Marsabit County Agriculture Sector Plan 2013-2017

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

Agriculture Sector Plan 2013 – 2017

Marsabit County

Agriculture Sector Plan 2013 - 2017

Marsabit CountyMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock

and Fisheries Development

iAgriculture Sector Plan 2013 – 2017

Our Vision:

“An innovative, commercially-oriented and modern

Agriculture and Rural Development sector”.

Our Mission: “To improve people’s livelihoods through promotion of

competitive agriculture and innovative research, sustainable livestock and fisheries development, growth of viable farmers’ cooperatives,

equitable distribution, and sustainable management of land resources”.

ii Marsabit County Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

iiiAgriculture Sector Plan 2013 – 2017

Contents

Abbreviations and Acronyms ivForeword vPreface viAcknowledgements viiHighlights at a glance viii

SECTION ONE xDeveloping the Agriculture Sector Plan 2013 - 2017

Ch 1 The background 1 Ch 2 Anchoring the sector plan 2 Ch 3 Methodology 3 Eight expected outcomes 3 Ch 4 Marsabit County profile 5

SECTION TWO 11Analyses of the Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries sub-sectors

5 Ch 5 Thematic analyses by sub-sector 12 5.1 AGRICULTURE SUB-SECTOR 12 5.2 LIVESTOCK SUB-SECTOR 30 5.3 FISHERIES SUB-SECTOR 53

SECTION THREE 60Analyses per sub-county for the 3 sub-sectors of agriculture, livestock and fisheries

Ch 6 Analysis per sub-county and suggested solutions 61 6.1 LAISAMIS 62 6.2 MOyALE 80 6.3 NORTH HORR 90 6.4 SAKU 92

SECTION FOUR 102Implementing the Sector Plan

6 Ch 7 Partnerships in implementation 103 7 Ch 8 From Plan to reality 105

ANNEXES 107

iv Marsabit County Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

AbbreviAtionS AnD ACronyMS

ALIN Arid Lands Information NetworkASAL Arid and semi-arid landsASDSP Agricultural Sector Development

Support ProgrammeATVET Agricultural Technical and Vocational

Education and TrainingBMU Beach Management UnitCAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture

Development ProgrammeCBS Central Bureau of Statistics (now Kenya

National Bureau of Statistics)CEC County Executive CommitteeCEWARN Conflict Early Warning and Response

MechanismCIDP County Integrated Development PlanCLMC County Livestock Marketing CouncilDRSLP Drought Resilience and Sustainable

Livelihoods Program in the Horn of Africa

EDE End Drought EmergenciesEMC Environmental management committeeFBO Faith-based organisationFEWSnet Famine Early Warning Systems NetworkFHK Food for the Hungry - KenyaFSDRP Food Security and Drought Resilience

ProgrammeGIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale

ZusammenarbeitHa HectaresICT Information and communications

technologyIGAD Intergovernmental Authority on

Development

ILRI International Livestock Research Institute

IRIN Integrated Regional Information Networks

KALRO Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation

KFSG Kenya Food Security Steering GroupKWFT Kenya Women Microfinance Bank,

formerly known as Kenya Women Finance Trust

M&E Monitoring and evaluationMCA Member of County AssemblyMoALFD Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and

Fisheries DevelopmentMTP Medium Term PlanNCPB National Cereals and Produce BoardNDMA National Drought Management

AuthorityNEMA National Environmental Management

AuthorityNERICA New Rice for AfricaNGO Non-governmental organisationPACIDA Pastoralist Community Initiative and

Development AssistancePPP Public private partnershipREGAL-AG Resilience and Economic Growth in the

