modes

NSF support for materials research is not limited to DMR

Directorate for Mathematical & Directorate for Mathematical & Physical SciencesPhysical Sciences

Funding History, 1997-2008*Funding History, 1997-2008*

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08

AST CHE DMR DMS PHY OMA

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

DMR Proposal Pressure & Success DMR Proposal Pressure & Success Rates (Research Grants)Rates (Research Grants)

Proposals Success Rate

• Many strong proposals declined essentially for lack of funds

• Does this inhibit “risk”?

• Grant sizes not keeping pace with ‘scientific’ inflation

• Success rates vary but NSF-wide average is no better

44%

26%

24%

4% 2%

IIAs/GroupsCentersNAFIOtherITR

DMR Program BalanceDMR Program Balance

FY 2006 $252.2M

(includes MRI)

About 2000 faculty members, 600 postdocs,2500 grad students and 1500 undergraduates

“on budget”

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

96 060298 00 04

DMR Funding History, DMR Funding History, 1996-20061996-2006$242.6M in FY06

IMR, ITR and “other” included in total

ACI

• EmphasesEmphases

• Tie fundamental discoveries to Tie fundamental discoveries to marketable technologiesmarketable technologies

• Facilities and instrumentationFacilities and instrumentation

• World class science and engineering World class science and engineering workforceworkforce

• Focus on Phys Sci & EngineeringFocus on Phys Sci & Engineering

• Doubles NSF, DOE-OS, NIST over 10 Doubles NSF, DOE-OS, NIST over 10 yearsyears

Everything DMR supports is relevant to American competitiveness!

Science, 11 May 2007Science, 11 May 2007

MPS by DivisionMPS by Division

FY 2005 Actuals

FY 2006 Actuals

Change from

05 to 06FY 2007 Request

Change from

06 to 07FY 2008 Request

Change from

07 to 08AST 195.11 $199.75 2.4% $215.11 7.7% $232.97 8.3%CHE 179.26 180.70 0.8% 191.10 5.8% 210.54 10.2%DMR 240.09 242.59 1.0% 257.45 6.1% 282.59 9.8%DMS 200.24 199.52 -0.4% 205.74 3.1% 223.47 8.6%PHY 224.86 234.15 4.1% 248.50 6.1% 269.06 8.3%OMA 29.80 29.9 0.3% 32.40 8.4% 34.37 6.1%Total, MPS 1,069.36 1,086.61 1.6% 1,150.30 5.9% 1253.00 8.9%

R&RA 4234.82 4449.25 5.1% 4,765.95 7.1% 5,131.69 7.7%

NSF 5480.78 5645.79 3.0% 6,020.21 6.6% 6429.00 6.8%

Some New DMR ActivitiesSome New DMR Activities

• Biomaterials Program• Partnerships for Research and Education in

Materials (PREM)• Materials World Network• Mid-scale Instrumentation

Management Challenges for DMRManagement Challenges for DMR

• Success rates and grant sizesSuccess rates and grant sizes• We MUST broaden participation in materials researchWe MUST broaden participation in materials research• Support for young facultySupport for young faculty• Balance among funding modesBalance among funding modes• ““TransformativeTransformative”” research research• Instrumentation and facilitiesInstrumentation and facilities

• Bench-scale, mid-scale, and large scaleBench-scale, mid-scale, and large scale• Light source panelLight source panel

• Collaborative research on complex problemsCollaborative research on complex problems• Centers, groups, networksCenters, groups, networks

• Cooperation: across NSF, interagency, Cooperation: across NSF, interagency, internationallyinternationally• ACI is our huge opportunityACI is our huge opportunity

Materials World Network NSF 06-590

Since 2001 ~800 NSF proposals, 130 awards, $50.2M

International Materials Institutes are developing partnerships that include Asia and Africa…

“A globally engaged workforce”

Map shows partnership-funded collaborations in 2006

Read the report and post comments at

www.mcc.uiuc.edu/nsf/ciw_2006/

Cyber-enabled Discovery and InnovationItIt’’s a 2-way streets a 2-way street:: “Materials enable CI” and

“CI will have an enormous impact on the way we do research”

Simon Billinge, Michigan St

Ernest Fuentes, Cornell/CHESS

Mark Novotny, Mississippi St

Krishna Rajan, Iowa St

Bruce Robinson, U Washington

Fred Sachs, SUNY-Buffalo

Susan Sinnott, U Florida

Horst Henning Winter, U Mass

The National Science Foundation must support the most innovative and potentially transformative research – research that has the capacity to revolutionize existing fields,

create new subfields, cause paradigm shifts, support discovery, and lead to

radically new technologies… The Foundation must create an environment that

is more open to and encourages transformative research proposals from the

research community.

National Science Board, 2020 Vision for the National Science Foundation, 2005

Transformative ResearchTransformative Research

Transformative ResearchTransformative Research

• Small grants for exploratory research• Creativity extensions• MRSECs – explicit support “to respond quickly and effectively to new

opportunities, and to pursue high risk, high impact and transformative research.”

