Mastering NT Greek 23. Subjecting the Subjunctives By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic.

Mastering NT GreekMastering NT Greek

23. Subjecting the Subjunctives23. Subjecting the Subjunctives

By Ted Hildebrandt By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003© 2003

Baker AcademicBaker Academic

Warm-upsWarm-ups

Rapping the Lord’s PrayerRapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoij:ou]ranoij: father our the one in heaven father our the one in heaven

a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou make holy name yourmake holy name your

e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom yourlet come kingdom your

genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, let be will your let be will your


w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: gh?j: as in heaven also on earthas in heaven also on earth

to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread ourthe bread our

e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron:sh<meron: daily give us todaydaily give us today


kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata h[mw?n:o]feilh<mata h[mw?n: and forgive us trespasses ourand forgive us trespasses our

w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven as also we have forgiven

toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us the ones trespassing us


kai> mh> ei]sene<gk^j kai> mh> ei]sene<gk^j h[ma?jh[ma?j and do not lead us and do not lead us

ei]j peirasmo<nei]j peirasmo<n into temptation into temptation

a]lla> r[u?sai h[ma?j a]po> a]lla> r[u?sai h[ma?j a]po> but deliver us frombut deliver us from

tou? ponhrou? tou? ponhrou? the evil onethe evil one

Infintives Endings to ChantInfintives Endings to Chant

Present: Present: ein esqai ein esqai Second Aorist: Second Aorist: ei?n esqai ei?n esqai

h?nai h?nai First Aorist: First Aorist: ai asqai ai asqai

h?nai h?nai Perfect: Perfect: nai sqai nai sqai

Chanting the PA and PM/P Ptc Chanting the PA and PM/P Ptc

Present Active: (chant)Present Active: (chant) Nom. Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?onlu<wn lu<ousa lu?on

Gen. Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojlu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Present Middle/Passive (non-chant)Present Middle/Passive (non-chant) Nom. Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menoj luome<nh

luo<menonluo<menonGen. Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nouluome<nou

Forms to Chant toForms to Chant to

First Aorist Active 3-1-3 (chant)First Aorist Active 3-1-3 (chant) Nom. Nom. lu<saj lu<sasa lu?sanlu<saj lu<sasa lu?san

Gen. Gen. lu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santojlu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santoj First Aorist Middle 2-1-2 (non-chant)First Aorist Middle 2-1-2 (non-chant) Nom. Nom. lusa<menoj lusame<nh lusa<menoj lusame<nh

lusa<menonlusa<menonGen. Gen. lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<noulusame<nou

Forms to Chant toForms to Chant to

First Aorist Passive 3-1-3 (chant)First Aorist Passive 3-1-3 (chant) Nom. Nom. luqei<j luqei?sa luqei<j luqei?sa

luqe<nluqe<nGen. Gen. luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntojluqe<ntoj

Present Active Indicative VerbsPresent Active Indicative Verbs I loose / am loosing I loose / am loosing

lu<w lu<w lu<omenlu<omen lu<eij lu<eij lu<etelu<ete lu<ei lu<ei lu<ousi(n)lu<ousi(n)

Present Middle/Passive IndicativePresent Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai, lu<omai, -o<meqa, -o<meqa,

-^, -esqe, -^, -esqe,

-etai, -ontai-etai, -ontai

I loose myself, I am loosedI loose myself, I am loosed

Shape of the Future in GreekShape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw lu<sw lu<somenlu<somenI will loose I will loose We will looseWe will loose

lu<seij lu<seij lu<setelu<seteYou will loose You will loose You all will looseYou all will loose

lu<sei lu<sei lu<sousi(n)lu<sousi(n)He/she/it will loose He/she/it will loose They will looseThey will loose

Future Middle ParadigmFuture Middle Paradigm

lu<somai --omeqalu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --^ --esqe --etai --ontai --etai --ontai

I will loose for myselfI will loose for myself

2-1-2 Paradigms2-1-2 Paradigms

2 1 2 2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<ni[ero<n

lo<gou grafh?j lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?i[erou?lo<g& graf^? lo<g& graf^? i[er&?i[er&?lo<gon grafh<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<ni[ero<nlo<goi grafai< lo<goi grafai< i[era<i[era<lo<gwn grafw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?ni[erw?nlo<goij grafai?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?ji[eroi?jlo<gouj grafa<j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<i[era<

33rdrd Declension Chantables Declension Chantables

xari<j o@noma, pi<stijxari<j o@noma, pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<steixa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<rita o@noma pi<stinxa<rita o@noma pi<stin xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steijxa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xari<twn o]noma<twn xari<twn o]noma<twn

pi<stewnpi<stewn xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n)

pi<stesi(n)pi<stesi(n) xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij

SubjunctivesSubjunctives

IntroductionIntroduction

Verbal Moods: Indicative, Subjunctive, Verbal Moods: Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, OptativeImperative, Optative

Indicative:Indicative: statement portrayed as fact statement portrayed as fact moodmood– King Kong climbed the Empire State King Kong climbed the Empire State

building. [Zach shot the ball.]building. [Zach shot the ball.] Subjunctive: Subjunctive: possibility "may" or possibility "may" or

"might“, contingency, doubt, uncertainty"might“, contingency, doubt, uncertaintyby reason of futurityby reason of futurity– Zach may shoot the ball.Zach may shoot the ball.

