MISSISSIPPIMary Beth Blasingame

History of Community Colleges in Mississippi 1908 – Mississippi Legislature passed

laws allowing counties to establish agricultural high schools.

1921 – 51 agriculture high schools in Mississippi

Early 1920’s - the agriculture model of high schools provide unsustainable forcing two schools to close and others to close their dormitories

1921 – Pearl River Agricultural High School began offering college classes

1922 – Mississippi’s Senate passed a bill allowing agricultural high schools to add two years of college work. Schools had to be atleast 20 miles from

University of Mississippi, Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical School (now Mississippi State University), Mississippi State College For Women at Columbus, and Mississippi Normal College (now University of Southern Mississippi)

Qualifications for teachers were detailed Entrance exams were required Library standards were set

1922 - Hinds County Agricultural High School began offering freshman courses along with Pearl River

1925 – Hinds offered second year college courses 1926 – Pearl River offered sophomore classes 1928 – Forming of Commission of Junior Colleges,

giving a small appropriation of money to these colleges

1929 – 13 junior college districts were formed 1929 – 1,248 students were enrolled in junior

colleges 1934 – enrollment totaled 3, 185 1949 – Coahoma Junior College was established

for African – American students 1954 – Utica Junior College also established for

African – American students 1987 – all of the junior colleges with the exception

of one changed their names to community colleges

History made in the U.S.

With the forming of the Commission, creating school districts and providing state funds Mississippi created the first state system of junior colleges in the United States.

Influential People Robert E. Lee Sutherland – Hinds County

Agricultural High School James A. Huff – Pearl River County

Agricultural High School These men thought of the idea to merge

agricultural high schools with junior colleges.Sighting that “This would keep enrollments up and

also enable rural students to take college courses that they would otherwise not have access to” (Fatherree, 2010).

• Julius Christian Zeller of Yazoo County introduced the bill to the senate that allowed for agricultural high schools to teach college courses.

Knox Broom – supervisor of agricultural high schools and junior collegesPushed to limit number of junior collegesHelped establish a state committee to

coordinate activities at the junior colleges.

Mission of Community Colleges

When the community colleges began in Mississippi their mission was “to provide a quality, accessible education for the state’s communities at an affordable price” (Fatherree, 2010).

This mission is still that of community and junior colleges in Mississippi

Colleges in Mississippi 15 public community colleges

institutions All but one began as an agricultural high school

All accredited by Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools

8 public four year universities 12 private colleges and universities

4 private liberal arts colleges

Alcorn State UniversityDelta State University

Jackson State UniversityMississippi State University

Mississippi University for Women Mississippi Valley State University

University of MississippiUniversity of Southern Mississippi

Public 4 Year Universities

Private 4 Year UniversitiesBelhaven College

Blue Mountain CollegeBryson UniversityMississippi College

Reformed Theological SeminarySoutheastern Baptist College

Virginia College, Biloxi Virginia College, JacksonWilliam Carey University

Public 2 Year Schools

Pearl River Community College Poplarville, Ms. 1909 state’s 1st agricultural high school 1st school to offer college courses 1924 first public two year college in Mississippi Enrollment Fall 2011: 4,986 18 certificate of proficiency programs 26 Career Technical degree programs

Copiah – Lincoln Community College Wesson, Ms.

1915 founded as Copiah-Lincoln Agricultural High School

1928 the school began teaching college courses Enrollment Spring 2012: 2,381 49 degree programs

Hinds Community College Raymond, Ms. 1917 began as agricultural high school 1927 granted diplomas to its first graduating

class Largest community college in the state Approximately 32,000 students this year 170 + technical, academic and career programs

Holmes Community College Goodman, Ms. 1911 began as an agricultural high school 1928 1st year to offer college classes 52 academic programs and 19 Career/Technical Enrollment: Fall 2011 6,420

