Mastering NT Greek 20. Aorist Participles By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic.
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Transcript of Mastering NT Greek 20. Aorist Participles By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic.
Mastering NT Greek
20. Aorist Participles20. Aorist Participles
By Ted Hildebrandt By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003© 2003
Baker AcademicBaker Academic
Rapping the Lord’s Prayer
Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j:ou]ranoi?j: father our the one in heaven father our the one in heaven
a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou
make holy name your make holy name your
e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom your let come kingdom your
genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, sou, let be will your let be will your
Rapping the Lord’s Prayer
w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: gh?j: as in heaven also on earthas in heaven also on earth
to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread ourthe bread our
e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron:sh<meron: daily give us todaydaily give us today
Rapping the Lord’s Prayer
kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata h[mw?n:o]feilh<mata h[mw?n: and forgive us trespasses ourand forgive us trespasses our
w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven as also we have forgiven
toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us the ones trespassing us
Rapping the Lord’s Prayer
kai> mh> ei]sene<gk^j kai> mh> ei]sene<gk^j h[ma?jh[ma?j and do not lead us and do not lead us
ei]j peirasmo<nei]j peirasmo<n into temptation into temptation
a]lla> r[u?sai h[ma?j a]po> a]lla> r[u?sai h[ma?j a]po> but deliver use frombut deliver use from
tou? ponhrou? tou? ponhrou? the evil onethe evil one
2-1-2 Noun Forms 2 1 2 2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<ni[ero<n
lo<gou grafh?j lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?i[erou?lo<g& graf^? lo<g& graf^? i[er&?i[er&?lo<gon grafh<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<ni[ero<nlo<goi grafai< lo<goi grafai< i[era<i[era<lo<gwn grafw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?ni[erw?nlo<goij grafai?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?ji[eroi?jlo<gouj grafa<j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<i[era<
3rd Declension Chantables
xari<j o@noma, pi<stijxari<j o@noma, pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<steixa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<rita o@noma pi<stinxa<rita o@noma pi<stin xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steijxa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xari<twn o]noma<twn xari<twn o]noma<twn
pi<stewnpi<stewn xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n)
pi<stesi(n)pi<stesi(n) xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij
Present Active Indicative Verbs
lu<w lu<w lu<omenlu<omen lu<eij lu<eij lu<etelu<ete lu<ei lu<ei lu<ousi(n)lu<ousi(n)
Present Middle/Passive Indicative
lu<omai, lu<omai, -o<meqa, -o<meqa,
-^, -esqe, -^, -esqe,
-etai, -ontai-etai, -ontai
Shape of the Future in Greek
lu<sw lu<somenlu<sw lu<somenI will loose I will loose We will looseWe will loose
lu<seij lu<seij lu<setelu<seteYou will loose You will loose You all will looseYou all will loose
lu<sei lu<sei lu<sousi(n)lu<sousi(n)He/she/it will loose He/she/it will loose They will looseThey will loose
Future Middle Paradigm
lu<somai --omeqalu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --^ --esqe --etai --ontai --etai --ontai
Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<w
e@luon e@luon I was loosing I was loosing e@luon e]lu<omen e@luon e]lu<omen e@luej e]lu<ete e@luej e]lu<ete
e@lue(n) e@luone@lue(n) e@luon Chant: Chant: e@luon e@luon: : n s e men n s e men
te nte n
Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w
e]luo<mhn e]luo<mhn I was being loosed I was being loosed e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa
e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<eto e]lu<onto e]lu<eto e]lu<onto
Chant: Chant: e]luo<mhne]luo<mhn:: ou eto omeqa esqe onto ou eto omeqa esqe onto
Second Aorist Active Paradigm
e@labon (lamba<nw) e@labon (lamba<nw) I took I took
1 e@labon e]la<bomen1 e@labon e]la<bomen2 e@labej e]la<bete2 e@labej e]la<bete3 e@labe(n) e@labon 3 e@labe(n) e@labon
ChantChant: : e@labon e@labon n, s, e, men, te, nn, s, e, men, te, n
Second Aorist Middle
e]geno<mhn e]geno<mhn I becameI became (gi<nomai)(gi<nomai)
1 e]geno<mhn 1 e]geno<mhn e]geno<meqa e]geno<meqa 2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqe2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqe3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto 3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto
Chant: Chant: e]geno<mhn e]geno<mhn ou, eto, omeqa, esqe, onto ou, eto, omeqa, esqe, onto
1st Aorist Active Paradigm
e@lusa e@lusa I loosed I loosed
e@lusa e@lusa e]lu<samene]lu<samene@lusaj e]lu<sate e@lusaj e]lu<sate e@luse(n) e@lusan e@luse(n) e@lusan