Arid Lands – Accelerated GrowthREGAL-IR Resilience and Economic Growth –

Improving ResilienceReSAKSS Regional Strategic Analysis and

Knowledge Support SystemUSAID United States Agency for International

Development WFP World Food Program

On 22 August 2014 I presided over the ceremony to commission 8 tractors and 28 high-powered motorbikes for use in enhancing food production at Marsabit county headquarters. I am keenly aware that Marsabit County is one of the poorest in Kenya as

expressed by both the food and income poverty indices, despite its large size and huge livestock population. I am also alive to the immense challenge faced by the rural development sector in meeting this challenge, and specifically the Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Sector directly charged with responsibility for charting a pathway towards drought resilience and attaining food security for Marsabit’s 300,000 persons, a population expanding at a rate of 2.74% per year. The 8 tractors were procured in time to open up significant areas for expansion of food crop and fodder production during the 2014 short rains. The 28 motorbikes, one for each ward, will ensure that the extension staff assigned to the sector are able to reach farmers and pastoralists in all the 20 wards of the county. The commissioning of the tractors and motorbikes is only a small contribution to the great expectations that my government and our residents have placed on the sector.

The Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Sector must contribute to poverty alleviation. Technologies for dryland farming are available and have been tested in many parts of Kenya and around the world. I am optimistic that producing sufficient food for the population of Marsabit County is possible using smart technologies, expanding arable lands, opening new spaces for rain water harvesting, producing more feed for livestock and selling them off regularly, and exploiting the huge fisheries potential of Lake Turkana.

The extension service must wake up to a new calling — revamped and re-orientated in service delivery. Farmers need much information if they are to succeed. There is need for new and diversified varieties of seeds along with new farming packages to include planting, husbandry, harvesting and safe post-harvest storage for home use and delayed marketing. The surplus must be sold at competitive markets.

The livestock value chain faces similar challenges in service delivery and marketing for live animals and livestock products. In-county processing of livestock and access to both national and export markets for processed products is a calculated path the county is willing to pilot.

The fisheries value chain has been simply under-exploited. About 70% of Lake Turkana waters are in Marsabit County, presenting great opportunities to develop this sub-sector as a significant income generating and food source, both for the county and for export.

The county will include all actors in the public sector, NGOs, faith-based organisations and the private sector in both investment and service delivery. Development partners and private sector actors will be invited to participate in developing the county and be part of the success of this Sector Plan.

The potential for diversifying our county’s economy is immense. Energy is crucial for accelerating industrialisation and overall growth. Marsabit County is endowed with great potential for generation of wind and solar power. Already, the largest wind power generation station in East and Central Africa is close to completion on the eastern flank of Lake Turkana. Explorations are on-going in search of fossil fuels, underground water and economic minerals. Success in these sectors can only strengthen our agricultural base.

It is our vision that these productive sectors of the economy, supported by well-structured social and political pillars of the county government, will propel the economy of Marsabit County towards the targets set out in the Vision 2030 national long term plan.

H.E. Amb. Ukur Yattani KanachoGovernor, Marsabit County

Foreword

vAgriculture Sector Plan 2013 – 2017

T his Agriculture Sector plan was deemed necessary for several reasons. First, the devolved system of government requires that the counties chart their own development pathways, given the unique conditions each county faces. This is therefore an initial

attempt to create a baseline for the Agriculture Sector, within the guidelines of the County Integrated Development Plan and the wider Kenya Vision 2030. Clearly more work needs to be done to develop credible baselines for each thematic area we choose to focus on.Secondly, the new political and constitutional dispensation demands that each development activity be as consultative and as inclusive as possible. For the Agriculture Sector, this cannot be over-emphasized considering that 95% of the county population depends on the sector for their livelihood.

Third, Marsabit County is categorised as arid with very delicate ecological systems. These systems are increasingly coming under pressure as human population expands. A large section of the county population has been on food aid for several decades now and malnutrition rates for young children, pregnant and nursing mothers, the elderly and the infirm have risen to worrying levels during episodes of drought. The gap between current food production and the food demand in the county is alarmingly wide. These challenges bring to the fore the urgent need to use climate-smart technologies in agriculture and in environmental conservation if the county is to be sustainably food self-sufficient within the Kenya Vision 2030 development phase.

