Mastectomy Presentation
Transcript of Mastectomy Presentation
MastectomyReported by:
Alex M. Cardana
Breast Cancer Overview
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow out of control in one or both breasts. They can invade nearby tissues and form a mass, called a malignant tumor.
Understnading Breast Cancer
cancer cells
Causes Risk Factors Aging: more common in older woman;
60yrs. old and up Family History of Breast Cancer Female Hormones: Using menopausal hormone therapy, that
includes estrogen-progestin and estrogen-testosterone.
Reproductive and menstrual history: The older a woman is when she has her
first child. Women who never had children started period before age 12 started menopause after age 55.
Causes
Race: more often in white women than Latina, Asian, or African American women.
Lifestyle: overweight/obese, lack of physical activity, and too much drinking alcohol
Symptoms A thickening in the breast or armpit. A change in the size or shape of the
breast. Changes in the skin of the breast, such
as a dimple or skin that looks like an orange peel.
A change in the nipple, such as scaling of the skin or a nipple that turns in.
A green or bloody fluid that comes from the nipple.
A change in the color or feel of the skin around the nipple (areola).
Diagnosis
Self Breast exam or Clinical Breast Exam
Mammogram are x-ray pictures of the breast.
An ultrasound device sends out sound waves that people cannot hear.
Diagnosis
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a powerful magnet linked to a computer.
Biopsy
Staging
Staging
Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV
Treatment
Breast-conserving surgery, or Lumpectomy
Radiation Therapy Chemotheraphy Hormone Theraphy Biological Theraphy
Mastectomy
Mastectomy (Breast Removal Surgery)
A mastectomy is the surgical removal of the entire breast, usually to treat serious breast disease, such as breast cancer.
Four General Types
1. Subcutaneous mastectomy -- the entire breast is removed but the nipple and areola (the pigmented circle around the nipple) remain in place
2. Total (or simple) mastectomy -- removal of the whole breast, but not the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary nodes).
Four General Types
3. Modified radical mastectomy -- removal of the whole breast and most of the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary dissection)
4. Radical mastectomy -- removal of the chest wall muscles (pectorals) in addition to the breast and axillary lymph nodes. For many years, this operation was considered the standard for women with breast cancer, but it is rarely used today.
Subcutaneous Mastectomy
Woman with skin-sparing mastectomy.A pink line indicates "keyhole"–like incisionB pink highlighted area indicates tissue removed at mastectomy
Post-Op Subcutaneous Mastectomy
Total(Simple) Mastectomy
Woman with total (simple) mastectomy.A pink highlighted area indicates tissue removed at mastectomy
B axillary lymph nodes: levels IC axillary lymph nodes: levels IID axillary lymph nodes: levels III
Post-Op Total(Simple) Mastectomy
Modified Radical Mastectomy
Woman with modified radical mastectomy.A pink highlighted area indicates tissue removed at mastectomyB axillary lymph nodes: levels IC axillary lymph nodes: levels IID axillary lymph nodes: levels III
Post-Op Modified Radical Mastectomy
Radical MastectomyWoman with radical mastectomy.A pink highlighted area indicates tissue removed at mastectomyB axillary lymph nodes: levels IC axillary lymph nodes: levels IID axillary lymph nodes: levels IIIE supraclavicular lymph nodesF internal mammary lymph nodes
Post-Op Radical Mastectomy
Mastectomy Preparation
A few days before the surgery: Patient Assessment Laboratory Test: urinalysis, Blood
test, ECG Anesthesiologist examines the
patient and review the test results Patient ordered NPO on the night
prior to the surgery if surgery scheduled early morning.
Mastectomy Preparation
Showering with an antibacterial soap the night before the surgery.
Instructs and explains the procedure to the patient
Ask the patient to sign a consent form
During the Procedure
An intravenous (IV) line administers medicines that may be required during surgery.
Heart function is monitored by an ECG machine.
A blood-pressure cuff is placed on the woman's arm to monitor her blood pressure during surgery.
The operation site is washed and sterilized.
During the Procedure
Sterile drapes are placed over the woman to guard against infection. Only the operation site is kept uncovered.
General anesthesia is administered. The woman may be given a dose of antibiotics to prevent infection.
The surgeon makes an incision depending on the planned procedure.
Specimen collecting and saving
During the Procedure
The skin is closed with stitches or staples.
Drainage tubes are usually inserted into the operation site to drain out blood and fluid that may continue to ooze out of the tissues after the skin is closed.
Application of pressure dressing.
During the Procedure
The duration of the operation depends on the type of mastectomy being performed. Most mastectomies take one to two hours, not including the time required for any lymph node procedures (sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary node dissection) or reconstruction procedures.
After the Procedure
Patient sent to recovery room Monitor V/S (BP, PR, RR) A patient may be give pain
medication via IV push or Oral A patient generally stays in the
hospital 1 to 7 days.
Risks After Surgery
Bleeding Infection Potential breathing & heart
problems Possible reactions to medicine Pain and soreness Scar
Risks After Surgery
Compromised blood supply to the skin of the chest wall.
Shoulder stiffness and numbness Fluid collection in the
armpit;seroma Infection due to Breast
reconstruction
Nursing Interventions
Before hospital discharge: Instruct patient to measure the fluid that drains.
Instruct wound care and medications
Provide psychological support
END…………