Chant: Chant: e@lusae@lusa --, --, s, e, men, te, ns, e, men, te, n
1st Aorist Middle Paradigm
e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<mhn I loosed (for myself)I loosed (for myself) e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqae]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqa
e@lusw e]lu<sasqe e@lusw e]lu<sasqe e@lusato e@lusanto e@lusato e@lusanto
Chant: Chant: e]lusa<mhne]lusa<mhn: : w, ato, ameqa, asqe, antow, ato, ameqa, asqe, anto
First Aorist Passives
e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhn I was loosedI was loosed 1 1 e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen
2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte 2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte 3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsan3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsan
Learn: Learn: e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhn n, s, --, men, te, san n, s, --, men, te, san
Future Passive
luqh<somai luqh<somai I will be loosedI will be loosed 1. 1. luqh<somai luqhso<meqaluqh<somai luqhso<meqa 2. 2. luqh<s^ luqh<sesqeluqh<s^ luqh<sesqe 3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai Chant: Chant: luqh<somai – luqh<somai – ^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ^, etai, omeqa, esqe,
ontaiontai
Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know
o[ra<w == ei#don o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) (I saw) – – ble<pw ble<pw
e@rxomai == h#lqon e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) (I came, went) le<gw == ei#pon le<gw == ei#pon (I said) (I said) ba<llw == e@balon ba<llw == e@balon (I threw) (I threw) gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became) (I became) ginw<skw == e@gnwn ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew)(I knew) eu[ri<skw == eu$ron eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found) (I found) e@xw == e@sxon e@xw == e@sxon ( I had) ( I had) lamba<nw == e@labon lamba<nw == e@labon (I took) (I took)
The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi<
ei]mi< ei]mi< I am I am e]sme<n e]sme<n We areWe are
ei# ei# You areYou are e]ste< e]ste< You areYou are
e]sti<(n) e]sti<(n) He/she/it isHe/she/it is ei]si<(n) ei]si<(n) They areThey are
The "was" verb IAI -- ei]mi<
h@mhn h@mhn I was I was h#men h#men We wereWe were
h#j h#j You wereYou were h#te h#te You wereYou were
h#n h#n He/she/it wasHe/she/it was h#san h#san They wereThey were
Person Personal Pronoun Chant
Singular PluralSingular Plural NomNom. . e]gw< su < e]gw< su < h[mei?j h[mei?j GenGen. . mou mou sou sou h[mw?n h[mw?n
DatDat. . moi soi moi soi h[mi?n h[mi?n AccAcc. . me se me se h[ma<j h[ma<j
au]to<j, au]th, au]to< au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it)(he, she, it)
Chanting the PA and PM/P Ptc
Present Active: (chant)Present Active: (chant) Nom. Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?onlu<wn lu<ousa lu?on
Gen. Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojlu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Present Middle/Passive (non-chant)Present Middle/Passive (non-chant) Nom. Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menoj luome<nh
luo<menonluo<menonGen. Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nouluome<nou
Present Active Ptc Paradigm 3 1 3 3 1 3 Singular Masc Fem NeutSingular Masc Fem Neut NomNom. . lu<wn lu<ousa lu?onlu<wn lu<ousa lu?on
GenGen. . lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojlu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojDatDat. . lu<onti lu<ous^ lu<ontilu<onti lu<ous^ lu<ontiAccAcc. . lu<onta lu<ousan lu?onlu<onta lu<ousan lu?on
3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing (Subst.), while loosing (Adv) (Subst.), while loosing (Adv)
Present Active Ptc Paradigm
3 1 3 3 1 3 Plural Masc Fem NeutPlural Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. lu<ontej lu<ousai lu<ontalu<ontej lu<ousai lu<onta
Gen. Gen. luo<ntwn lu<ousw?n luo<ntwn lu<ousw?n luo<ntwnluo<ntwnDat. Dat. lu<ousi(n) luou<saij lu<ousi(n) luou<saij lu<ousi(n)lu<ousi(n)Acc. Acc. lu<ontaj luou<saj lu<ontalu<ontaj luou<saj lu<onta
Present Middle/Passive Ptc
3 1 3 3 1 3 Singular Masc Fem NeutSingular Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menoj luome<nh
luo<menonluo<menonGen. Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nouluome<nouDat. Dat. luome<n& luome<n^ luome<n& luome<n^ luome<n&luome<n&Acc. Acc. luo<menon luome<nhn luo<menon luome<nhn luo<menonluo<menon
3 uses: being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed 3 uses: being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)(Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)
Present Middle/Passive Ptc
3 1 3 3 1 3 Plural Masc Fem NeutPlural Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. luo<menoi luo<menai luo<menoi luo<menai
luo<menaluo<menaGen. Gen. luome<nwn luome<nwn luome<nwn luome<nwn luome<nwnluome<nwnDat. Dat. luome<noij luome<naij luome<noij luome<naij luome<noijluome<noijAcc. Acc. luome<nouj luome<naj luome<nouj luome<naj luo<menaluo<mena
Introduction: Aorist Ptc.
