Material Science Ultimate Practice

download Material Science Ultimate Practice

of 20

Transcript of Material Science Ultimate Practice

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    1/20

    !"#$%&'(#)%"

    *+, +). /%)"# )0 1 2133 1"& 0%(4,# /%)"#5

    *+, 0.+,$)(13 +,1& %6 #+, 6,7'$ 821339

    !#0 0"':3; )"#% #+, 0%(4,# %6 #+, .,3,," DEE=EEE 1"&

    FEE=EEE %6 #+,0, 0'$:,$),0= $,.31()":

    1 &171:,& /%)"# >)#+ 1 .$%0#+,#)(5G)6',#% 9#&0##/ ?@A 6/8 1BCA5 !",%6/2;# )6/ 8#)'#6%# 6% 6 -#'%*/ 62#%= 6++#)&,/2 &"# ;*684

    9#6',/2 )6-69,;,&: *+ &"# .*,/&5 !"# ",- .*,/& "6% &"'##8#2'##% *+ +'##8*7D #E/%,*/= '*&6&,*/= 6/8 &*'%,*/5!"#%# 8#2'##% *+ +'##8*7 6;;*0 -#*-;# &* -#'+*'76 0,8# '6/2# *+ 6)&,*/%= %()" 6% 06;F,/2= '(//,/2= 6/8

    &0,%&,/25

    Femoral

    Head

    Femur

    !"#$%& ()!* +&,-".&/ 0"&1 23 ,4& 4"5 62"7,8

    !GHIJ K*7-#&,&,*/ 3@13J)#/6',* 3D!"#$%&'()"&* ,#")- .%/0(&%$%)-

    1"/ 23#*-'%*"*

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    2/209!GHIJ K*7-#&,&,*/ 3@L3 LLML3 N#>#; O!#)"/*;*2: J&(8#/& H%%*),6&,*/ P!JH

    !"# ,8#6; 9,*76',6; +*' 6 ",- .*,/& ,% */# &"6& )6/ 0,&"4%&6/8 &"# +*')#%= -'*>,8# '6/2# *+ 7*&,*/= 6/8 /*& ,/'6)&0,&" 9,*;*2,)6; 76',6;% -'#%#/& ,/ &"# 9*8:5 R/ &"# #6';:

    1?3@%= %('2#*/% #E-#',7#/ 0,&" >6',*(% 76',6;% &*8#>#;*- ",- -'*%&"#%#%5 S/# *+ &"# )"*%#/ 76',6;% 06%2;6%%= 0",)" -'*>#8 &* 9# &** +'62,;#5 R/ &"# 1?T@%= ,7-;6/&%0#'# )*6= 0",)" 6;%* -'*>#8 (/'#;,69;#= 6/8 -6&,#/&%

    )*/&,/(#8 &* "6># -6,/5 1,/6;;:= ,/ &"# ;6 1?U@%= 76',6;%%()" 6% )*96;& )"'*7# 6;;*: *' &,&6/,(7 6;;*: 0#'# (%#8 +*'",- -'*%&"#%,%5

    Femoral

    Head

    Femur

    NWb

    Wleg

    y

    x

    !"#$%& ()(* !2%9&: -9,"7# 27 - 4"5 62"7,8

    !"#$%& ();* &7, /&0"9&8

    B%'$(,L +##.LMM,"5>)4).,&)15%$:M>)4)MN).O$,.31(,7,"#P?$@."9 +2>-"7

    !"# ",- .*,/& %(--*'&% &"# 9*8: 6/8 #E-#',#/)#% 6 0,8#>6',#&: *+ +*')#% 8(',/2 06;F,/2= '(//,/2= 6/8 %&'#&)",/25!"# +*')#% #E-#',#/)#8 9: &"# ",- .*,/& 6'# '6&"#' ;6'2#

    6/8 6'# */# '#6%*/ 0": &",% .*,/& ,% %(%)#-&,9;# &* -6,/51*')# 96;6/)# ,/ &"# ",- .*,/& ,/>*;>#% &0* +*')#% 6)&,/2 */

    &"# 9*8:D &"# 0#,2"& *+ &"# 9*8: 6)&,/2 8*0/06'8 6/8 6/*'76; +*')# 6)&,/2 (-06'85 H +*')# 96;6/)# ,% %"*0/ ,/

    1,2('# 3435

    Q00'7.#)%"0 1"& G),)#5 W*0#>#'= )"6;;#/2#% ,/ ,7-;#7#/&6&,*/ 9#2,/0,&" ,8#/&,+:,/2 &"# &:-# *+ 76',6; %(,&69;# +*' 6 8#>,)#5