Fourth, we are conscious that development resources are and will remain scarce for a long time. A criterion to guide allocation of scarce resources to activities with the highest socio-economic benefits is highly desirable. Further, the benefits derived must be measurable. This Sector Plan presents the opportunity to develop operational plans and corresponding budgets on the basis of clear targets. We expect that these targets can be converted into performance indicators of service delivery by management and staff of the sector.

Finally, this Sector Plan allows and encourages both local and foreign development partners to find their best fit in the development map of our county. Public private partnerships are highly valued and encouraged, and we look forward to coordinating and harmonising service and input delivery mechanisms for best results.

This Sector Plan is a living document that will need periodic reviews and updates. We expect several complementary operational guidelines and policies to be developed in the process of implementing the plan. With development of more accurate baselines, we expect many targets to be reviewed and hopefully some will be surpassed. Piloting proven technologies and innovating new ones is a common refrain throughout this plan — and for a good reason. Marsabit County has to develop at a rate “above average” to catch up with our more developed county neighbours and meet the lofty goals set in Vision 2030. The Agriculture Sector is expected to contribute a significant part of the accelerated growth.

This expectations raised by this Sector Plan are high, but so is our enthusiasm!

Dr James Dokhe AboranCounty Executive Committee MemberAgriculture, Livestock and Fisheries DevelopmentMarsabit County

Preface

vi Marsabit County Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

W riting this sectoral strategy was the idea of the Agriculture Sector of Marsabit County, led by the County Executive Committee Member for Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development, Dr James Dokhe Aboran. The end result is however a

mix of very many contributions from the grassroots to the county level and beyond. Many ideas were borrowed from published and unpublished sources. The sub-county teams, composed of farmers, pastoralists, fishermen, traders and both public and private sector service providers generated practical ideas that they would like to carry through to implementation. We trust their expectations are amply captured in this document. The technical teams did an excellent job of synthesizing and validating the information contained in this strategy.

The facilitating/editing team therefore wishes to acknowledge and thank all persons and institutions whose ideas and materials have been used in compiling this sectoral plan. Mr Francis Chabari, GIZ Consultant, was the lead facilitator and assisted by Dr George Njoroge and Haji Mahamoud, both of USAID REGAL-AG.

USAID, through the Resilience and Economic Growth in the Arid Lands-Accelerated Growth (REGAL-AG) and the Food Security and Drought Resilience Programme (FSDRP) of GIZ contributed resources that brought the teams together and carried the process through to editing and printing. These institutions and many others that contributed professional staff as members to the technical teams deserve many thanks for these their significant contributions.

Appreciation also goes to the many members of other sectors of the county government and the County Assembly that found time to sit in the many validation sessions and give their contributions.

Special thanks go to the Governor of Marsabit County, H.E. Amb. Ukur Yattani Kanacho, for taking a personal interest in the entire process of compiling this Sector Plan and encouraging the facilitating teams to think in innovative ways. We hope that we have captured the Governor’s desires and aspirations to see Marsabit County food self-sufficient in the shortest time possible.

Alex A Guleid Arero Halkano Chief Officer Chief Officer Agriculture sub-sector Livestock and Fisheries sub-sectors

Acknowledgements

viiAgriculture Sector Plan 2013 – 2017

An overview of what the Sector Plan highlights and addresses

Problem identified Suggested solutions/ interventions/ strategies

Serious water deficit in the county

Rain water harvesting, increased exploration for underground water, economic use of available water for food production, water distribution for livestock

Serious food deficits Expanding cropping area, achieving higher productivity, greater diversity of crop foods, increasing contribution of livestock sector to attaining food security, increasing shelf-life of food products, use of solar energy for processing, adopt conservation agriculture

Poor sources of research-tested evidence (affecting policy making and rollout to food security)

Developing partnerships with research, innovation/business incubation centresDeveloping connectivity links with knowledge management institutions

Frequent droughts, more intense impacts of drought

Drought-smart technologies in agriculture, improved early warning/early response mechanisms, improved early drought off-take of livestock, use of hydroponic techniques for fodder production to save productive/young livestock, livestock species diversification, increasing camel herds, support herd/flock mobility, more cross-border trade

