Materials and Design Considerations for Building in...
Transcript of Materials and Design Considerations for Building in...
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Materials and Design Considerations for
Building in Wildfire Prone Areas
Webinar October 5, 2011
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WUI Webinars • October 2011
– Material and Design Considerations for Building in Wildfire Prone Areas
• Steve Quarles, IBHS • November 2011
– Assissing Risk/FHSZ • Dave Sapsis, Cal Fire
• December 2011 – No Webinar - Holidays
• January 2012 – Community Planning
• Carol Rice, Wildland Resource Mgt. • February 2012
– Fire Response • Dan Turner, Urban Forest Ecosystems
Institute • March 2012
– Ready, Set, Go! • Bob Roper, International Assn. of Fire
Chiefs
April 2012
- Social Motivation
Sarah McCaffrey, USFS Research Station
May 2012
- Fuels/Landscapting
Ed Smith, U. Nevada Cooperative Extension
June 2012
- Ignition-resistant buildings
Sam Manzello, NIST
July 2012
- FireWise Commuities/USA
Michele Steinberg, NFPA and
Phyllis Banducci, Cal Fire
August 2012
- Social Considerations
Pam Jakes, USFS Research Station
September 2012
- Evacuation Planning
Tom Cova, Universtiy of Utah
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Mission:
The Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety’s mission is to conduct objective, scientific research to identify and promote effective actions that strengthen homes, businesses, and communities against natural disasters and other causes of loss
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Buildings in wildfire prone areas must be protected from:
Embers (also called ‘firebrands’; lofted
vegetation or construction materials that are burning)
Flame impingement (near-by vegetation or debris,
construction material, fire wood or other woody debris)
Radiant Heat (dense vegetation, an adjacent building/deck fire
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Reducing the vulnerability of buildings to wildfires – new construction or retrofit to existing
• Materials, Design and Details • Vegetation Management
three zones
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Defensible Space (Vegetation Management Zones) – three zone approach (0-5’; 5-30’; 30-100’)
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IBHS Research Center
Test Building
Dormer Asphalt comp roof & valley
Wood shake roof & roof edge
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3 ducts at floor level (center units)
2 ducts at low level (end units)
5 ducts at mid-level
5 ducts at upper level
Five firebox / ember generators
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Red circle – field of roof
Yellow square – edge of roof
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“Brands” used in standard roof tests. One of three components in determining Class A, B, or C fire rating for a roof covering. Untreated wood shake roof is unrated.
Class A – 12” by 12”
B - 6” by 6”
C
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Burning [12”x 12”] ‘A Brand’ placed on roof covering.
Flame penetrated to the underside (attic) of the roof sheathing. As constructed, not a Class A roof covering.
Fire rating for roof coverings
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IBHS Research Center
Untreated wood shake roof
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Roof edge issue?
Class A asphalt composition shingle roof covering with “woven valley”, after ember ignition of pine needle debris
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Edge of Roof Vulnerability
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Debris in gutters - if ignited (by embers) the fire will expose roof edge, not your Class A roof covering.
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Edge of Roof
-plug openings (“bird-stops”)
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Metal angle flashing at edge of roof
Embers at gap between roof sheathing and top of fascia. Photo taken inside the attic.
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vinyl gutter metal gutter
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Skylights
Ember ignition of debris: - top of skylight - roof-to-edge of skylight
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Skylight on steep-slope roof: - radiant heat exposure
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An open skylight or an open window is the most vulnerable – entry of embers
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Gable end
Through-roof
Under Eave
Vents
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Gable End Vent
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Open Eave Design – significant ember entry
Soffited Eave Design – minimal ember entry
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Angle flashing absent
Ember accumulation
Angle flashing present
No observable ember accumulation
Ember entry soffited eave / roof edge
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Finer mesh screens can become plugged with debris, or paint, thereby having a negative impact on the ‘moisture management’ function of vents. Maintenance issue …
1/8” mesh, debris build up
Fine mesh screen, covered over with paint
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“WUI” vents - specifically designed to resist the entry of embers and flames
• ASTM Standard Test Method is being developed to evaluate performance • Four “WUI vents” have been accepted for use by California OSFM.
incorporate screening and other design features (baffle design, fused link, intumescent coating, coarse steel wool)
Blocked vent
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Vent Summary
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THE EAVE
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Windows
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Performance of windows – the glass is the most vulnerable part of the window.
Frame failure
Glass failure
Horizontal separator on single- / double-hung window.
(The horizontal separator in hung vinyl windows should be reinforced
with an aluminum cross piece.)
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#1 #2
#3 #4
Inside
Outside
Dual-pane window
Frame
Radiant Heat
Exposure
Warmer, greater thermal expansion
Cooler, lower thermal expansion
Thermal stresses, resulting in crack propagation inward from the edge of glass, causes glass breakage
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Broken outer pane. Inner pane in tact.
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Embers collecting on fiberglass screen
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Screen failure after flame contact
IBHS Research Center
Where screen remains intact, minimizes ember entry
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Radiant Panel
Water-cooled radiator panel
Heat flux sensors behind window
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Ignition of curtain occurred after both panes of glass in upper light fell out.
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Decks
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Looking down the slope from the deck
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Combustible materials and debris under the deck
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Water staining on bottom of (wood plastic composite) deck boards
Long term performance of wood and joist hanger?
If deck is enclosed, drainage or venting needs to be considered
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WPC, not 7A compliant
‘7A’ compliant
Performance related to decking
WPC Redwood
WUI Product Handbook – CA OSFM
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Siding
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Flame spread up the wall …
Penetration into stud cavity
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Re-entrant (interior) Corner
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Avoid combustible attachments at the building.
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Thanks for your attention!
Steve Quarles [email protected] (813) 404-4942 (cell)
www.disastersafety.org
www.extension.org/surviving_wildfire
Where building safety research leads to real-world solutions.