• Most NSF awards are grants and offer a lot of flexibility• “Program directors will kill for the chance to support really exciting

research”

and yet…

““There exists a substantial external perception that NSF does not There exists a substantial external perception that NSF does not support transformative research.support transformative research.””

NSB 07-32NSB 07-32

• Is NSF risk-averse? Are we doing enough to support risky and Is NSF risk-averse? Are we doing enough to support risky and potentially transformative research??potentially transformative research??

(1) Studies have not found any significant biological differences between men and women in performing science and mathematics that can account for the lower representation of women in academic faculty and leadership positions in S&T fields.

(2) Compared with men, women faculty members are generally paid less and promoted more slowly, receive fewer honors, and hold fewer leadership positions. These discrepancies do not appear to be based on productivity, the significance of their work, or any other performance measures.

(3) Measures of success underlying performance-evaluation systems are often arbitrary and frequently applied in ways that place women at a disadvantage.

Beyond Bias and Barriers: Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women Fulfilling the Potential of Women

in Academic Science and in Academic Science and EngineeringEngineering

NAS Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy, 2006

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%

20.0%

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%

Women

Minorities

Women

(66/385 in FY06)

Minority

(34/385 in FY06)

Broadening ParticipationBroadening Participation

““The Under-represented The Under-represented MajorityMajority”” – – Shirley JacksonShirley Jackson

DMR Competitive Awards to Women and MinoritiesDMR Competitive Awards to Women and Minorities

• Competitive award to minority serving institutions– Interdisciplinary research teams involve both institutions– Education programs to build student participation

• Competitions 2004 and 2006• Now 10 Awards of ~ 500k/year for 5 years• Next open competition 2009

PREMs broaden participation in materials research and education by developing long-term, collaborative

partnerships between minority serving institutions and DMR-supported groups, centers and facilities

Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials

Department Chair Workshops on Department Chair Workshops on Gender EquityGender Equity

• ChemistryChemistry– January 29-31 2006, Arlington, VA (NSF, NIH, DOE)– Co-chairs Ken Houk (UCLA), Cynthia Friend (Harvard)– http://www.chem.harvard.edu/groups/friend/GenderEquityWorkshop/http://www.chem.harvard.edu/groups/friend/GenderEquityWorkshop/

• PhysicsPhysics– May 6-8 2007, College Park, MD (NSF, DOE)– Co-chairs Nora Berrah (WMU), Arthur Bienenstock (Stanford)– http://www.aps.org/programs/women/workshops/gender-equity.cfmhttp://www.aps.org/programs/women/workshops/gender-equity.cfm

“Presenters repeatedly stressed that more than an issue of fairness, gender equity is in the nation’s self-interest, since attracting the best

minds to science promotes national security and the U.S. position in the global economy.”

Broadening Participation in MS&EBroadening Participation in MS&E

Materials Science and Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Departments / UMCDepartments / UMC

– A gender equity and/or diversity workshop for MS&E chairs

– Define the goals– NSF will support this, and other agencies may join

as well

DMR PRIMERwww.nsf.gov/materials

Guidance and Advice

• DMR Committee of Visitors– 2005 chair Horst Stormer– 2008 (next) – chair Paul Peercy

• MPS Advisory Committee– Covers Astronomy, Chemistry, Mathematics/Statistics,

Physics, and Materials Research– Current & recent ‘DMR-community’ members include

Shenda Baker, Larry Dalton, Sue Coppersmith, Peter Green, Sol Gruner, Frances Hellman, Venky Narayanamurti, Monica Olvera, Ian Robertson, Wole Soboyejo

• Workshops; NAS Studies and Reports; etc

When to Send Us Your Proposal

• Unsolicited Proposals to DMR ProgramsWindow 17 Sept – 2 November 2007 (send early!)

• CAREER proposalsJuly 2007 (by Directorate)

• MRSECs – NSF07-563Pre-proposals 5 Sept 2007Full proposals 18 January 2008

• Materials World Network*Fall 2007

• DMR Instrumentation Program*Mid-scale Fall 2007, Bench-scale January 2008

• Major Research Instrumentation (NSF-wide)January 2008

* Watch for DMR proposal solicitation

DMR Scientific Staff* Acting Visiting or Temporary Appt (Full Time) Part Time Current Search

Division Director Lance Haworth*Executive Officer Ulrich Strom*Sr Staff Associate Lorretta Hopkins

CMP Wendy Fuller-Mora, Roy Goodrich, Satyen KumarCMMT Daryl Hess, Michael LeeMetals Harsh Chopra, Bruce MacDonaldCeramics Lynnette MadsenElectronic Materials Verne Hess, Charles YingPolymers Andy Lovinger, Freddy KhourySolid State Chem David Nelson, Akbar MontaserBiomaterials David Brant, Joe AkkaraSpecial Programs Carmen Huber, Uma VenkateswaranInstrumentation Chuck BouldinUser Facilities G.X. TessemaMRSEC Maija Kukla, Tom Rieker, (Charles Ying)Volunteers Udo Pernisz (CMP), Michael Owen (SSC)

Thank you!Thank you!

lhaworth@nsf.govhttp://www.nsf.gov/materials

NHMFL Open House