Present Participles = continuous actionPresent Participles = continuous action Aorist Participles = complete/wholistic Aorist Participles = complete/wholistic
actionaction Aorist means it just states that the action Aorist means it just states that the action
took place took place
3 Usages of the Participle
Adjective:Adjective: modifies a noun "The woman modifies a noun "The woman who satwho sat on the right“ on the right“ Note the use of a past tense verb rather Note the use of a past tense verb rather
than an –ing verb “the boy than an –ing verb “the boy who camewho came, , was the first choice”was the first choice”
Adverb:Adverb: " "After running up the hillAfter running up the hill, she , she sat"sat"
Substantive:Substantive: "The "The one who satone who sat there there was"was"
Participles and time
Aorist participles time is relative to the Aorist participles time is relative to the main verb. The action of the aorist main verb. The action of the aorist participle takes place prior/before the participle takes place prior/before the action of the main verb. "After action of the main verb. "After speaking, he went his way."speaking, he went his way."
Aorist may also describe attendant Aorist may also describe attendant circumstances. circumstances.
Participle Voice
ActiveActive: word the participle modifies does : word the participle modifies does the action -- The man the action -- The man who ranwho ran to the to the store was the first to comestore was the first to come
MiddleMiddle: self-interest -- : self-interest -- After freeing After freeing himself,himself, he ran to the store. he ran to the store.
PassivePassive: Receives the action of the : Receives the action of the participle -- The boy participle -- The boy who was stungwho was stung by by the bees ranthe bees ran
First Aorist Active Participle Formation
Masculine/Neuter (participles NO AUGMENT)Masculine/Neuter (participles NO AUGMENT) Stem Aor. Ptc + 3rd Decl.Stem Aor. Ptc + 3rd Decl.
lu + sa + nt + oj = lu + sa + nt + oj = lu<santojlu<santoj
FeminineFeminine Stem Aor Ptc Stem Aor Ptc s s + 1st Decl+ 1st Decl
lu + sa + s + hj = lu + sa + s + hj = lusa<shjlusa<shj
First Aorist Active Ptc 3 1 3 3 1 3 Singular Masc Fem NeutSingular Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. lu<saj lu<sasa lu?san lu<saj lu<sasa lu?san
Gen. Gen. lu<santoj lu<sashj lu<santoj lu<santoj lu<sashj lu<santoj Dat. Dat. lu<santi lusa<s^ lu<santi lu<santi lusa<s^ lu<santi
Acc. Acc. lu<santa lu<sasan lu?san lu<santa lu<sasan lu?san 3 uses: who loosed (Adj.), after loosing (Adv.), one 3 uses: who loosed (Adj.), after loosing (Adv.), one
who loosed (Subst.), who loosed (Subst.),
First Aorist Active Ptc
3 1 3 3 1 3 Plural Masc Fem NeutPlural Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. lu<santej lu<sasai lu<santa lu<santej lu<sasai lu<santa
Gen. Gen. lusa<ntwn lusasw?n lusa<ntwn lusasw?n lusa<ntwn lusa<ntwn Dat. Dat. lu<sasi(n) lusa<saij lu<sasi(n) lusa<saij lu<sasi(n) lu<sasi(n) Acc. Acc. lu<santaj lusa<saj lu<santa lu<santaj lusa<saj lu<santa
3 uses: who loosed (Adj.), after loosing (Adv.),3 uses: who loosed (Adj.), after loosing (Adv.), one who loosed (Subst.) one who loosed (Subst.)