IntroductionIntroduction

Imperative:Imperative: command (expectation) command (expectation)– Zach, shoot the ball!Zach, shoot the ball!

Optative:Optative: hoped for, wish hoped for, wish– Oh that Zach would shoot the ball.Oh that Zach would shoot the ball.

SubjunctivesSubjunctives

Tense: only in present and aoristTense: only in present and aorist [ [oi]da< oi]da< (Perf.) will appear in the(Perf.) will appear in the Subjunctive but its rare.] Subjunctive but its rare.]

Aspect not tense: Aspect not tense: – In progress, unfolding, immediacy, details, In progress, unfolding, immediacy, details,

foregrounded (present)foregrounded (present)– Whole/complete/background (aorist)Whole/complete/background (aorist)

Time of subjunctive dependent on main Time of subjunctive dependent on main verb or context (temporal particles)verb or context (temporal particles)

FormForm Uses primary endings: Uses primary endings:

– Active: Active: w, eij, ei, omen...w, eij, ei, omen...– Passive: Passive: mai, ^, etai, omeqa ... mai, ^, etai, omeqa ...

The trick: the connecting vowel is The trick: the connecting vowel is lengthened o to lengthened o to w; e tow; e to hh

Present: Present: lu + w + men = lu<wmenlu + w + men = lu<wmen– we may continue to loosewe may continue to loose

Aorist:Aorist: lu + s + w + men = lu + s + w + men = lu<swmenlu<swmen– we may loosewe may loose

Present Active (process, Present Active (process, immediacy, foregrounding)immediacy, foregrounding)

Active Singular PluralActive Singular Plural 1 1 lu<w lu<wmenlu<w lu<wmen

2 lu<^j lu<hte 2 lu<^j lu<hte 3 lu<^ 3 lu<^ lu<wsi(n)lu<wsi(n)

I may continue loosing (may be loosing)I may continue loosing (may be loosing)You may continue loosingYou may continue loosing

Present Mid/Passive (process, Present Mid/Passive (process, immediacy, foregrounding)immediacy, foregrounding)

Mid/Pas Singular PluralMid/Pas Singular Plural 1 1 lu<wmai lu<wmai

luw<meqaluw<meqa 2 lu<^ 2 lu<^ lu<hsqelu<hsqe 3 lu<htai 3 lu<htai lu<wntai lu<wntai

I may continue to be loosedI may continue to be loosedYou may continue to be loosedYou may continue to be loosed

Aorist Active (whole, complete, Aorist Active (whole, complete, background)background)

Active Singular PluralActive Singular Plural 1 1 lu<sw lu<swmenlu<sw lu<swmen

2 lu<s^j lu<shte 2 lu<s^j lu<shte 3 lu<s^ 3 lu<s^ lu<swsi(n)lu<swsi(n)

I may looseI may looseYou may looseYou may loose

Compare future form. What is relation of Compare future form. What is relation of subj. and future? subj. and future?

Aorist Middle (whole, complete, Aorist Middle (whole, complete, background)background)

Mid Singular PluralMid Singular Plural 1 1 lu<swmai lu<swmai

lusw<meqalusw<meqa 2 lu<s^ 2 lu<s^ lu<shsqelu<shsqe 3 lu<shtai 3 lu<shtai lu<swntai lu<swntai

I may loose (myself)I may loose (myself)You may loose (yourself)You may loose (yourself)

Aorist Passive (whole, complete, Aorist Passive (whole, complete, background)background)

Passive Singular PluralPassive Singular Plural 1 1 luqw? luqw?menluqw? luqw?men

2 luq^?j luqh?te 2 luq^?j luqh?te 3 luq^? luqw? 3 luq^? luqw?si(n)si(n)

I may be loosedI may be loosedYou may be loosedYou may be loosed

Second Aorist Active Second Aorist Active ((lei<pw = lei<pw = I leave)I leave)

Active Singular PluralActive Singular Plural 1 1 li<pw li<pw

li<pwmenli<pwmen 2 li<p^j 2 li<p^j li<phteli<phte 3 li<p^ 3 li<p^ li<pwsi(n) li<pwsi(n)