Mississippi Delta Community College Moorhead, Ms. Began as Sunflower Junior College in 1926 Fully accredited in 1928 50 + programs of study technical, career and

academic Enrollment: Fall 2011 3,283

Northwest Mississippi Community College Senatobia, Ms. Tate County Agricultural High School became

Northwest Mississippi Junior College in 1928 83 programs of study Enrollment: Spring 2013 7,485

Northeast Mississippi Community College Booneville, Ms. Founded in 1948 Enrollment: Spring 2013 3,097 93 academic, career, and technical programs

East Mississippi Community College Scooba, Ms. 1st began as Kemper County Agricultural High

School in 1912 1927 changed to a junior college Offers 25 career and technical programs Enrollment: Approximately 1,000

Coahoma Community College Clarksdale, Ms. 1924 Coahoma County was the 1st county in

Mississippi to provide an agricultural high school for African-Americans.

1949 school introduced college courses and changed name to Coahoma Community College

1950 became the first educational institution for African-Americans to be included in Mississippi's system of public junior colleges

1965 allowed for students of other races to attend

Enrollment: Fall 2011 3,000 55 degree programs

Itawamba Community College Fulton, Ms. In 1948 formed as an extension of Itawamba Agricultural

High School 76 programs of study offered in technical, career, and

academic Enrollment: Fall 2009 7,596

Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College Perkinston, Ms. Originally began as Harrison County Agricultural High

School and in 1925 began offering junior college courses 1962 adopted the name Mississippi Gulf Coast Junior

College Enrollment: 2011-2012 34,951 total students 67 programs of study in technical, career, and academic

Jones County Junior College Ellisville, Ms. 1927 Jones County Agricultural High School

became Jones Junior College Total of 96 career, technical, and academic

programs of study Enrollment Fall 2012: 4,589

Southwest Mississippi Community College Summit, Ms. 1918 started as Pike County Agricultural High

School 1929 began introducing college courses and 1988

started going by Southwest Mississippi Community College

Enrollment Fall 2011: 2,128

Meridian Community College Meridian, Ms. The school began as the 13th and 14th grades at

Meridian High School in 1937 Meridian Junior College operated out of the high

school until 1964 1970 merged with T.J. Harris Junior College Offers 50 programs ranging from associates

degrees to certificates Enrollment Fall 2012: 4,019

East Central Community College Decatur, Ms. Formed in 1928 Enrollment Fall 2011: 2,394 Offer academic transfer courses, career and

technical programs and adult education classes

Students Enrolled in Mississippi’s

Community Colleges

Full time: 60,032

Part-time: 22,376

Total: 82,408

Females: 50,567Males: 31,832

American Indian/Alaska Native: 584 Asian/Pacific Islander: 466Black, non-Hispanic: 29,514Hispanic: 609Non-resident Alien: 590White, non Hispanic: 49,007Race unknown: 1,629

National Graduation Rate compared toMississippi Community College Rate

2007

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2006

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National AvgMSCJC

Faculty

2011 Faculty Numbers

Coahoma 223Copiah-Lincoln 125East Central 209East Mississippi 535Hinds 1181Holmes 374Itawamba 890Jones 342Meridian 334MS Delta 227MS Gulf Coast 794Northeast 282Northwest 478Pearl River 518Southwest Miss. 151

Student Teacher Ratios

Coahoma 28:1Copiah-Lincoln 14:1East Central 25:1East Mississippi 20:1Hinds 20:1Holmes 25:1Itawamba 31:1Jones 21:1Meridian 18:1MS Delta 20:1MS Gulf Coast 21:1Northeast 23:1Northwest 19:1Pearl River 16:1Southwest Miss. 24:1

Student to Faculty

Average Faculty Salary 2010 2011Coahoma 41,599 42,273

Copiah-Lincoln 47,216 48,830

East Central 47,919 52,621

East Mississippi 50,107 50,229

Hinds 46,096 46,159

Holmes 53,442 53,443

Itawamba 56,417 58,228

Jones 52,240 52,366

Meridian 41,801 41,737

MS Delta 47,961 49,958

MS Gulf Coast 42,302 42,642

Northeast 51,503 52,021

Northwest 50,695 50,491

Pearl River 56,224 56,687

Southwest Miss. 53,124 53,129

Collective Bargaining “Mississippi is among those states

— many in the South — where most government employees do not have the right to collective bargaining” (Pettus & Scelzig, 2011)

“Mississippi Alliance of State Employees, which has no bargaining power but provides a voice for state government workers to air their concerns before the governor and Legislature” (Pettus & Scelzig, 2011).

