Matakuliah Biologi Umum

Universitas Lampung

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884)

Pisum sativum

Karakter Fenotipe Pisum sativum

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Postulat Mendel

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Hukum Mendel

(I) The Law of Segregation states that when any individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate so that each gamete receives only one copy

(II) The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Perkembangan Genetika

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

BIDANG KAJIAN GENETIKA

Genetika Populasi

Sitogenetika Genetika

Molekular

GENETIKA POPULASI

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

SITOGENETIKA

Apa hubungan dari:

- Sel

- DNA

- Kromosom

- Gen

- Nukleus

- Protein

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Packaging DNA

Histone proteins

Histone

octomer

B DNA Helix

2 nm

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Packaging DNA

Histone proteins

B DNA Helix

Histone

octomer

2 nm

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Packaging DNA

Histone proteins

Histone

octomer

Nucleosome

11 nm

B DNA Helix 2 nm

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Packaging DNA

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Packaging DNA

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Packaging DNA

Protein scaffold

11 nm “Beads on

a string”

30 nm

Tight helical fiber

Looped Domains 200 nm

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Packaging DNA

Protein scaffold

Metaphase

Chromosome

700 nm

11 nm

30 nm

200 nm

2 nm

Looped Domains

Nucleosomes

B DNA Helix

Tight helical fiber

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

GENETIKA MOLEKULAR

Watson and Crick investigated the structure of DNA, not by collecting new data but by using all available information about the chemistry of DNA to construct molecular models

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Base

Sugar

Acid

Basic Structure of Nucleic Acids

Monophosphate

Diphosphate

Triphosphate

Adenine

Guanine

Thymine

Cytosine

Uracil

Nucleoside (Adenosine)

Nucleotide (Adenosine monophosphate, AMP)

Purine

Pyrimidine

Ribose, Deoxyribose

1’

2’ 3’

4’

5’

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

DNA structural features

•Phosphodiester “backbone”

•Directional

•Antiparallel

•H-bonds

Priyambodo – Biologi Umum – Prinsip Dasar Genetika

Perbedaan antara DNA

dan RNA