Mat Lab practicals for final year

7/29/2019 Mat Lab practicals for final year

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SIES College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Nerul

GENERAL TERMS USED IN PROGRAMS OF MATLAB:-

1) WINDOW :-

SYNTAX :-

WINDOW FUNCTION GATEWAY:

WINDOW(@WNAME,N) returns an N-point window of typespecified

by the function handle @WNAME in a column vector.

WINDOW(@WNAME,N,OPT) designs the window with theoptional input argument specified in OPT. To see what theoptional input arguments are, see the help for the individual windows, forexample, KAISER or CHEBWIN.

2) FREQZ :-

SYNTAX :-

Digital filter frequency response :-

[H,W] = FREQZ(B,A,N) returns the N-point complex frequencyresponse

vector H and the N-point frequency vector W in radians/sample of the

filter:

jw -jw -jmwjw B(e) b(1) + b(2)e + .... + b(m+1)e

H(e) = ---- = ------------------------------------

jw -jw -jnwA(e) a(1) + a(2)e + .... + a(n+1)e

given numerator and denominator coefficients in vectors B and A. The

frequency response is evaluated at N points equally spaced around theupper half of the unit circle. If N isn't specified, it defaults to 512.

[H,W] = FREQZ(B,A,N,'whole') uses N points around the whole unit

circle.

3) STEM :-

SYNTAX :-

Discrete sequence or "stem" plot :-

STEM(Y) plots the data sequence Y as stems from the x axis

terminated with circles for the data value.

STEM(X,Y) plots the data sequence Y at the values specified in X.

Digital Signal Processing 1


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4) FIGURE :-

SYNTAX :-

Create figure window :-

FIGURE, by itself, creates a new figure window, and returns its handle.

FIGURE(H) makes H the current figure, forces it to becomevisible, and raises it above all other figures on the screen. If Figure H

does not exist, and H is an integer, a new figure is created with handle H.

5) ABS :-

SYNTAX :-

Absolute value :-

ABS(X) is the absolute value of the elements of X. When X iscomplex, ABS(X) is the complex modulus (magnitude) of the elements of

X.

6) ANGLE :-

SYNTAX :-

Phase angle :-

ANGLE(H) returns the phase angles, in radians, of a matrix withcomplex elements.

7) SIN :-

SYNTAX :-Sine :-

SIN(X) is the sine of the elements of X.

8) COS :-

SYNTAX :-

Cosine :-COS(X) is the cosine of the elements of X.

9) HOLD :-

SYNTAX :-

Hold current graph. HOLD ON holds the current plot and all axisproperties so that subsequent graphing commands add to the existinggraph.



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10) XLABEL :-

SYNTAX :-

X-axis label :-XLABEL('text') adds text beside the X-axis on the current axis.

11) YLABEL :-

SYNTAX:Y-axis label:

YLABEL('text') adds text beside the Y-axis on the current axis.

12) INPUT :-

SYNTAX :-

Prompt for user input :-

R = INPUT('How many apples') gives the user the prompt in the textstring and then waits for input from the keyboard.The input can be any

MATLAB expression, which is evaluated, using the variables in the currentworkspace, and the result returned in R. If the user presses the returnkey without entering anything, INPUT returns an empty matrix.

13) AXIS :-

SYNTAX :-Control axis scaling and appearance :-

AXIS([XMIN XMAX YMIN YMAX]) sets scaling for the x- and y-axes onthe current plot.AXIS([XMIN XMAX YMIN YMAX ZMIN ZMAX]) sets the scaling for thex-, y- and z-axes on the current 3-D plot.

AXIS([XMIN XMAX YMIN YMAX ZMIN ZMAX CMIN CMAX]) sets thescaling for the x-, y-, z-axes and color scaling limits on the current axis .

14) CONV :-

SYNTAX :-

Convolution and polynomial multiplication :-

C = CONV(A, B) convolves vectors A and B. The resulting vector islength LENGTH(A)+LENGTH(B)-1.

If A and B are vectors of polynomial coefficients, convolving them

is equivalent to multiplying the two polynomials.

15) SUBPLOT:-



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SYNTAX :-

Create axes in tiled positions :-.H = SUBPLOT(m,n,p), or SUBPLOT(mnp), breaks the Figure windowinto an m-by-n matrix of small axes, selects the p-th axes for the current

plot, and returns the axis handle. The axes are counted along the top

row of the Figure window, then the second row, etc. For example,

SUBPLOT(2,1,1), PLOT(income)SUBPLOT(2,1,2), PLOT(outgo)

16) FIR1 :-

SYNTAX :-

FIR filter design using the window method :-

B = FIR1(N,Wn) designs an N'th order lowpass FIR digital filter andreturns the filter coefficients in length N+1 vector B.The cut-off frequencyWn must be between 0 < Wn < 1.0, with 1.0 corresponding to half thesample rate. The filter B is real and has linear phase.The normalized gain

of the filter at Wn is -6 dB.

B = FIR1(N,Wn,'high') designs an N'th order highpass filter.You can also use B = FIR1(N,Wn,'low') to design a lowpass filter.

If Wn is a two-element vector, Wn = [W1 W2], FIR1 returns an

order N bandpass filter with passband W1 < W < W2. You can also

specify B = FIR1(N,Wn,'bandpass'). If Wn = [W1 W2],B = FIR1(N,Wn,'stop') will design a bandstop filter.