Undeveloped fish industry Orderly management of BMUs, evidence-based exploitation, diverse marketing outlets, diverse use of products and by-products, hygienic preservation methods, greater use of solar energy for processing, utilise by-products for animal feed processing

Low participation of youth in agriculture

Greater focus on youth in schools, greater use of ICT in agriculture, commercial orientation for agriculture, contract farming, higher rates of mechanisation

Challenge from trans-boundary animal diseases

Enhanced disease surveillance, targeted disease control along international borders, mobile clinical teams

High government taxes, poor representation

Stronger producer/trader associations, inclusive stakeholder tax setting, greater allocation of funding to product value chain development, developing guiding policies

Poor/inadequate service delivery Greater private sector inclusiveness in service delivery, improved service delivery from public sector, improved capacity of service staff, improved delivery equipment and tools, greater use of ICT, effective/improved M&E systems, performance contracting for staff

Low public private partnerships (PPPs)

Greater incentive for private sector, greater private management of public equity, flexible PPP policies

Highlights at a glance

viii Marsabit County Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

Problem identified Suggested solutions/ interventions/ strategies

Frequent conflicts Manage human-human/ human-wildlife conflicts, manage/ reduce livestock rustling, minimise economic banditry, develop appropriate policies, strengthen traditional conflict resolution structures, strengthen environmental/water/ resource management committees

Inadequate funding sources Lobby for increased county allocations to sector, raise sectoral revenues (A in A), form county fundraising committees, develop fundraising proposals, invite donor-funded programmes, raise loans for income-generating projects

Low capacity in county Train and equip staff, farmers and institutions in agricultural production, invite staff seconded from national government and other organisations, build in technical assistance with funded projects, strengthen strategic partnerships

Early warning/early response Link with early warning institutions like FEWSnet, CEWARN and NDMA, include Early Warning data in programme monitoring, subscribe to KFSG mailing list

High rates of pastoral drop-outs Absorb into new irrigation projects, train in complementary activities in crop and livestock value chains, expand to poultry/honey activities

Undeveloped potential for honey products

Honey production enhanced in Ngurunit, Illaut, South Horr, Mt Kulal, Marsabit Mountain, Sololo, Dabel, Godoma

Under-developed poultry sub-sector

Greater focus on zones currently keeping poultry, pilot poultry business with organised groups, establish feed processing within county

Low diversification of economy/enterprises

Value add to production as necessary; expand complementary value chains, create room for conservancies

Poor policy environment Develop appropriate policies, enact conservation laws

Nutrition concerns for children (especially from sedentary households), pregnant mothers, old and infirm

Aim to increase food availability/access/affordability, improve nutritional quality and storability of foods, greater links with Ministry of Health, link with social safety net programmes for the elderly/infirm

Shortage of investment capital from commercial sources

Exploit KWFT resources more for women, establish Sharia- compliant products, negotiate preferential terms with commercial banks, more public funds for piloting, build capital through associations/chamas

Potential of livestock value chains under-utilised

Commercial growing of livestock fodder, wider range of processed meat products, greater use of livestock meat by-products for complementary industries (crafts, animal feeds etc.), greater use of manure on farms, greater use of animal power as appropriate, gender inclusiveness in all sectors

Inadequate alignment of CIDP with Kenya Vision 2030

Additional content for current CIDP in this Sector Plan

ixAgriculture Sector Plan 2013 – 2017

Abbreviations and acronyms used in the table above can be found on page iv

SECTION ONEDeveloping the Agriculture Sector Plan 2013 - 2017

x Marsabit County Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

Marsabit County comprises a large portion of the northern Kenya ASAL region, totalling 70,961 sq. km (about 11.2% of the total Kenyan landmass). The Vision 2030 development strategy for northern Kenya and other counties of the arid lands aims toward “a secure, just and prosperous northern Kenya where people achieve their full potential and enjoy a high quality of life” (GoK, 2012). Marsabit County is also a market gateway to Ethiopia. The county is endowed with a wealth of livestock, cultural diversity, and natural resources that if well harnessed can make a valuable contribution to the livelihoods of its people, as well as boosting the overall Kenyan economy.