I may leaveI may leaveYou may leaveYou may leave

Subjunctivizing Subjunctivizing ei]mi<ei]mi<

Active Singular PluralActive Singular Plural 1 1 w# w#menw# w#men

2 h#j h#te 2 h#j h#te

3 ^# 3 ^# w#si(n)w#si(n)

I may beI may beYou may beYou may be

Subjunctive ChantSubjunctive Chant

Present Active Subj. Present Active Subj. lu<w, lu^j, lu^, lu<w, lu^j, lu^, lu<wmen, lu<hte, lu<wsi(n)lu<wmen, lu<hte, lu<wsi(n)

Present Mid./Pass. Subj.Present Mid./Pass. Subj. lu<wmai, lu<wmai, -^, htai, -wmeqa, -hsqe, -^, htai, -wmeqa, -hsqe, -wntai-wntai

Four Subjunctive TriggersFour Subjunctive Triggers

i!na = i!na = in order that + Subjunctive in order that + Subjunctive (o!(o!pwj)pwj)

e]a<n = e]a<n = if/when + Subjunctiveif/when + Subjunctive o!j a@n = o!j a@n = whoever + Subjunctivewhoever + Subjunctive e!wj = e!wj = until + Subjunctiveuntil + Subjunctive Hint: whenever you see a Hint: whenever you see a i!na i!na look for look for

a subjunctive following it. a subjunctive following it.

Four Functions of SubjunctivesFour Functions of Subjunctives

Hortatory subjunctive:Hortatory subjunctive: "Let us, let me" "Let us, let me"– Requires first person: me, weRequires first person: me, we– Let us go, let us prayLet us go, let us pray

Subordinate purpose/result clause: Subordinate purpose/result clause: – in order that he might run in order that he might run

Prohibitive SubjunctiveProhibitive Subjunctive– Lead us not into temptationLead us not into temptation

Four Functions of SubjunctivesFour Functions of Subjunctives

Deliberative subjunctive: Deliberative subjunctive: rhetorical rhetorical device not wanting an answerdevice not wanting an answer– What shall I say to you? What shall I say to you?

Four Types of ConditionalsFour Types of Conditionals

1) 1) Reality:Reality: if (since) you come, then I if (since) you come, then I will...will...– ei] + ei] + Indicative verbIndicative verb

2) 2) Contrary to fact:Contrary to fact: "If you had come he "If you had come he would not have died (but you didn’t)"would not have died (but you didn’t)"– ei] + ei] + indicativeindicative + a@n + + a@n + indicativeindicative

3) 3) Probability: Probability: if you come then you are if you come then you are my friend (but you have not yet)my friend (but you have not yet)– e]a<n + e]a<n + SubjunctiveSubjunctive

Four Types of ConditionalsFour Types of Conditionals

4) 4) Possibility:Possibility: ei] + ei] + Optative (if you Optative (if you should suffer)should suffer)

OptativesOptatives

Mood of wish -- 67 in NTMood of wish -- 67 in NT Characterized by an internal addition of: Characterized by an internal addition of:

oi, ai,oi, ai, or or eiei internal connector. internal connector. ge<noitoge<noito -- Aorist of -- Aorist of gi<nomai -- gi<nomai -- may may

it beit be dunai<mhn -- dunai<mhn -- Present dep. 1s -- Oh that Present dep. 1s -- Oh that

I would be able to ...I would be able to ... e@xoiene@xoien -- Present 3 Pl -- Oh that they -- Present 3 Pl -- Oh that they

would havewould have

Negative Rhetorical QuestionsNegative Rhetorical Questions

ou] ou] implies a "yes" answer implies a "yes" answer Elliott, you are going to study tonight, Elliott, you are going to study tonight, aren't you? -- yes, of course aren't you? -- yes, of course

mh< mh< implies a "no" answer (may = nay).implies a "no" answer (may = nay). "You are not going to study are you? "You are not going to study are you? -- no most likely not -- no most likely not

Chapter 23 VocabularyChapter 23 Vocabulary a@gwa@gw

– I lead, bringI lead, bring

Chapter 23 VocabularyChapter 23 Vocabulary

a]polu<wa]polu<w

– I set freeI set free


ei@teei@te if, whetherif, whether


e]ntolh<, -h?j, h[e]ntolh<, -h?j, h[

– commandmentcommandment

Chapter 23 VocabularyChapter 23 Vocabulary karpo<j, -ou?, o[karpo<j, -ou?, o[

– fruitfruit


pisto<j, -h<, -o<npisto<j, -h<, -o<n

– faithfulfaithful


presbu<teroj, -a, -onpresbu<teroj, -a, -on

– elderelder


r[h?ma, -atoj, to<r[h?ma, -atoj, to<

wordword

Vocabulary Ch. 23Vocabulary Ch. 23

sa<bbaton, -ou, to<sa<bbaton, -ou, to<

– SabbathSabbath


fe<rwfe<rw

– I bear, carryI bear, carry

Vocabulary ReviewVocabulary Review

Chapter 18 VocabularyChapter 18 Vocabulary genna<w genna<w I beget I beget dikaiosu<nh, -hj, h[ dikaiosu<nh, -hj, h[ righteousnessrighteousness e]a<n e]a<n if, when if, when ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ peace peace oi#da oi#da I know I know