If Wn is a multi-element vector, Wn = [W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 ... WN],FIR1 returns an order N multiband filter with bands 0 < W < W1, W1 2^ielse

disp('Not a proper number') ;break ;

end ;end ;



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Output :-

Enter Length Of FFT : - 8Input The Sequence [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]FFT Sequence

Columns 1 through 6

36.0000 -4.0000 + 9.6569i -4.0000 + 4.0000i -4.0000 +1.6569i -4.0000-4.0000 - 1.6569i

Columns 7 through 8

-4.0000 - 4.0000i -4.0000 - 9.6569i

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

2

4

6

8

n---->

Amplitude---->

Original Signal

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40-10

-5

0

5

10

n---->

Amplitu

de---->

FFT Signal



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PRACTICAL 14

Radix 2 DIT FFT Algorithm

Problem Statement :-

Write a program in MATLAB to implement Radix2 Decimation In

Time (DIT) FFT Algorithm.

(MATLAB) Functions used:

Y = fft(X)

Returns the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of vector X computed with aFast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm.

Source Code:

% RADIX-2 DIT FFT ALGORITHM

clc ;clear all ;close all ;

format short ;

N = input('Please enter the length of the input sequence : ') ;for i = 1:N+1

if N == 2^ix = input('Please enter the input sequence : ') ;

y = bitrevorder(x) ;

Z = fft(y,N) ;disp('Input Sequence After Reversal') ;disp(y) ;disp('FFT Sequence') ;disp(Z) ;

subplot(2,1,1) ;stem(x) ;

xlabel('N') ;ylabel('Amplitude') ;

title('Input Sequence') ;subplot(2,1,2) ;stem(Z) ;xlabel('N') ;

ylabel('Amplitude') ;title('FFT of the Input Sequence') ;break ;

elseif N > 2^i

elsedisp('Not a proper number') ;

break ;

end ;end;



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Output :-

Enter Length Of FFT : - 8Input The Sequence [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]

1 5 3 7 2 6 4 8

FFT SequenceColumns 1 through 6

36.0000 -4.0000 + 9.6569i -4.0000 + 4.0000i -4.0000 +1.6569i -4.0000 -4.0000 - 1.6569i

Columns 7 through 8

-4.0000 - 4.0000i -4.0000 - 9.6569i

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

2

4

6

8

n---->

Amplitude---->

Original Signal

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40-10

-5

0

5

10

n---->

Amplitude---->

FFTSignal



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PRACTICAL-15

%POWER SPECTRUM

clc;

clear all;

close all;t=0:0.01:0.5;d=randn(size(t));f=input('enter the freq.');x1=cos(2*pi*f*t)+randn(size(t));

x=x1+d(1,:);subplot(3,1,1)

spectrum(x1)subplot(3,1,2)spectrum(x)subplot(3,1,3)

spectrum(d(1,:))



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Output :-



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PRACTICAL-16

%REMEZ ALGORITHM

clc;

clear all;close all;

F=input('enter the freq edges');A=input('amplitude');

N=input('order of filter');B=remez(N,F,A);

[H,w]=freqz(B,1,N+1);



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hm=abs(H);n=0:1:N;

stem(n,hm);

Output :-



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PRACTICAL -17

%TWO DIMENSIONAL LINEAR CONVOLUTION



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clc;

close all;clear all;xn=input('Enter 1st sequence');hn=input('Enter 2nd sequence');

yn=conv2(xn,hn)

subplot(3,1,1)stem(xn);title('Input Sequence')subplot(3,1,2)stem(hn);

title('Input Response')subplot(3,1,3)

stem(yn);title('Output Sequence')

Output :-



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PRACTICAL-18



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%Program for 1-Dimensional

clc;close all;clear all;xn=input('Enter the 1st sequence');

hn=input('Enter the 2nd sequence');

a=length(xn);n=-a+1:1:a-1;b=length(hn);c=max(a,b);n1=-c+1:1:c-1;

ra=xcorr(xn)rc=xcorr(xn,hn)

subplot(2,1,1)plot(n,ra,'g');title('Auto correlation of xn');subplot(2,1,2)

plot(n,rc,'m');title('Cross correlation of xn and hn');

%Program for 2-Dimensional

clc;close all;clear all;xn=input('Enter 1st sequence');

hn=input('Enter 2nd sequence');

ra=xcorr2(xn)rc=xcorr2(xn,hn)

Output :-



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PRACTICAL-19

%STABILITY



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clc;

clear all;close all;xn=input('enter input seq.');hn=input('enter impulse response');

yn=conv(xn,hn)

d=sum(yn)if d


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PRACTICAL-20



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%Bit Reversal Algorithm

clc;close all;clear all

x=input('enter the seq');

x0=x(1,1);x1=x(1,2);x2=x(1,3);x3=x(1,4);X0=x0+x1+x2+x3;

X1=x0-x1*j-x2+x3*j;X2=x0-x1+x2-x3;

X3=x0+x1*j-x2-x3*j;Xk=[X0 X1 X2 X3];x=[0:3][y,I]=bitrevorder(x)

a=dec2bin(x)b=dec2bin(y)p=sprintf('%s%s%s%s\n','[linear index]','[bits]','[bitreve]','[index]');disp(p);

s=sprintf('%d\t%d%d\t%d%d\t%d',x(1:1),a(1,:),b(1,:),I(1:1));disp(s);

Output :-



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Mat Lab practicals for final year

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