Master’s Seminar Elnaz Rezaei - University of...
Transcript of Master’s Seminar Elnaz Rezaei - University of...
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ENERGY EFFICIENT RPL ROUTING PROTOCOL IN SMART BUILDINGS
Master ’s Seminar Elnaz Rezaei
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OUTLINE
• Introduction • Problem statement • Es metric • Transmission power control • Evaluation • Summary
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SMART OBJECT NETWORKS
• Billions of smart objects over the next ten years (Cisco and Ericsson)
• Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) " Restricted processing power, memory and energy " Interconnected by lossy, low data rate and
instable links
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SMART OBJECT NETWORKS
4 Ref: www.sensorsmag.com
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SMART OBJECT NETWORKS
• Different application requirements " Smart homes: mainly main-powered, less
interference and mobility " Smart industry: mainly battery-powered, large
number of nodes, more interference
• => different routing requirements
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RPL
• Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy networks (RPL) " IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs " Distance vector protocol " Logical DAG routing topology
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RPL
Network
DAG
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RPL
RPL supports different traff ic types.
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DIO
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DAO
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RPL
• RPL defines how to build a DAG
• Characteristics of the DAG are specified by an objective function.
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ROUTING METRIC
• More routing metrics strategies are required for LLNs " Objective function (OF) " Routing metric/constraint " Rank
• Example " OF: Find the path where minimum link quality is
maximized " Routing metric: link quality " Rank: nodes are ranked based on their link quality
towards the root.
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OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
• Existing OFs " Hop-count " ETX (Expected number of transmission)
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OF
Hop-Count ETX
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ES OF
• Primary constraint is energy " Radio transceiver is the main energy consumer
• OF: find the best path that required transmission energy is minimized " Routing metric: estimate the required energy to
successfully send a packet on a link
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ES METRIC
• Energy consumption for a successful transmission " P: transmission power " : link transmission rate " L: packet size
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Es = ETX *P*Lλ
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Es = ETX *P
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ES METRIC
Metric
Path cost
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Es (4, 2) = ETX(4, 2)*P(4)
Es (4,1) = Es (4, 2)+Es (2,1)
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TRANSMISSION POWER CONTROL
Transmission power affects
" Link quality " Interference " Connectivity " Parent selection
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TRANSMISSION POWER CONTROL
• Choose transmission power such that transmission energy consumption is minimized " Initialization phase " Environment change phase
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TRANSMISSION POWER CONTROL
Find poten=al preferred parent set (Pt)
Probe Pt set with different Tx
Find node and transmission power that has minimum path cost
Set transmission power and preferred parent
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TRANSMISSION POWER CONTROL
• Potential preferred parent set " Up to three parents
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RSSI (p)> −90age(p)<10
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PROBING
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Send N probes to node p
Receive number of transmissions by MAC layer
Compute PDR by EWMA
Return ETX=1/PDR
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EVALUATION
• Design choices " Cooja simulator and Contiki OS " Zolertia Z1 " MRM propagation model
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SIMULATION
Traffic: one hello message per minute for anhour
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SIMULATION
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SIMULATION
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SIMULATION
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SIMULATION
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SIMULATION
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NETWORK ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• Standard RPL energy consumption was 3.41mJ
• 26% improvement
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SIMULATION
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SIMULATION
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• The total energy consumption of standard RPL is 9.87mJ.
=> 36% improvement
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SIMULATION
• 12% energy consumption improvement.
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IMPLEMENTATION
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CONCLUSION
• Designing an energy-aware objective function for smart buildings
• Designing energy-aware transmission power control in RPL
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FUTURE WORK
• Including the energy balanced property in Es metric (energy efficiency)
• Modeling ETX probing
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