Chapter 18 VocabularyChapter 18 Vocabulary oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ house house o[ra<w o[ra<w I see I see peripate<w peripate<w I walk I walk pw?j pw?j how? how? fobe<omai fobe<omai I fear I fear

Chapter 17 VocabularyChapter 17 Vocabulary ei] ei]

– if, that if, that e]sqi<w e]sqi<w

– I eat I eat za<w za<w

– I live I live zhte<w zhte<w

– I seek I seek h@ h@

– or, either or, either

Chapter 17 VocabularyChapter 17 Vocabulary kale<w kale<w

– I call I call lale<w lale<w

– I speak, say I speak, say parakale<w parakale<w

– I urge, exhort I urge, exhort plhro<w plhro<w

– I fill, complete I fill, complete poie<w poie<w

– I do, make I do, make

Chapter 16 VocabularyChapter 16 Vocabulary ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[ ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[

– age, eternity age, eternity a]llh<lwn a]llh<lwn

– one another one another a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[ a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[

– high priest high priest gunh<, -aiko<j, h[ gunh<, -aiko<j, h[

– woman woman du<namai du<namai

– I can, am able I can, am able

Chapter 16 VocabularyChapter 16 Vocabulary e@qnoj, -ouj, to< e@qnoj, -ouj, to<

– nation nation o!soj, -h, -on o!soj, -h, -on

– as great as as great as po<lij, -ewj, h[ po<lij, -ewj, h[

– city city te te

– and, and so and, and so xei<r, xeiro<j, h[ xei<r, xeiro<j, h[

– hand hand

Chapter 15 VocabularyChapter 15 Vocabulary a@lloj, -h, -oa@lloj, -h, -o

»other other a@rtoj, -ou, o[a@rtoj, -ou, o[

»breadbread dei?dei?

» it is necessaryit is necessary e]cousi<a, -aj, h[e]cousi<a, -aj, h[

»authority authority e!teroj, -a, -one!teroj, -a, -on

»different different

Chapter 15 Chapter 15 VocabularyVocabulary

e@tie@ti»yet, still yet, still

o]fqalmo<j, -ou?, o[ o]fqalmo<j, -ou?, o[ »eyeeye

te<knon, -ou, to<te<knon, -ou, to<»child child

to<poj, -ou, o[ to<poj, -ou, o[ »place place

fw?j, fwto<j, to< fw?j, fwto<j, to< » light light

Chapter 14 VocabularyChapter 14 Vocabulary ai$ma, -matoj, to< ai$ma, -matoj, to<

– blood blood ai@rw ai@rw

– I raise, take up I raise, take up dida<skw dida<skw

– I teach I teach i@dioj, -a, -on i@dioj, -a, -on

– one's own one's own kalo<j, -h<, -o<n kalo<j, -h<, -o<n

– good good

Chapter 14 VocabularyChapter 14 Vocabulary me<llw me<llw

– I am about to, intend I am about to, intend o[do<j, -ou?, h[ o[do<j, -ou?, h[

– way way polu<j, pollh<, polu< polu<j, pollh<, polu<

– much, many much, many sw?ma, -matoj, to< sw?ma, -matoj, to<

– body body yuxh<, -h?j, h[ yuxh<, -h?j, h[

– soul, life soul, life

Body/soul; mind/brainBody/soul; mind/brain

28 28 kai> mh> fobhqh?te a]po> kai> mh> fobhqh?te a]po> tw?n a]pokteino<ntwn to> sw?tw?n a]pokteino<ntwn to> sw?ma th>n de> yuxh>n mh> ma th>n de> yuxh>n mh> duname<nwn a]poktei?nai: duname<nwn a]poktei?nai:

fobei?sqe de> ma?llon to>n fobei?sqe de> ma?llon to>n duna<menon kai> yuxh>n duna<menon kai> yuxh>n kai> sw?ma a]pole<sai kai> sw?ma a]pole<sai [to [to destroydestroy a]pollumi a]pollumi] ] e]n gee<nn^e]n gee<nn^

Mastering NT Greek 23. Subjecting the Subjunctives By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic.

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Transcript of Mastering NT Greek 23. Subjecting the Subjunctives By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic.