Mastering Biosecurity – Aquaculture Spatial Planning:

Nikos AnagnopoulosPresident and Managing Director

2, Mnisikleous Str., 105 56 Athens, GREECETelephone: +30-210.32 29 303 &  +30-210.32 29 340, Fax: +30-210.32 29 304 Email: apc@apc.gr, URL: www.apc.gr

MASTERING BIOSECURITYAn integral part of Aquaculture Management

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FAO uses the term, Biosecurity, in relation to sanitary, phytosanitary and zoosanitary measures applied in food and agricultural regulatory systems.

Biosecurity measures in aquaculture are needed:To protect the production systemsTo protect human health and consumer confidence in

farmed productsTo protect the environment and promote sustainable

production

BIOSECURITY IN AQUACULTURE

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Understand farm’s greatest risks and Develop biosecurity plans

“Existing biosecurity programs at the farm and the processing plant provide a strong foundation for an

effective food-defence program,” 

PROTECT THE PRODUCTION SYSTEMSBIOSECURITY PROGRAM

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PROTECT THE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

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Fish health and welfare:

A multitask-based approach to disease control for the identification of a disease and its underlying cause and to minimize any potential

impact on the health of the surrounding ecosystem.

Disease diagnostic methods and treatments: developments, gaps in knowledge and needs

Vaccines: Immunoprophylaxis contributes by reducing disease prevalence

Use of specific pathogen free stocks: of species in biosecure hatcheries

FARM LEVEL BIOSECURITY STRATEGIES

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Develop and implement a Health Management Plan (HMP).

codes of practice (COPs),better management practices (BMPs), technical guidelines, standards and protocols designed to promote

sustainable aquaculture.

FARM LEVEL BIOSECURITY STRATEGIES

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These documents contain practical strategies:

for site selection, water quality and source of broodstock,spawn, larvae and juveniles, quality of fish feeds,antibiotics and chemical risks during growth and harvest,

as well as good husbandry practices for the cultured species.

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION

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Living modified organisms/genetically modified organisms:

Benefits posed by aquatic GMOs Risks posed by aquatic GMOs

ANDEcological risk assessment for escaped fish.

Climate change impacts and changes that may include.

PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH AND CONSUMER CONFIDENCE

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Aspects of Food Safety and quality assurance practices in the food industry.

Emphasis is placed on interrelations of food chemistry, microbiology, sanitation, processing, and laws and regulations.

Evaluation of control parameters and methodology and Strict biosecurity plans are essential to operations as well.

PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH AND CONSUMER CONFIDENCE

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Control parameters and methodology

Evaluation of control parameters and methodology at critical control points,

validating and auditing the effectiveness of critical control points, critical limits, monitoring tools, corrective action procedures, recordkeeping and verification proceduresemployee training and teaching toolsanitation

in addressing biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may be present in food products

ACCESS TO THE MARKETS AND LEGISLATION COMPLIANCE

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The production and processing/maintenance conditions must be controlled attempted to reduce the risks to consumer health and improve food quality. The applications of International Standards of Management Systems (HACCP, ISO 22000, ISO 14000, ISO 18001, Global Gap etc) are a “must” for the fish industry installations (hatcheries, ongrowing units, packing/processing facilities).

Offer the benefit of global management experience

and good practice

Increase customer satisfaction as services and products consistently deliver what they promise

INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT STANDARDS

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HACCP: Standard for Health and Food Safety. It was the first market to come up with ISO. HACCP is not exist as standard, but as legislative requirements (Europe). For some countries like USA exist as an important standard.

ISO 9001: Quality Management Standard. Considered the king of standards. Specifies requirements for the Management of the company in all sections, based on the principles of quality.

ISO 22000: Standard specifies requirements for Hygiene and Food Safety throughout the food chain.

ISO 14001: Environmental Management Standard. Specifies requirements for environmental management in all companies activities.

EMAS: Environmental Management Regulations. Regulation from the EE. About the same in many places with the standard ISO 14001. In some requirements is most stringent

GLOBAL GAP: Protocol that deals with both, the management of the field and livestock (Fish). It deals with a producer or producer group.

IFS: The standard is intended to allow evaluating the safety systems and quality food suppliers, according to a uniform approach.

BRC: The form and content of the standard is designed to allow an assessment of the company's facilities, operational systems and procedures by a competent third party.

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APC S.A. can support companies and entities for:

The planning/installation (by checking of lay out and supply of needed equipment)

The certification (through independent Specific Bodies) and

The maintenance of all above Quality Management Systems

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MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING and INTEGRATED MARITIME POLICY

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A process by which the State’s authorities analyse and organise human activities in marine areas to achieve

ecological, economic and social objectives.

A large number of countries and European Community as Institution put this policy as a priority (DIRECTIVE 2014/89/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 July 2014 establishing a framework for maritime spatial

planning)

MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING and INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT

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High and Rapidly increasing demand for maritime space for purposes such as:•Petrol, Gas and Renewable energy installations•Maritime and shipping activities•Ecosystem conservation – Marine Protected Areas•Tourism installations•Fisheries and Aquaculture•Urban/recreational activities

Objectives of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies, among others, shall foster the sustainable development and growth of the fisheries and aquaculture sector, including employment in fisheries / aquaculture and connected sectors.

THE CASE OF AQUACULTURE

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The last 30 years, marine aquaculture has become one of the most important productive sectors in numerous countries. Aquaculture having now more than 40% of the aquatic products market share is

projected to rise by 62% by 2030.

Factors that led to the need for Aquaculture Spatial Planning

The lack of Maritime Spatial Planning and National Planning for different sectoral activities in the majority of the countries.

The scale of production and the territorial expansion of the activity (mainly in coastal zone and close to coastline).

The reactions of local population in certain areas.

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF SPATIAL PLANNING and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

of AQUACULTURE

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•The A.S.P. regulates aquaculture spatially, both at sea and inland waters.•It covers all aquatic organisms (animals and plants) with economic interest.•The largest part is referred to marine aquaculture, as it is the sector with the need for spatial regulation

Purpose:

To record, clarify and serve the basic spatial needs of aquaculture units in a way that their operation does not conflict with the development of other activities and not degrade the environment irreparably.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE – AQUACULTURE ATLAS

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Main objective would be to give directions, rules and criteria for a sustainable spatial planning and development of aquaculture at a national level and a long term plan of action.

First stage is the elaboration of an Aquaculture Atlas

Contents of the ATLAS:

Feasibility study (Analysis of the Current Situation, Sectoral approach, Prospects and Trends, Development policy, Legislation, Current situtation, Site survey and data collection, GIS-based multi-criteria analysis)Determination of development areas (Identification of aquaculture development areas, Cultured species, Methods and Types of aquaculture, Supporting facilities)Development policy of aquaculture (SWOT analysis, formulation of scenarios, Guidelines for optimal exploitation and the organization of the sector)Monitoring and facilitation of development – incentivesProposal Formulation for the harmonization of planning and improvement of existing legislation

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE – NATIONAL AQUACULTURE MASTERPLAN

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Second Stage is the National Aquaculture Masterplan (N.A.M.)

1.1 Medium Term Action Plan (five years): Specifies the requirements for the implementation of the Atlas of potential aquaculture sites, actions, settings, programs and measures, costs and funding sources of the proposed interventions, and bodies for the implementation of the measures and actions proposed.

1.2 Long Term Action Plan (fifteen years): Determines the very important steps required for the implementation of the Atlas of potential aquaculture sites

2 Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment Study whose contents will be in line with the internationally adopted standards.

SPATIAL PLANNING and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT of AQUACULTURE

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The N.A.M. prescribes a zoning system for organizing aquaculture. However, it’s permitted, in some cases, to install single units.

Aquaculture Development Areas (A.D.A.)

Marine aquaculture activities develops in wider sea areas, with common characteristics, which on spatial terms constitute broader areas for receptors (ZONES for ORGANIZED DEVELOPMENT of AQUACULTURE–Z.O.D.A.) and single units which are permitted only in specific cases.

The existence of a Management Body is a prerequisite for the creation and approval of the zone.

MAP OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SPATIAL PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK

AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY

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MAP OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SPATIAL PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK

AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY (A.D.A.)

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A.D.A.

INSTALLATION OF Z.O.D.A. WITHIN A.D.A. IN THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SPATIAL PLANNING AND

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY

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A.D.A. Α.4.2

Z.O.D.A.

CRITERIA AND COMPATIBILITIES FOR ESTABLISHING RECEPTORS & SINGLE FARMS FOR AQUACULTURE

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The boundaries of the leased marine area should be spaced in certain distances from:

• Functioning touristic facility and existing residential developments.• Incompatible uses (industrial plants, mining facilities, etc.).• Harboring facilities, handling oil/gas or industrial units presenting

serious risks for marine pollution.• Diving parks (with the exception of combined use) and beaches

designated for swimming.• Airports that are on the coastline.• Wind farms.• Professional fishing activity, with the exception of an agreement

between the 2 parties.

CRITERIA FOR MARINE AQUACULTURE FARMS

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• Minimum depth of the sea.• Distances between units.• Maximum percentage for coverage of the leased area.• Velocity of currents.

Prohibitions for marine aquaculture units

• In areas used as military areas, navigation channels or cables structures or pipes for energy transfer etc.•In areas where the sea bed is covered by protected species (Posidonia

oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Zostera moltii) or species under restrictions defined by international and national legislation.

SUPPLEMENTARY GUIDANCE of A.S.P. OVER ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

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• Creation of a monitoring system over the degree of implementation and efficiency of A.S.P.

• Creation of efficient control mechanisms for the monitoring of environmental degradation from aquaculture units (Environmental Impact Assessment).

INVOLVMENT OF A.P.C. IN SPATIAL PLANNING and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT of

AQUACULTURE

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Preparation of the Supporting Study, for the Spatial Planning and

Sustainable Development of Greek Aquaculture (F.G.M., Ministry for

Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works).

Studies for the determination of Zones of Organized Development of

Aquaculture (Z.O.D.A.) in several Prefectures of Greece (Peloponnese,

Thesprotia, South Evoikos, Echinades Islands, South and North

Aegean).

Study for the Management Body of the Evia A.D.A.

INVOLVEMENT OF A.P.C. IN THE IMPLEMETATION OF M.S.F.D. IN GREECE

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In parallel:

Technical Advisor of the Special Secretariat for Water (Ministry of

Environment, Energy and Climate Change) for the implementation of

Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC).

CONCLUSION

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•Aquaculture Spatial Planning is of great economic significance and should be

part of Maritime Spatial Planning.

•Creation of a common spatial planning throughout the U.A.E., encourages

federal approach, as all the emirates are under the same regulations and

comprehend each others practices.

•Promotion of cross – sector cooperation (such us tourism, oil/gas and

renewable energy sources, fisheries etc) – reduction of conflicts

•The M.S.P. will pinpoint the best qualified areas in terms of environmental

adequacy, access etc in relation to other activities

•Common and simpler licensing of production units will encourage investment.

•Integrated environmental monitoring system for all of the U.A.Emirates.

AQUACULTURE ATLAS IN U.A.E. – IMAGE OF THE NEAR FUTURE?

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A.D.A. 1A.D.A. 2

THANK YOU

2, Mnisikleous Str.,105 56 Athens, GREECE

Telephone: +30-210.32 29 303 &  +30-210.32 29 340

Fax: +30-210.32 29 304 Email: apc@apc.grURL: www.apc.gr