Governance and Administration Mississippi Commission of College

Accreditation – has the authority to approve all institutions or other entities that provide one or more postsecondary academic degrees that are domicile, incorporate and located in Mississippi.

Mississippi Department of Education requires colleges and universities to maintain accreditation by Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), Commission on Colleges and to actively pursue accreditation in all possible programs

Academic Productivity Review Board

Responsible for: Ensuring effective use of State

resources Reduce unnecessary academic

program duplication Eliminate unproductive

programs

Governing Bodies Schools are required to

submit organizational charts to the Board of Trustees with the Mississippi Department of Education and Office of Academic and Student Affairs

Charts must detail non-academic positions and academic positions

Mississippi Community College Board Office of Career and Technical

Education responsible for Assisting in evaluation of programs with deans

and other personnel Reimbursement process for state upgraded

equipment Salaries for career and technical personnel Reviews requests for new programs, deletion

and modification of existing programs Liaison between Community and Junior College

Deans, Mississippi Department of Education and the Research and Curriculum Unit

Finance A report performed by the State Board of

Trustees compared state appropriations of general funds in public 4 year universities and 2 year community colleges and the Institutions of Higher Learning System (IHL)

2012 Fiscal Year community colleges received 4.34%, 4 year universities 44.77% and IHL received 12.65% totaling 61.77% of the general funds being spent on education

2013 Fiscal Year Community Colleges 4.15%, 4 year

universities 42.70% and IHL 11.03%

State Awarded Financial Aid Undergraduate Grants

16%

73%

11% 2-Year Pub-lic4-Year Pub-lic

Awar

d Amount

2-Year Public

7,767

$3,750,142

4-Year Public

15,193

16,117,836

4-Year Private

2,3682,475,28

3Out of State

0 $ -

Total25,38

222,163,2

61 73%

17%

10%

2-Year Public 4-Year Public 4-Year Private

Student Loans

Award Amount

2-Year Public 0 $ -4-Year Public 915

$4,535,605

4-Year Private 220 1,048,174Out-of-State or Loan Servicer 211 604,879

Total1,34

6 6,188,658

Financial Aid Mississippi Community College

Foundation Provides support for the Mississippi

Community College Board, junior and community colleges

Provided and still provides opportunities through funding for faculty members to upgrade degrees

Extensive research on workforce needs to better inform and train students at community colleges

Provides funding for local initiative at community colleges to support Entrepreneurial Alliance. This alliance enables businesses to rely on community colleges for resources.

Offers leadership programs and scholarships

Community

Colleges

In State Tuition

Out of State Universities In

State Out of State

Coahoma 950 2,400 Alcorn State 2,856 7,032

Copiah-Lincoln

975 1,875 Delta State 3,006 4,200

East Central

895 1,945 Jackson State 2,994 7,338

East Mississippi

1,025 2,050 Miss. State 6,264 15,828

Hinds 980 2,280 Ms University for Women

2,658 7,242

Holmes 925 2,215 Miss. Valley 2,814 7,038

Itawamba 950 1,825 Univ. of Miss. 6,600 17,568

Jones County

1,074 2,074 Univ. of Southern Miss.

3,168 7,224

Meridian 1,000 1,690

Mississippi Delta

1,165 1,964

Miss. Gulf Coast

1,150 2,073

Northeast Miss.

1,050 2,100

Northwest Miss.

975 1,975

Pearl River

1,000 2,199

Southwest Miss.

975 2,325

Community and Junior College Revenue by Source Fiscal Year 2011

Revenue Source

Amount Percentage

General Fund $168,422,707 30.5%

Education Enhancement

30,272,370 5.5

ARRA SFSF Gov’t Services

20,041,550 3.6

Indirect State 45,637,080 8.3

Federal 35,633,995 6.4

Student Fees 196,864,615 35.6

District Taxes 50,808,246 9.2

Other Revenue 4,853,888 0.9

Total Revenue $552,534,451 100.0%

Community and Junior College Source of Expenditures by Program FY 2011

Expenditures by Program

Amount Percentage

Academic Instruction $163,570,862 29.6%

Career-Technical Instruction

84,559,441 15.3

Other Instruction 63,135,924 11.4

Total Instruction 311,266,227 56.3

Instructional Support 19,855,800 3.6

Student Services 62,566,462 11.3

Institutional Support 81,098,497 14.7

Physical Plant 77,747.465 14.1

Total E & G Expenditures

552,534,451 100%

Vocational Programs There are 130 + vocational

and technical programs in the state of Mississippi

All 15 community colleges are workforce centers providing credit and noncredit education to people seeking skilled jobs.

Vocational Education Office of Career and Technical Education and

Workforce Development is a division of Mississippi Department of Education

It’s duty is to help train a qualified workforce to ensure students are ready for competitive jobs.

Partner with local business leaders and legislature to attain common goals

2010-2011 MCCB Annual Report noted 21,467 students were enrolled in Career and Technical Programs at community and junior colleges in 2010 and 21,97 in fall of 2009.

Career and Technical EducationOffice of Career Readiness – Miss. Community

College BoardImplemented the Exemplary Teaching Program

Evaluates the quality of teaching and learning in vocational programs

Provide Mississippi Career Readiness Certificate This certificate was implemented in Mississippi to

help people seeking careers improve skills necessary for the workforce.

Verifies cognitive skills

Development EducationGeneral Education Development (GED)

Available for adults that did not complete high school Testing is administered by the Mississippi Community

College Board “For FY 2011, 14,753 GED test booklets were scored

and 12,217 transcripts were issued. Approximately 13,483 individuals completed the entire GED best battery with 7,882 receiving a GED credential/diploma. For the fall 2010 semester, there were 9,219 students who were admitted in community and junior colleges via a GED diploma” (2010-2011 Annual Report,15).

3,858 people earned their GED and 627 continued on to postsecondary education or training

Adult EducationServices or instruction below the postsecondary level for individuals who:

1. 16 years of age or older 2. Are not enrolled or required to be enrolled in

secondary school under State law3. Lack sufficient mastery of basic educational

skills to enable the individuals to function effectively in society

4. Do not have a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent

5. have not achieved an equivalent level of education; or are unable to speak, read, or write the English language

Adult Education28 basic education programs offered

in FY 2011 All 15 community and junior colleges

offer classes 9 programs are in public schools, 1 program in a community based-

organization 1 in a university 2 in correctional institutions

1,923 people participated in adult education classes

Community Education

Mississippi’s junior and community colleges all come from community’s involvement in the desire to further knowledge of agriculture to better the regions in which the people lived.

Mississippi community colleges have partnerships with one another, local and large scale business to ensure continued growth in the economy.

Hinds Community College

Small Business Development Center and International Trade CenterSupported by Hinds Community College

Help small business in surrounding counties prosper

Partnership with U.S. Small Business Administration

MS Gulf Coast Community Campus

Affordable and flexible training programs

Enhance workforce, job growth, job retention rate in the four surrounding counties Gulfport.

Enable South Mississippi to grow through industry partnerships

Collegiate Education Graduation Rate Task Force examines

Articulation and Transfer Graduation and Retention Rates Student and Mental Health Services

Two studies conducted by GRTF in order to better analyze where Mississippi needs to improve in retention, graduating and student services

GRTF’s Findings Mississippi is behind the nation and many

countries in education attainment In order for Miss. to reach the national average

the state must produce an additional 147,144 associate and bachelor’s degrees by 2025 or 962 additional degree each year

Mississippi ranks 45th in the U.S. in percentage of high school graduates

Ranks 49th among the states in the percentage of the population ages 25-64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher.

