Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service...

32
Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design

Transcript of Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service...

Page 1: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Network Design

Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design

Page 2: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Outline

• Stages of Service Planning• Network Design– Overview– Types of Lines– Network Types

Page 3: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

STAGES OF SERVICE PLANNING

Page 4: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Service Planning Steps

Crew scheduling

Vehicle scheduling

Timetabling

Frequency determination

Route design and stop layout

Network design

Page 5: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Service Planning Steps

Frequency

determination

Timetabling

Vehicle scheduling

Crew scheduling

Route design and stop layout

Network design

Page 6: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

NETWORK DESIGN OVERVIEW

Page 7: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Network Design Decisions

• Rare to approach from scratch– Existing route patterns & infrastructure

dictate– New services complement existing services

• New major investment (rail line, etc)– Significant restructuring

Page 8: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Network Design Decisions

• Geographic coverage• Temporal coverage• Connectivity (direct vs. indirect service)

• Experiment with network structures and routes– Travel demand models– Link major activity centers

Page 9: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Network Design Objectives

Maximum transportation workMaximum operating efficiencyCreate positive impacts

Passenger Attraction

Network Operating EfficiencyNetwork-City Interactions

Page 10: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

TYPES OF TRANSIT LINES

Page 11: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Types of Transit Lines

• Radial• Diametrical• Tangential• Circumferential• Trunk with branches• Trunk with feeder• Loops on lines

Page 12: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Radial

• One terminus in city center and another outside

• Sharp peaking

• Can be used with branching

Page 13: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Diametrical (through)

• Connect suburbs on both sides through the city center

• Inbound delays propagate

Page 14: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Tangential (crosstown)

• Run tangent to city

• Common with grid patterns

• Lower & less peaked demand

Page 15: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Circumferential

• Ring around city• Suburb-to-suburb

connections without trip into city

• More connections• No terminal time

Moscow

Page 16: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Trunk lines

Trunk with branches

Trunk with feeders

Page 17: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Trunk lines

Trunk with branches+ Continuous service with no

transfers+ No transfer stations+ Less terminal time

Trunk with feeders+ Each line optimized+ Higher performance mode

on trunk+ More reliable+ Feeder to feeder transfers

Page 18: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Frequencies

• One key to quality of service• What do branches mean for frequency?

Page 19: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Frequencies

• One key to quality of service• What do branches mean for frequency?• One of three things:

1. Branches have less frequent service2. One branch connects into another3. Vehicle separates onto both (rare)

Page 20: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Loops on Lines

• Closed circle • Usually one-way

operation• Distribution in CBD

Chicago

Page 21: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Directness

• Most examples so far were rail• Bus routes often deviate to serve lower

densities

• I, U, S, O

Direct

Circuitous

Deviating

Page 22: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

In-class Exercise

Page 23: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

TRANSIT NETWORK TYPES

Page 24: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Transit Network Types

• Radial networks• Radial / circumferential networks• Rectangular or grid networks• Ubiquitous networks

Page 25: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Radial Networks

+ Maximize ridership along major travel direction

+ Limited transfers

− Extreme concentration in CBD

− Unattractive for crosstowns

− Less coverage area METRA in Chicago

Page 26: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Radial / Circumferential Networks

• Radial with a ring or tangent

• Greater diversity of origin / destination

• Greater coverage

Koln, Germany

Page 27: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Grid Networks

• Large area with uniform density

• Coverage• Substantial transfers

Page 28: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Joy of Grids

• Ability to travel from anywhere to anywhere• Mathematically, the most efficient manner is a

grid• Why?

Rectangular Spiderweb

Page 29: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Ubiquitous Networks

Coverage over all central area+

Radiating out with branches into suburbs=

perfect network

Most complete ubiquitous network in the world: Paris!! New York is OK too.

Page 30: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Network Issues

• Radial lines with branches lead to unused capacity at ends

• Different lengths / volume branches make irregular trunks

• Diametrical with different loads• Triangular connections hard to schedule

Page 31: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Conclusion

• It is rare to approach network design from scratch– Existing route patterns & infrastructure dictate– New services complement existing services

• Network design determines many factors of service quality

Page 32: Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood Network Design Unit 4: Service Planning & Network Design.

Materials developed by K. Watkins, J. LaMondia and C. Brakewood

Reference

Materials in this lecture were taken from:• Walker, J. (2011). Human transit: How clearer

thinking about public transit can enrich our communities and our lives. Island Press.

• Vukan Vuchic, “Urban Transit Operations, Planning and Economics” (2005)

• Mark Hickman, Fundamentals of Transportation wikibook, “Network Design & Frequency”, http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fundamentals_of_Transportation/Network_Design_and_Frequency