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    3/2010!GHIJ K*7-#&,&,*/ 3@L3 LLML3 N#>#; O!#)"/*;*2: J&(8#/& H%%*),6&,*/ P!JH

    XX5 Y,#,$7)", "%$713 0#$,00 1(#)": %"

    #+, ($%00 0,(#)%" %6 #+, #)#1")'7 #'2,5

    65 /*'76; %&'#%% @5B IX6

    95 /*'76; %&'#%% LY?5CZ IX6

    )5 /*'76; %&'#%% LZ5B3 IX6

    85 /*'76; %&'#%% UC5BU IX6

    #5 /*'76; %&'#%% 3LY5ZU IX6

    XD5 !6 #+, #'2, )0 0#$,#(+,& 2; D5Z (7=

    >+1# )0 #+, 0#$1)" ,[.,$),"(,&\ ?+1#

    )0 #+, !"13 &)17,#,$ %6 #+, #'2,\

    65 %&'6,/ @5@CV

    !/6; 8,67#' 35Z? )795 %&'6,/ 35CV

    !/6; 8,67#' @5BT )7

    )5 %&'6,/ @5?CV

    !/6; 8,67#' 35ZT )7

    85 %&'6,/ TC5CV

    !/6; 8,67#' 35C )7

    #5 %&'6,/ @5@CV

    !/6; 8,67#' 35Y? )7

    XF5 H13('31#, #+, 17%'"# %6 #%$]', 1"&

    #%$0)%" :,",$1#,& )" 1 .$%0#+,0)0=

    >+," 1 .,$0%" >1340 >)#+ 1 #%$]',

    1":3, %6 ^E_5

    65 &*'[(# LY?

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    4/2011!GHIJ K*7-#&,&,*/ 3@L3 LLML3 N#>#; O!#)"/*;*2: J&(8#/& H%%*),6&,*/ P!JH

    XW5 *% &,0):" 1" )7.31"# #+1# >)33 7)7)(

    #+, 6'"(#)%"0 %6 #+, +). /%)"#= >+)(+ %6

    #+,0, (+1$1(#,$)0#)(0 7'0# #+, )7.31"#

    .%00,00\ 8H+%%0, 133 #+1# 1..3;59

    8!9 1 2133 #% $,.31(, #+, 6,7%$13 +,1&

    8!!9 1 0%(4,# #% 7)7)( #+, 1(,#12'3'7

    8!!!9 1 $):)& /%)"#

    8!e9 1 3)",$ )"0)&, #+, 2133 1"& 0%(4,#

    8e9 1 $%':+ 6,7%$13 +,1&

    65 R */;: 85 R= RRR= R\= 6/8 \

    95 R 6/8 RR #5 R= RR= RRR= R\= 6/8 \

    )5 R= RR= 6/8 R\

    XZ5 ?+)(+ %6 #+,0, 2)%71#,$)130 >%'3&

    ;%'$ #,17 (+%%0, 6%$ &,0):")": 1 +).

    )7.31"#= )6 #+, '3#)71#, #,"0)3, 0#$,":#+

    %6 2%", )0 XEf IV1\ 8*+,$, (1" 2,

    7%$, #+1" %", (+%)(,59

    8!9 #)#1")'7

    8!!9 +1$& 0#,,3

    8!!!9 $'22,$

    8!e9 .%3;.$%.;3,",

    8e9 .%$(,31)"

    65 R */;: 85 R= RRR= R\= 6/8 \

    95 R 6/8 RR #5 R= RR= RRR= R\= 6/8 \

    )5 R= RR= 6/8 R\

    `',0#)%"0Q&&)#)%"13Q00'7.#)%"0 1"& G)

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    5/2012!GHIJ K*7-#&,&,*/ 3@L3 LLML3 N#>#; O!#)"/*;*2: J&(8#/& H%%*),6&,*/ P!JH