For many years, much effort and resources from public as well as private sector actors have been expended in the county, all aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the agriculture and livestock sectors, and the resilience of the vulnerable population. There have been ambitious plans by well-intentioned donors to develop the county, particularly through the capture of private sector investment in commercial agricultural activities and pastoral livestock value chains, which are often uncoordinated or end up incomplete. Exploitation of fishery resources has never had high priority with the government, the private sector or development organisations/projects. Despite the many efforts in agriculture and fisheries, there has not been a comprehensive, sector-wide development plan that also offers a coordination platform to shape public sector investments and prioritised actions to attract or promote private sector investment.

The newly formed county government of Marsabit is required to strategically coordinate, prioritise and

monitor investments in the agriculture, livestock and fisheries sub-sectors from both public and private stakeholders/actors, and ensure prudent utilisation of resources. To be effective, the county ministry requires a clear understanding of the current state of the whole sector, as well as the sub-sector’s performance potential, which also captures short, medium and long term investment opportunities.

Other challenges facing Marsabit County include: • Lack of structures and systems that can guide

implementation and monitoring of investment in the agriculture, livestock and fisheries sub-sectors at the county level,

• Lack of capacity to design, coordinate and monitor realistic sector-wide programming,

• Despite being an economic mainstay, as well as a source of revenue, there is a lack of updated inventory on the potential and constraints facing the sector, and

• An absence of a facts-based platform from which to launch public private partnerships and promotion.

It is against this background that the USAID Kenya’s Resilience and Economic Growth in the Arid Lands – Accelerated Growth (REGAL-AG) and German Development Cooperation through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) have teamed up with the Marsabit County Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development to develop this sector-wide development plan.

1 The background

1Agriculture Sector Plan 2013 – 2017

Kenya’s Vision 2030 envisions a middle income country by the year 2030. The Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries sector is one of the productive sectors of the Vision 2030 Economic Pillar that the country counts on to deliver this vision.

This development plan for the Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries sub-sector is based on the processes and requirements as per the County Governments Act (No. 17 of 2012) Part XI – County Planning, and the booklet Acts Relating to Devolution, Volume 1 Part XI titled ‘County Planning’ (2013) by Uraia Trust. This booklet discusses in detail the need for county integrated development plans (CIDPs) and the need to further develop implementable county sectoral plans (Section 109) for each county department. The process further demands consultation and wide involvement of the public that would be directly or indirectly affected by implementation of the county plans.

The immediate focus of the Sector Plan is on activities and intervention areas that were identified and programmed into the 2013 – 2017 County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) and for which funding had been sought. The development targets of CIDP 2013 - 2017 coincide exactly with the targets highlighted under Medium Term Plan II (MTP-II) of the Kenya Vision 2030. Further, Marsabit County has domesticated the national Agriculture Sector Development Strategy (ASDS), through which several county-based agricultural projects have been funded.

The document has taken note of the framework developed for the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). For the immediate short term, this sector plan will mainly be aligned to CAADP Pillar 3 that aims at “Increasing food supply, reducing hunger and improving responses to food emergency crises”. The plan will however be implemented by applying strategies to extend the

area under sustainable land management and reliable water control systems (Pillar 1), improving access to markets (Pillar 2), and applying (piloting) proven research-tested technologies to accelerate food and productivity (Pillar 4).

This Sector Plan also seeks to better coordinate the several funding initiatives from development partners that have been negotiated to cover several counties, specifically the World Bank-funded Regional Pastoral Livelihoods Resilience Project and the Africa Development Bank-funded Drought Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Program in the Horn of Africa (DRSLP) of the state departments of Livestock and Agriculture respectively. Both of these projects cover Marsabit County among other counties in ASAL areas.