First Aorist Middle Formation
Masculine/NeuterMasculine/Neuter Stem Aor. Ptc + 2rd Decl.Stem Aor. Ptc + 2rd Decl.
lu + sa + men + oj = lu + sa + men + oj = lu<samenojlu<samenoj
FeminineFeminine Stem Aor. Ptc + 1rd Decl.Stem Aor. Ptc + 1rd Decl.
lu + sa + men + h = lu + sa + men + h = lu<samenhlu<samenh
First Aorist Middle Ptc
2 1 2 2 1 2 Singular Masc Fem NeutSingular Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. lusa<menoj lusame<nh lusa<menoj lusame<nh
lusa<menonlusa<menonGen. Gen. lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<noulusame<nouDat. Dat. lusame<n& lusame<n^ lusame<n& lusame<n^ lusame<n& lusame<n& Acc. Acc. lusa<menon lusame<nhn lusa<menon lusame<nhn lusa<menonlusa<menon
3 uses: who loosed himself (Adj.), after loosing 3 uses: who loosed himself (Adj.), after loosing himself (Adv.), one who loosed himself (Subst.)himself (Adv.), one who loosed himself (Subst.)
First Aorist Active Ptc
2 1 2 2 1 2 Plural Masc Fem NeutPlural Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. lusa<menoi lusa<menai lusa<menalusa<menoi lusa<menai lusa<mena
Gen. Gen. lusame<nwn lusame<nwn lusame<nwn lusame<nwn lusame<nwn lusame<nwn Dat. Dat. lusame<noij lusame<naij lusame<noij lusame<noij lusame<naij lusame<noij Acc. Acc. lusame<nouj lusame<naj lusa<mena lusame<nouj lusame<naj lusa<mena
3 uses: who loosed himself (Adj.), after loosing himself 3 uses: who loosed himself (Adj.), after loosing himself (Adv.), one who loosed himself (Subst.), (Adv.), one who loosed himself (Subst.),
First Aorist Passive Formation
Masculine/NeuterMasculine/Neuter Stem Aor. Pass + 3rd Decl.Stem Aor. Pass + 3rd Decl.
lu + qe + ntoj = lu + qe + ntoj = luqe<ntojluqe<ntoj
FeminineFeminine Stem Aor. Pas + 1rd Decl.Stem Aor. Pas + 1rd Decl.
lu + qeis + h = lu + qeis + h = luqei?saluqei?sa
First Aorist Passive Ptc
3 1 3 3 1 3 Singular Masc Fem NeutSingular Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. luqei<j luqei?sa luqe<n luqei<j luqei?sa luqe<n
Gen. Gen. luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntoj luqe<ntoj Dat. Dat. luqe<nti luqei<s^ luqe<nti luqei<s^ lu<qenti lu<qenti Acc. Acc. luqe<nta luqei?san luqe<n luqe<nta luqei?san luqe<n
3 uses: who was loosed (Adj.), after being loosed 3 uses: who was loosed (Adj.), after being loosed (Adv.), one who was loosed (Subst.)(Adv.), one who was loosed (Subst.)
First Aorist Passive Ptc
3 1 3 3 1 3 Plural Masc Fem NeutPlural Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. luqe<ntej luqei?sai luqe<nta luqe<ntej luqei?sai luqe<nta
Gen. Gen. luqe<ntwn luqeisw?n luqe<ntwn luqeisw?n luqe<ntwn luqe<ntwn Dat. Dat. luqei?si(n) luqei<saij luqei?si(n) luqei?si(n) luqei<saij luqei?si(n)
Acc. Acc. luqe<ntaj luqei<saj luqe<nta luqe<ntaj luqei<saj luqe<nta 3 uses: who was loosed (Adj.), after being loosed (Adv.), 3 uses: who was loosed (Adj.), after being loosed (Adv.),
one who was loosed (Subst.)one who was loosed (Subst.)