    Q&&)#)%"13Q00'7.#)%"0 1"& G)+,$, -)0 #+, $1&)'0 %6 #+, 2,175

    R K,"&)": 7%7,"# )0 &,!",& 10CD

    !B

    OOOO

    D = >+,$, !)0 #+, 6%$(,

    1"& .)0 #+, 3,":#+5

    R *+, 6%$7'31 $,31#)": 2,"&)": 7%7,"#= $1&)'0 %6 ('$)#+0#1"& 2,6%$,

    6$1(#'$,\

    65 L@@ IX6 85 B@@ IX6

    95 LU3 IX6 #5 L=@T@ IX6

    )5 3@@ IX6

    Xa5 H13('31#, #+, 3%1& .,$ '")# 3,":#+ %6

    #+, #)#1")'7 $%& /'0# 2,6%$, 6$1(#'$,5

    Q00'7, #+1# #+, 3%1& )0 '")6%$73;

    &)0#$)2'#,&5

    65 L@U53 IX6M7

    95 L=@T@ IX6M7

    )5 L=@UU5UU IX6M7

    85 3=LUU5UU IX6M7

    #5 B=LC@ IX6M7

    `',0#)%"0

    d%#,0

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    6/2013!GHIJ K*7-#&,&,*/ 3@L3 LLML3 N#>#; O!#)"/*;*2: J&(8#/& H%%*),6&,*/ P!JH

    Q&&)#)%"13 d%#,0

    Xf5 Q 6%$(, %6 XZE d )0 1..3),& %" #+,

    7)&.%)"# %6 1 #)#1")'7 2,175 H13('31#,

    #+, 2,"&)": 7%7,"# 1"& $1&)'0 %6

    ('$6&('# L=@3@ 7

    )5 9#/8,/2 7*7#/& LC@ < 7V

    '68,(% *+ )('>6&('# ? L@T7

    85 9#/8,/2 7*7#/& BU < 7V

    '68,(% *+ )('>6&('# L@35? 7

    #5 9#/8,/2 7*7#/&

    Y3 < 7V'68,(% *+ )('>6&('# L@35? 7

    DE5 !6 #+, 0+,1$ 1":3, )0 XE_= (13('31#, #+,

    0+,1$ 0#$1)" 1"& 0+,1$ 0#$,00 %6 #+,

    #)#1")'7 133%;5

    65 %"#6' %&'6,/ L@V

    %"#6' %&'#%% TT ]X6

    95 %"#6' %&'6,/ @5LYUV

    %"#6' %&'#%% Y5YU ]X6)5 %"#6' %&'6,/ @53V

    %"#6' %&'#%% L@ ]X6

    85 %"#6' %&'6,/ @5LYUV

    %"#6' %&'#%% 3C@ ]X6

    #5 %"#6' %&'6,/ @5LV

    %"#6' %&'#%% T5T ]X6

    `',0#)%"0

    d%#,0

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    7/20

    "#$%&'()$*

    +,- .#-- /&*#$ 0(11&%$0 $,- 2-*3,$ &4$,- 5&'6 7#' $%7#08*$0 4&%)-0 $& $,-

    3%&(#'9 *$ 7:0& 7::&20 4&% 7 :7%3- %7#3- &4

    8&$* 5-$2--# $,- $*5*7 7#' $,- 4-8(%;

    +,- 0(%47)- 2,-%- $,- 4-8(% 7#' $*5*7

    8--$ *0 )& 0(),

    70 &0$-&7%$,%*$*0> &% 5-)7(0- &4 *#/(%6; "#0(), )70-0> 7 /&*#$ %-1:7)-8-#$ *0 7 2*'-:6

    7))-1$-' &1$* +,- 570*) *'-7 &4 /&*#$

    %-1:7)-8-#$ 0(%3-%6 *0 $& %-1:7)- $,-

    '*0-70-' &% '7873-' 7%$*)(:7% 0(%47)-

    2*$, 7 06#$,-$*) 87$-%*7:; ?))&%'*#3 $&$,- ?8-%*)7# ?)7'-86 &4 @%$,&1-'*)

    A(%3-> 8&%- $,7# BCC>CCC .#--

    %-1:7)-8-#$ 0(%3-%*-0 7%- )'()$-'

    - 5*&8-'*)7:

    -#3*#--%0> 8-),7#*)7: -#3*#--%0> 7#'87$-%*7:0 -#3*#--%0 2&%. $&3-$,-% $&

    '-0*3# -44-)$*

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    8/2015AB C/82'%+%+/" DEKD KKLKD M'='* N&2"57$5 "5 .4%2A

    ./& ,%."7$-,% 7,%."-,#& "5 64%2A ,29 &9: D/"5 7429"."42%&5$-.5 "2 7/%42"7 12&& B,"2:

    !"#$%& ()(* D4.,- 12&& %&B-,7&>&2. /,%96,%&:

    A&(%)-E ,$$1EFF-#;2*.*1-'*7;&%3F2*.*FG*:-EH#*-1%&$,-0-;1#39 DD JM R;C9E%,"7/&2

    Worn Articular

    Cartilage

    Bone Spurs

    Torn Meniscus

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    9/2016AB C/82'%+%+/" DEKD KKLKD M'='* N

    2&(:' $,- 1%&0$,-$*) 5- 75:- $&

    2*$,0$7#' $,- 711:*-' #&%87: 0$%-00[

    !0 W/6 %&' "/38!* ,%3',, +, *',, %&!"%&' 7+'*# ,%3'":%&0

    (0 \',6 %&' "/38!* ,%3',, +, *',, %&!"

    %&' 7+'*# ,%3'":%&0

    -0 W/6 %&' "/38!* ,%3',, +, :3'!%'3

    %&!" %&' 7+'*# ,%3'":%&0

    #0 \',6 %&' "/38!* ,%3',, +, :3'!%'3

    %&!" %&' 7+'*# ,%3'":%&0

    '0 W/6 %&' "/38!* ,%3',, +, !22*+'#

    2'32'"#+-)*!3 %/ %&' 3/# ,)3.!-'0

    SR; \,7$ *0 $,- 8*#*8(8 '*78-$-% $,7$ 7

    $*$7#*(8 %&' *# 7 1%&0$,-$*) )&(:' ,7

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    10/2017AB C/82'%+%+/" DEKD KKLKD M'='* N 2,-%- %

    *0 $,- :-#3$, &4 $,- 4-8(% 7#' !*0 $,- 4&%)- 711:*-';

    ?''*$*: ]&$-0

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    11/2018AB C/82'%+%+/" DEKD KKLKD M'='* N $,- )%--1

    8&'(:(0 &4 $,- 7%$*)(:7% )7%$*:73- *0

    WC UP7; "4 $,- 4&%)- &4 $,- 17$*-#$N0

    2-*3,$ $,- 7%$*)(:7% 0(%47)- *0

    RCC ]> 2,7$ *0 $,- 0$%7*# $,-

    )7%$*:73- *4 *$ *0 R )8 *# '*78-$-%[

    !0 K0F

    KEY_ #0 E0F_

    (0 UKEY_ '0 E0U_

    -0 E0KF_

    ST; +,- 1%-0-#)- &4 7 .#-- )71 *#)%-70-0

    $,- 8&8-#$ 7%8 &4 $,- /&*#$; "4

    U RCC ]> )7:)(:7$- $,- )&81%-00*

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    12/2019AB C/82'%+%+/" DEKD KKLKD M'='* N2,-%-

    L QB_> B_> 7#' 7%)$7#0*# 0*#

    IIIIIIIIIII

    )&0 )&0

    ?''*$*:J7).3%&(#'

    V7!*+"' -!3%+*!:' -/='3, %&' !3%+-)*!3 ,)3.!-' !"# !**/9, ./3,8//%& 8/='8'"% /. %&' 4"'' 5/+"%0 `='3 %+8'6 -3''2 !"#9'!3 -!),' #!8!:' %/ %&' -!3%+*!:'? /"*7 !(3/), -!3%+*!:'

    -!" (' ),'# ./3 3'2*!-'8'"% 2)32/,',6 !"# +% #/', "/%2'3./38 !, 9'** !, &7!*+"' -!3%+*!:'0 M/,, /. 5/+"% .)"-%+/"!"# 2!+" /--)3,0

    ?''*$*:?00(81$* 7#' K*

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    13/20

    "#$%&'()$*

    +*$, -*./ 012#0 *#)%/20*#3 '(/ $& 4/$$/%

    5/'*)2- $%/2$5/#$6 /../)$*7/ '/#$2-

    *51-2#$0 2%/ *51&%$2#$ .&% 2 3&&' 8(2-*$9

    &. -*./: ;#3*#//%0 1-29 0*3#*!)2#$ %&-/0 *#

    '/7/-&1*#3 '/#$2- *51-2#$06 .%&5 ),&&0*#3

    *51-2#$ 52$/%*2-0 $& '/0*3#*#3 2#'52#(.2)$(%*#3 *51-2#$0: 2= 2#' $,/# 4/)&5/0 .(0/' =*$, $,/

