Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center THE RELATIONSHIP OF SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT TO...
Transcript of Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center THE RELATIONSHIP OF SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT TO...
Mary Kay O’Connor
Process Safety Center
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT TO ENGINEERING
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Dr. M. Sam Mannan, PE, CSPRegents Professor and Director
Holder of T. Michael O’Connor Chair IMary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M University System
2
I am telling you we have to do Risk Assessment for an Asteroid or Comet collision! and if we don’t know the consequences we could be made extinct!
I don’t believe a word!
Don’t worry! We have ruled this planet for 160 million years! and We will always rule it!
THE FIRST SAFETY CONFERENCE
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Present
3
0
2
4
6
8
10
Estimated GDP growth for 2010
Estimated Population for 2010 in billion
G 20 Countries1
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Future
4
Energy Demand2 World Commercial Energy Use2
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Deep Water Horizon In September 2009, the rig
drilled the deepest oil well in history at a vertical depth of 35,050 ft
On 20 April 2010, while drilling at the Macondo Prospect, an explosion on the rig caused by a blowout killed 11 crewmen
After burning for approximately 36 hours, Deepwater Horizon sank on 22 April 2010
The resultant oil spill continued until July 15
5
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Fukushima Nuclear Incident, 2011
6
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Did the incident happen occasionally?
Over the intervening 33 years, other catastrophic incidents have grabbed the attention of the public and media
These incidents happened all over the world threatening people’s lives and property
7
8
Location Date Killed people Damage Loss(that year)Umm Said Qatar 4/3/1977 6 76350000Abqaiq Saudi Arabia 4/15/1978 0 53700000Ekofisk Norway 3/27/1980 123Edmonton Canada 4/18/1982 21000000Remeoville Illinois US 7/23/1984 17 191000000San Juan Ixhuatepec Mexico City Mexico 11/19/1984 650 19940000Bhopal Gas Tragedy 12/3/1984 2000Las Piedras Venezuela 12/13/1984 62076000Norco Lousiana US 5/5/1988 4 254700000Piper Alpha North Sea UK 7/8/1988 167 965000000Antwerp Belgium 3/7/1989 77000000Richmond California US 4/10/1989 87170000Baton Rauge Lousiana US 12/24/1989 68900000Coatzacoalcos Mexico 3/11/1991 91300000Dhaka Bangladesh 7/20/1991 71000000North Rhine Germany 12/10/1991 50500000Guadalajara Mexico 4/22/1992 206 300000000Westlake Louisana US 7/28/1992 25000000Wilmington California US 10/8/1992 73300000Sodegaura Japan 10/16/1992 10 160500000La Mede France 11/9/1992 260000000Baton Rauge Lousiana US 8/2/1993 65200000Simponville Sacramento US 6/6/1996 27000000Rio Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico 11/21/1996 33 5000000Martinez California US 1/27/1997 80000000Yokkaichi Mie Japan 5/2/1997Visakhapatnam India 9/14/1997 50 64000000St Helena California US 12/2/1997 14000000Bintulu Serawak Malaysia 12/25/1997 12 275000000Longford Victoria Australia 9/25/1998 2 160000000Berre I'Etang France 10/6/1998 22000000Inderhe Niger Delta Nigeria 10/17/1998 100Knoxville Tennesse US 2/9/1999 8100000Martinez California US 2/23/1999 4Winchester Kentuchy US 1/27/2000 7100000Hunt Texas US 3/3/2000 40000000Prince Georges US 4/7/2000 50000000Mina Al-Ahmadi-Kuwait 6/25/2000 5 412000000Carlsbad New Mexico US 8/19/2000 12 100000000Roncador Brazil 3/15/2001 2 515000000Carson City California US 4/23/2001 120000000Rawdhatain Kuwait 1/31/2002 4 200000000Brookdale Manitoba Canada 4/14/2002 13000000Moomba Australia 1/1/2004 5000000Skikda Algeria 1/19/2004 27 30000000Humber Estuary Killingholme UK 4/16/2001 82400000Ghislenghien Belgium 7/30/2004 24Mihama Japan 8/9/2004 6Texas City Texas US 3/23/2005 15 30000000Sidoarjo Est Java Indonesia 11/22/2006 11
Major Incidents from 1977 to 2009
Safety is a key factor in sustainable developmentAfter so many disasters, more study should be
dedicated to prevent incidents- make safety the second nature
New sustainability issues requires: 1. R&D to be put at the core of chemical industry.2. Development of a longer term vision for the chemical3. Development of inherently safe design that involves
substances without risks for human health and environment
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Safety Strategies
Inherent: when the safety features are built into the process, not added.
Passive: for example, safety features that do not require action by any device – they perform their intended function simply because they exist.
Active: for example, safety shutdown systems to prevent accidents (e.g., a high level alarm in a tank shuts automatic feed valves) or to mitigate the effects of accidents (e.g., a sprinkler system to extinguish a fire in a building).
Procedural: or operating procedures, for example, operator response to alarms. Emergency response procedures, safety rules and standard procedures, training.
10
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Framework to Reduce Risk and Consequences of Incidents
Academic Research – improve the science and technology to prevent incidents
Industry Research - improve the regulations and management
Academic and industrial education
11
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Academic Research-Reactive Chemicals Reactivity of Ethylene Oxide in Contact with
Contaminants
Self-reacting Chemical Safe Storage Modeling
Study of N-oxidation of Alkylpyridines with Hydrogen Peroxide using Molecular Simulations
Computational Research on Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Cumene Hydroperoxide in Cumene & Evaluation of its Reactivity Hazard
Molecular Modeling for Runaway Reactions in Chemical Process
APTAC
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Academic Research-LNG Safety
To support formulating guidelines for LNG fire mitigation and flammable cloud suppression. ◦Vapor dispersion CFD modeling◦Water curtain modeling and design◦Foam application optimization
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Property
Pmax
(dp/dt)max
KSt
LOC
Study influence of particle size distribution in
explosive characteristics
METHODOLOGY: EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF DUST EXPLOSIVE
CHARACTERISTICS
OBJECTIVES
Analyze influence of humidity content in
Explosive characteristics
Correlations between particle size distribution and dust explosive characteristics are required to predict explosion behavior.
Humidity content on dust can significantly affect the explosion hazard.
Academic Research-Dust Explosion
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Inherent safety designMinimize
Significantly reduce the quantity of
hazardous material o energy in the
system, or eliminate the hazard entirely if
possible.
Substitute
Replace a hazardous material with a less
hazardous substance, or
hazardous chemistry with less hazardous
reactions.
Moderate
Reduce the hazards of a process by
handling materials in a less hazardous form, or under less
hazardous condition, for
examples at lower temperatures and
pressures
SimplifyEliminating
unnecessary complexity to
make plants more “user friendly” and
less prone to human error and
incorrect operation
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Industrial Research-Process Safety ManagementPSM is the application of management principles and systems to the identification, understanding, and control of process hazards to protect employees, facility assets and the environment.
16
Application Employee Participation Process Safety
Information Process Hazard Analysis Operating Procedures Employee Training Contractors
Pre-Start up Safety Review Mechanical Integrity Hot Work (Non-routine
Work Authorizations) Management of Change Incident Investigation Emergency Planning and
Response Compliance Audits
Elements of PSM
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Industrial Research- Safety Culture
• Leadership and commitment of the Chief Executive and senior management.
• The acceptance by line management that they have an executive role to play
• The acceptance by all employees that safety must be incorporated into all the organisations activities. It is not just something that is added on at the end.
• Good communication and a willingness to communicate.• The understanding of the importance of training and
competence assurance.• The understanding that every accident, every incident is an
unnecessary drain on the organisations resources.
17
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Academic and Industrial Education
Educate a new generation of engineers to whom the principles of process safety are second nature
Graduate students programs Courses for undergraduate students as
core curriculumSafety Engineering CertificateLong-distance learningTraining for company engineers
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Concluding Remarks
Safety should be included along with environment, economics and social components of sustainable development
Companies cannot be sustainable without successful safety and risk management programs. And thus by extension, it is impossible for society to reach the goals for “engineering for sustainable development” without successful safety and risk management programs.
Our inability to adapt to the demands of a changing world and eco-system has the potential to take us down the same path as “dinosaurs.”
19
Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center
Thank you
References 1. CIA: The World Fact Book 2. BP Energy Outlook 2030
20