Forms to Chant to
First Aorist Active 3-1-3 (chant)First Aorist Active 3-1-3 (chant) Nom. Nom. lu<saj lu<sasa lu?sanlu<saj lu<sasa lu?san
Gen. Gen. lu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santojlu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santoj First Aorist Middle 2-1-2 (non-chant)First Aorist Middle 2-1-2 (non-chant) Nom. Nom. lusa<menoj lusame<nh lusa<menoj lusame<nh
lusa<menonlusa<menonGen. Gen. lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<noulusame<nou
Forms to Chant to
First Aorist Passive 3-1-3 (chant)First Aorist Passive 3-1-3 (chant) Nom. Nom. luqei<j luqei?sa luqei<j luqei?sa
luqe<nluqe<nGen. Gen. luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntojluqe<ntoj
Second Aorist Participles
Second Aorist Stem changes + Present Second Aorist Stem changes + Present participle endingsparticiple endings
labw<n labo<ntoj, labo<ntilabw<n labo<ntoj, labo<nti labo<menoj, labome<nou ... labo<menoj, labome<nou ... grafei<j, grafe<ntoj ... grafei<j, grafe<ntoj ... Contract VerbsContract Verbs a]gaph<saj, a]gaph<santoj …a]gaph<saj, a]gaph<santoj …
Chapter 10 Vocabulary zwh<, -h?j, h[ zwh<, -h?j, h[
life life qa<natoj, -ou, o[ qa<natoj, -ou, o[
deathdeath kri<nw kri<nw
I judge I judge me<nw me<nw
I remain I remain mo<noj, -h, -on mo<noj, -h, -on
only, alone only, alone
Chapter 10 Vocabulary nu?n nu?n
now now ou]de< ou]de<
and not, nor and not, nor Pau?loj Pau?loj
Paul Paul s&zw s&zw
I save I save to<te to<te
then then
Chapter 11 Vocabulary a]pe<rxomai a]pe<rxomai
I go away, leave I go away, leave e]kei?noj e]kei?noj
that that ]Ioudai?oj, -a, -on ]Ioudai?oj, -a, -on
Jewish Jewish kaqw<j kaqw<j
as, just as as, just as o!j, h!, o! o!j, h!, o!
who, which who, which
Chapter 11 Vocabulary o!tan o!tan
when (123)when (123) ou$toj, au$th, tou?toou$toj, au$th, tou?to
this (1388)this (1388) pa<lin pa<lin
again (141)again (141) Pe<troj, -ou, o[ Pe<troj, -ou, o[
Peter (150)Peter (150) u[pe<r u[pe<r
for, about (gen.) (150)for, about (gen.) (150)above, beyond (acc.)above, beyond (acc.)
Chapter 12 Vocabulary a]poqn^<skw a]poqn^<skw
I die I die e]kei? e]kei?
there there e!wj e!wj
until until i]dou< i]dou<
behold behold i!na i!na
in order that, thatin order that, that
Chapter 12 Vocabulary
]]Iwa<nnhj, -ou, o[ Iwa<nnhj, -ou, o[ John John
me<n me<n on the one hand, indeed on the one hand, indeed
o!loj, -h, -on o!loj, -h, -on whole, entire whole, entire
o!te o!te when when
su<n su<n with with
Chapter 13 Vocabulary a]nh<r, a]ndro<j, o[ a]nh<r, a]ndro<j, o[
man, husbandman, husband
basileu<j, -e<wj, o[ basileu<j, -e<wj, o[ kingking
du<namij, -ewj, h[ du<namij, -ewj, h[ power, miraclepower, miracle
o@noma, -matoj, to< o@noma, -matoj, to<
namename pa?j, pa?sa, pa?n pa?j, pa?sa, pa?n
each, every, alleach, every, all
Chapter 13 Vocabulary path<r, patro<j, o[ path<r, patro<j, o[
fatherfather pi<stij, pi<stewj, h[ pi<stij, pi<stewj, h[
faith, belieffaith, belief pneu?ma, -atoj, to< pneu?ma, -atoj, to<
spirit, windspirit, wind sa<rc, sarko<j, h[ sa<rc, sarko<j, h[
flesh, bodyflesh, body xa<rij, -itoj, h[ xa<rij, -itoj, h[
grace, kindnessgrace, kindness
Chapter 14 Vocabulary ai$ma, -matoj, to< ai$ma, -matoj, to<
blood blood ai@rw ai@rw
I raise, take up I raise, take up dida<skw dida<skw
I teach I teach i@dioj, -a, -on i@dioj, -a, -on
one's own one's own kalo<j, -h<, -o<n kalo<j, -h<, -o<n
good good