    4/ ?)2--/' !""#!$%'()&$!%@6 20 0,&=#

    *# A*3(%/ BCD: E# 2%$*!)*2- %/1-2)/5/#$

    $&&$, *0 1-2)/' $&1 &. $,/ *51-2#$: E#

    *51-2#$ )2# 0/%7/ 20 2 420/ .&% / &% 5&%/

    %/1-2)/5/#$ $//$,: F,/ 5&0$ )&55

    52$/%*2-0 (0/' .&% '/#$2- *51-2#$0 2%/

    $*$2#*(5 2--&9 ?2 5/$2-@ 2#' G*%)*(5'*&H*'/ ?2 )/%25*)@: I*%)*(5 '*&H*'/ *0

    5&%/ 2/0$,/$*)2--9 1-/20*#3 2#' -/00 -*J/-9 $&

    )2(0/ 2# 2--/%3*) %/2)$* $,2# $*$2#*(5 2--&96

    4($ *$ *0 5&%/ /H1/#0*7/ $,2# $*$2#*(5 2--&9:

    F,/ $20J &. 9&(% /#3*#//%*#3 $/25 *0 $&

    '/7/-&1 2 '/#$2- *51-2#$: K&(% $/25 =*--

    #//' $& )*'/% $,/ .&%)/0 2)$*#3 $,/

    *51-2#$ 2#' 52J/ 0(%/ $,2$ $,/ 52$/%*2-),&0/# )2# =*$,0$2#' $,/0/ .&%)/0:

    L$,/% )*'/%2$* *#)-('/ /../)$0 &.

    $/51/%2$(%/ ),2#3/06 ,2%'#/006 %/2)$*7*$9

    =*$, .&&'6 2#' %/0*0$2#)/ $& )&%%&0*:

    M2)J3%&(#'

    "#$ %&'$()*+) ,-*+)%)%./ )0*) .+1%+..(/ -/. )$ *+*234.

    5$(6./ $+ *+ $78.6) *(. /)(.// *+9 /)(*%+: ;)(.// %/ 9.!+.9

    */ )0. 5$(6. 9%

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    14/2027!"#$% '()*+,-,-(. /01/ 1121/ 3+4+5 6!+78.(5(9: %,;,-(. ?!%#

    !"#$%&'( *!+

    "

    ###

    "

    $%&'& "() *%& +%,-.& (- /&-.*% 01 ,- 023&+* 45& *0 , )*'&))6,-4 "() *%& 0'(.(-,/ /&-.*% 01 *%& 023&+*

    F F

    LL

    #$%&'( )*+, -.(/01 2134$5% /1( 26788 9(:3'67/$35 72 7 '(2&8/ 3: 75 7;;8$(9 :3'0(

    !8+ 7A(==B=+7,-(.>5 >A+> (. C8-78 ,8+ D(A7+E !E >7,= -= 5-K-.9 ,8+ D(A7+ C-,8 ,8+ 7A(==B=+7,-(.>5>A+>E ,8+ =,A+== (4+A >.: =+7,-(. (D >. (FL+7, 7>. F+ 7()*;,+= 5(.9 >= ,8+ 7()*(=-,-(. (D ,8+ (FL+7, -= ;.-D(A)I !8+ D(A7+7>. 8>4+ > 7()*(.+., ,8>, -= *>A>55+5 >.< *+A*+.A ,( ,8+7A(==B=+7,-(.>5 >A+>I %,A+== 5=( M.(C. >= ,8+ *A+==;A+I

    # *>-A (D D(A7+= 7>. F+ +-,8+A 7()*A+==-4+ (A ,+.=-5+I ND ,8+ D(A7+=>A+ *;55-.9 >C>: DA() +>78 (,8+AE ,8+. ,8+ (FL+7, -= -. ,+.=-(.E

    >= =8(C. -. G-9;A+ HB/I '()*A+==-(. D(A7+= >A+ -. ,8+ (**(=-,+A< +>78 (,8+AI %()+ )>,+A->5=E =;78 >=7+A>)-7=E >A+ );78 =,A(.9+A -. 7()*A+==-(. ,8>. -. ,+.=-(.I

    !8+ D(A7+= (. >. (FL+7, 7>;=+ -, ,( 78>.9+ =8>*+E >5,8(;98,8+=+ 78>.9+= >A+ (D,+. ,(( =)>55 ,( .(,-7+I O8+. :(; =-, (.

    > )>,,A+==E -, .9+= =8>*+I ND :(; =-, (. > ,A++=,;)*E :(; >A+ *;=8-.9 ,8+ ,(* (D -, 75(=+A ,( ,8+ F(,,()C-,8 :(;A C+-98,I !8+ >)(;., ,8>, ,8+ ,A++ =,;)* =8(A,+.=-= A+5>,+< ,( =,A>-.I ND > D(A7+ -= .(, ,(( 5>A9+E ,8+. >. (FL+7,

    C-55 A+,;A. ,( -,= (A-9-.>5 =8>*+ C8+. ,8+ D(A7+ -= A+)(4+ A;FF+A F>.55: A+,;A. ,( -,= (A-9-.>5=8>*+I P(C+4+AE -D :(; =,A+,78 ,8+ A;FF+A F>.< +Q7+==-4+5:E -,

    C-55 FA+>MI !8+ =,A+== ,8>, 7>;=+= ,8+ A;FF+A F>.< ,( FA+>M -=7>55+< ,8+ $%&'()&* +&,*-.&/I #.(,8+A -)*(A ,>., 4>5;+ (D =,A+==-= 7>55+< ,8+0'*%1 +&,*-.&/E C8-78 -= ,8+ )>Q-);) >)(;., (D=,A+== > )>,+A->5 7>. C-,8=,>.< >.< =,-55 A+,;A. ,( -,= (A-9-.>5

    =8>*+I ND ,8+ (FL+7, 9(+= F>7M ,( -,= (A-9-.>5 =8>*+ C8+. ,8+D(A7+ -= A+)(4+;=+= >. *%)+&'2 1*34,()&'4-I

    ND ,8+ (FL+7, 7M ,( -,= (A-9-.>5 =8>*+E ,8+. ,8+(FL+7, ;. 5%)+&'2 1*34,()&'4-I %,A>-. -= (D,+. .< -= ,-(.I

    #$%&'( )*=, >5/('578 2/'7$5 $2 07&2(9 ?@ 75 (A/('578 :3'0(,-(. / -. G-9;A+ HBU -= 7>55+< ,8+ *%)+&'2 %'('&I ND ,8+ >**5-+,+A ,8>. ,8-=E ,8+. ,8+ )>,+A->5 C-55 .(, A+,;A.

    ,( -,= (A-9-.>5 =8>*+I !8+ =,A+== >, ,8+ +5>=,-7 5-)-, -= 7>55+%+&:?* ,%"+(+*4 !!!= !=@AB,5CDE !**+,#&: $;0 F%&"#$#%&* :#/0&4 G;'$ #*

    $;0 *$30** %& $;0 $00$; "+0 $% H#$#&:I

    >A BAC $D>

    FA 1G $D> +A 1/0 $D>

    7A H0 $D>

    C5E J;0 A I+=J ,8+ =,K+== . ,8+ :-+5< =,K+.9,8A

    FA I+=J ,8+ =,K+== . ,8+ ;5,-)>,+ ,+.=-5+ =,K+.9,8A

    7A M(J ,8+ =,K+== =,-7 K+9-(.A

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    16/2029!"#$% '()*+,-,-(. /01/ 1121/ 3+4+5 6!+78.(5(9: %,;,-(. ?!%#

    !!" $%& '()*+ , -.-,/.)0 ,**(& .01*,/-

    23 14353443+ (634 , 7-,./*377 7-33*

    .01*,/- ,88(4+./9 -( -%3 ./5(40,-.(/

    ./ :,2*3 ;

    >A B+7>;=+ ,-,>.-;) >55(: 8>= >

    9C+>,+C :-+5< =,C+.9,8

    DA B+7>;=+ ,-,>.-;) >55(: 8>= > 5(E+C

    F(;.9G= )(;=+ >55(:= 8>4+ )(C+ H>4(C>D5+

    )>,+C->5 *C(*+C,-+=

    ;=+ ,8+ ;5,-)>,+ ,+.=-5+

    =,C+.9,8 (H =,>-.5+== =,++5 -= .(,

    5>C9+ +.(;98 ,( E-,8=,>.< D-,-.9H(C7+=

    +A B+7>;=+ =,>-.5+== =,++5 8>= > 8-98

    F(;.9G= )(

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    17/2030!"#$% '()*+,-,-(. /01/ 1121/ 3+4+5 6!+78.(5(9: %,;,-(. ?!%#

    !""#$#%&'(*'+,-.%/&"