Ranks 29th in getting students through to atleast an associate degree.

More findings… “Only 12% of African Americans have a bachelor’s degree

or higher compared to 24% of Whites. If all minority groups had the same educational attainment as Whites, the annual personal income in Mississippi would be $7 billion higher” (Graduation Rate Task Force Executive Summary, p. 33).

“Mississippi Community and Junior Colleges (CJCs) award more associate degrees per 1,000 adults age 18-44 with no college degree than the national average, but awards substantially fewer postsecondary certificates and diplomas than the national average. This reflects the historic emphasis of CJCs on college transfer associate degrees as opposed to short term workforce certification”(Graduation Rate Task Force Executive Summary, p. 41).

Student Graduation rates by campusPublic two year colleges

Copiah-Lincoln CommunityCollege

East Central Community College

Meridian Community College

Southwest Mississippi Community College

Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College

Coahoma Community College

Mississippi Delta Community College

Northwest Mississippi Community College

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Student Graduation Rates at 4 Year Public Universities in Mississippi

Mississippi Valley State University

Alcorn State University

Mississippi Universiy for Women

University of Southern Miss.

Delta State University

Jackson State University

University of Miss.

Mississippi State

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

In the Fall of 2012 4,916 students that previously attended a community college in Mississippi

transferred to one of the eight public 4 year

institutions.

ASU DSU JSU MSU MUW MVSU UM USM TOTAL

Coahoma 3 73 21 5 7 31 18 6 164

Copiah-Lincoln 60 6 45 46 7 0 9 90 263

East Central 3 7 30 113 12 0 11 26 202

East Mississippi 2 7 8 187 115 0 15 14 348

Hinds 39 25 204 105 58 1 31 79 542

Holmes 7 25 83 126 29 6 73 22 371

Itawamba 2 17 13 159 72 0 250 20 533

Jones County 0 1 6 94 5 0 22 273 401

Meridian 0 1 11 90 34 0 15 43 194

Ms. Delta 5 68 6 15 21 54 15 7 191

Ms. Gulf Coast 2 3 0 102 15 0 32 492 646

Northeast Miss. 0 6 1 87 24 1 109 4 232

Northwest Ms. 2 36 7 75 30 3 299 22 474

Pearl River 0 0 7 15 3 0 4 223 252

Southwest Ms. 8 0 8 16 6 1 6 58 103

Total 133 275 450 1,235 1,235 438 97 1,379 4,916

References Complete College America. (2011). Mississippi 2011. Retrieved From:

http://www.completecollege.org/docs/Mississippi.pdf Fatherree,, B.H. (2010, March). The Community and Junior College

System in Mississippi: A Brief History of its Origin and Development. Mississippi History Now. Retrieved From: http://mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us

Graduation Rate Task Force. (2009). Graduation Rate Task Force Executive Summary. Retrieved From: http://www.ihl.state.ms.us/graduation/downloads/grtf_report_100120.pdf

Mississippi Community College Board. (2012). 2010-2011 Annual Report. Retrieved From: http://www.sbcjc.cc.ms.us/pdfs/pb/FY2011AnnualReport.pdf

Mississippi Community College Board. (2010). 9-10 month equivalent full-time faculty salaries fiscal years 2006-2011 estimated. Community and Junior College Financial Data. Retrieved From: http://www.sbcjc.cc.ms.us/pdfs/fn/avgsalfy06-11.pdf

Mississippi Department of Education. (2012) 2012 Annual Report of the State Financial Aid Programs. Retrieved From: http://www.mississippi.edu/pg2c/glomer/upload_repo/files/Annual%20Report_12.pdf

References Pettus, E. W., & Scelzig, E. (2011).

Union bargaining a dream for many state workers. U.S. Business on NBC News.com. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com