    A.+ (B ,8+ .+C+D )>,+D->5= ;=+< B(D 5 -)*5>.,= -=E-D7(.-;)F (B,+. -. ,8+ B(D) (B E-D7(.-;) 55(:F E-D7(.-;) -= > 7+D>)-7 >.< -,= 7(5(D -= =-)-5>D

    ,( ,8>, (B .>,;D>5 ,++,8H K-D7(.-;) 8>= =()+ >.,>9+=(4+D ,-,>.-;)H L, -= M+5-+4+< ,( M+ =,D(.9+D >.< 5+== 5-J+5: ,(7>;=+ >55+D9-7 D+>7,-(.= ,8>. ,-,>.-;) ,+D->5H !8+ *D(7+==-.9(B E-D7(.-;) 8>= > =-9.-!7>., +BB+7, (. -,= *D(*+D,-+=H N(;D,+>) 8>= M++. >=J+< ,( +G>)-.+ E-D7(.-;) M-5-,: B(D 5 -)*5>.,=H

    !""#$#%&'(!00/12$#%&0 '&" 3#45&0

    6 7%%$8 "#15&0#%&0 '.5 '22.%9#1'$5(: ; 11 (5&-$8< ; 11

    =#"$8< '&" !> 11 "52$8

    6 ?& ' ('@%.'$%.:< 5('0$#+ "5A%.1'$#%& %A ' B#.+%/1 "#%9#"5

    #12('&$ ='0 %@05.45" /2 $% ' 1'9#1/1 A%.+5 %A ! D

    2/08#&- "%=& 45.$#+'((: %& $85 $%%$8E6 F('0$#+ "5A%.1'$#%& '0 ' .50/($ %A $85 '@%45 A%.+5 >E>>C 11

    6 G#.+%/1 "#%9#"5 #0 ' +5.'1#+< =8#+8 A.'+$/.50 @5A%.5 #$

    :#5("0E

    !""#$#%&'(*'+,-.%/&"

    %+4+D>5 -)*5>.,= C+D+ )-=5>M+5+< M+B(D+ ,+=,-.9H N(;D ,+>).++5= ;=+< B(D ,8+-)*5>.,=H

    !""#$#%&'(!00/12$#%&0 '&" 3#45&0

    6 H#15&0#%&0 %A $85 #12('&$0 '.5 '22.%9#1'$5(: ; 11 (5&-$8 11 "52$8

    6 I%.+5J D

    K;E L%12/$5 M%/&-N0 1%"/(/0 A%.

    B#.+%/1 "#%9#"5E

    >H O0 $P>

    MH 100 $P> +H 100 QP>

    7H O00 $P>

    O/50$#%&0

    D%$50

    KPE ! 2'$#5&$N0 #12('&$ #0 @5&$ %/$ %A

    08'25 '0 ' .50/($ %A ' A%.+5 %A J DE

    Q8'$ 1'$5.#'( #0 $85 #12('&$R

    >H >5;)-.;)

    MH .>,;D>5 ,((,8

    7H =,>-.5+== =,++5

    .-;) >55(:

    +H E-D7(.-;)

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    18/2031!"#$% '()*+,-,-(. /01/ 1121/ 3+4+5 6!+78.(5(9: %,;,-(. ?!%#

    "##$%$&'()*(+,-.&/'#

    # 78>.9+ -. ,+)*+A>,;A+ 7>. 7>;=+ > ,-(. -. >.-)*5>., >. =,A>-. =-)-5>A ,( ,8>,-. "E;>,-(. FG/H # 7(+B!7-+., (B ,8+A)>5 +I*>.=-(. ?@ 9-4+=

    > )+>=;A+ (B ,8+ >)(;., (B ,-(. 78>.9+-. ,+)*+A>,;A+H !8-= 7(+B!7-+., -= > B;.7,-(. (B ,+)*+A>,;A+CD;, (4+A > A+5>,-4+5: =)>55 ,+)*+A>,;A+ A>.9+C -, 7>. D+

    7(.=-.,H

    !8+ +I*A+==-(. B(A ,8+ 78>.9+ -. 4(5;)+ (B >. (DJ+7, 78>.9+ -. ,+)*+A>,;A+ -= 9-4+. D: ,8+ B(55(K-.9

    +E;>,-(.H

    012 " #3'%$4% 5(4 '&% #3+$#3# 653%53.

    %& /43 ( 7$.+&'$/8 &. %$%('$/8 ())&9

    $8:)('%2 ;5(% $4 %53 )(.-34% :&44$

    >H 3(K "C 5(K C >.< 5(K :-+5< =,A+==

    DH P-98 "C 5(K C >.< 8-98 :-+5< =,A+==7H 3(K "C 8-98 C >.< 5(K :-+5< =,A+==

    .< 8-98 :-+5< =,A+==

    A&%34

    B/34%$&'4

    !"#$%&'( *C+

    !

    DDD

    ! # $

    "##$%$&'()"44/8:%$&'4 ('# E$=3'4

    F G&3@!+$3'% &@ %53.8() 3H:('4$&'

    &@ 7$.+&'$/8I J21 !KLM!&@ %$%('$/8 ())&9I ?2L !KLM!

    F "44/83 %5343 +&3@!+$3'%4 &@ %53.8() 3H:('4$&' (.3 =()$# @&.%53 %38:3.(%/.3 .('-3 $' %5$4 :.&

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    19/2032!"#$% '()*+,-,-(. /01/ 1121/ 3+4+5 6!+78.(5(9: %,;,-(. ?!%#

    !"# %&'( )* (&+ ,'-.)(/0+ 12 (&+ *&+'3

    *(3+** ). 4)-/3+ 5678

    91(+*

    :/+*()1.*

    >A 0 B>

    EA CAD FB> +A G0 $B>

    7A 1AH $B>

    ;00)()1.'+A &((BACC+.#D)?)B+0)'#13-CD)?)CE+.('-'

    Support A Support B

    F

    !+,$'- ./.1 !'-- 5&6B 6+9,'9= &4 9 7+=%8B 7$%%&'(-6 5-9=;

    R-9;J+ DOU =8(M= > 5 EJ-. E+ ;=+< ,(J+*5>7+ > )-==-.9 ,((,8A !8+ +.< ,((,8 (. ,8+ -)*5>., !,=

    (4+J >7,;>5 ,((,8 >.< ,8+ )-7+= > )-==-.9,((,8A $( =-)*5: =;**(J,+< E+>) ,(

    =-)*5-K: ,8+ 7>57;5>,-(.=A V. >7,;>5 *J>7,-7+N ,8+ K(J7+= >, ,8+=;**(J,= -.75;.< .(, Q;=, ,8+ 4+J,-7>7()*(.+.,A

    Shear

    Support B

    F

    !+,$'- ./C1 !'-- 5&6B 6+9,'9= &4 9 7-:(+&> &4 5'+6,-

    73&D+>, (3- 4&':-7 9:(+>, &> +(;

    M).(A @/BB1*+ N1/ *+ (&+ G3)0-+

    '( (&+ '()1. D&+3+ N1/ D'.( (1

    >1,B/(+ (&+ ).(+3.'< *&+'3 *(3+**

    OG+(D++. (&+ + 1. (&)* *+>()1. 12

    (&+ G3)0-+S '* *&1D. ). (&+ 23++ G10N

    0)'-3', ). 4)-/3+ 567#

    T I31**6*+>()1.'< '3+' 12 (&+ 0+.('< G3)0-+ )* 'BB31R),'(+

  • 7/23/2019 Material Science Ultimate Practice

    20/20

    "##$%$&'()*(+,-.&/'#

    ".9-.++A= 7>. -)*A(4+ ,8+ .,= C:+D>)-.-.9 ,8+ 7>;=+= (B B>-5;A+E F.+ 7())(. 7>;=+ (BB>-5;A+ -= .(, (==+(-.,+9A>,-.9 *A(*+A 5:E %,>,-=,-7>5 >.>5:=-=

    8+5*= +.9-.++A= ,8>, G-55 8+5*B(7;= +.9-.++A=J +BB(A,= -. =+>A78-.9 B(A *A(C5+)=E

    "##$%$&'()"00/12%$&'0 ('# 3$45'0

    !"#$%

    !'#$(')*

    +*,%$(#-

    !"#$%

    .#$'(%/--

    .#//%

    +*,%$(#-

    !'#$(')*

    +*,%$(#-

    0$'%/1

    .#$'(%/--

    .#//%

    +*,%$(#-

    0$'%/1

    FB!7+ K1 LM M0 N 1

    FB!7+ K/ /1 1OM L 1

    !"#$% '()* +",% -. ."/$01% -. ,/,"2/03 "24 5,"/2$%55 5,%%$ 4%2,"$ /36$"2,57 8","

    9"5 ,":%2 .1-3 ,9- 4/..%1%2, 4%2,"$ -.!;%5 -