Many multilateral and bilateral development partners and NGOs also have short to medium term programmes in the county, including Germany’s GIZ, Britain’s DFID, America’s USAID, the EU, Japan’s JICA, Sweden’s SIDA, the French Development Agency, ASF, and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), among others. The specialisation and spatial distribution of these development partners is presented in the Service Provision sections of the Sector Plan (Annex 4).

This document makes technical references to the Kenya National Dairy Master Plan, vols. 1 & 2 (2010), the Ending Drought Emergencies – Kenya Country Paper, the government Strategy for Revitalising Agriculture and many other strategic policy papers focusing on the thematic area of building drought resilience and enhancing food security in the ASALs of Kenya and the Horn of Africa in general.

The teams that compiled this Sector Plan have aligned their work to these key documents and many more.

2 Anchoring the sector plan

2 Marsabit County Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

introduction

The development of this Sector Plan was a collaborative effort between the County Executive Committee Member and technical teams in the sector, the USAID-funded Resilience and Economic Growth in the Arid Lands – Accelerated Growth (REGAL-AG) and the German Government through GIZ. The strategy is aimed at guiding all the investments by stakeholders/actors in all the 3 sub-sectors in the short term, medium term and long term. In addition, the strategy is expected to align the county agricultural sector to the national development blueprints, especially Kenya Vision 2030. The plan was born out of a request by Dr James Dokhe Akiboran, the Marsabit County Executive Committee (CEC) Member for the Agriculture Sector, to REGAL-AG. In this collaboration REGAL-AG availed the resources for participatory consultative processes and a co-facilitator, while GIZ provided the main facilitator who provided the overall guidance to the development process of the sector plan. In order to ensure that the plan development process is inclusive, the facilitators held participatory consultative workshops in all the 4 sub-counties (Laisamis, Moyale, North Horr and Saku. The participants to the 4 workshops were carefully selected to include men, women and youth, at the same time making sure that they represented the key economic activities being carried within the 3 sub-sectors in the respective sub-counties. In addition, selected members of County Assembly (MCA) and ward administrators were also invited.

Consultative process

The Sector Plan development process was organised into several phases.

Phase i

As part of the plan development consultation and planning, Phase I involved the initial discussions between the county government and key development

partners. This was followed by consultative meetings to discuss and agree on the various processes of developing the Sector Plan. In order to generate and prioritise key challenges and constraints in the 3 sub-sectors, the ministry’s technical staff and selected farmer representatives were asked to identify the main constraints/challenges inhibiting growth and productivity of the agriculture, livestock and fisheries sub-sectors in Marsabit County. Then the participants, with assistance of the facilitators, discussed and clustered the constraints/challenges around specific themes.

Finally, there were 8 thematic cluster areas judged to be critical in terms of growing the 3 sub-sectors. The 8 themes were defined as expected outcomes of the plan, and all the subsequent deliberations/discussions in the plan development process were guided by them.

3 Methodology

eight expected outcomes

1. Improved production and productivity of the sectors

2. Sustainable access to adequate, nutritious, quality food for all, and at all times

3. Enabling environment through development of appropriate policies and enactment of laws that support growth of the subsectors created

4. Enhanced market access and competiveness

5. Gender and social inclusion in planning, decision making and implementation

6. Climate change adaptation and mitigation initiatives promoted

7. Enhanced access to credible, updated information and knowledge management systems

8. Affordable, accessible and effective service delivery system established


Phase ii: Sub-counties workshops

Four participatory consultative workshops were carried out in the 4 sub-counties (Laisamis, Moyale, North Horr and Saku), mainly aimed at:

1. Giving the participants a chance to articulate the sector’s aspirations in their sub-counties, and

2. Capturing sub-county-specific data/information that was to form part of the plan (see Annex 3 showing participants’ representation in the sub-county workshops).

These sub-county deliberations are captured in Chapter 4.

Phase iii: County-wide workshop

This involved carrying out of a county-wide consensus building and harmonisation workshop, that brought together selected representatives from among those who attended the sub-county workshops, who in turn presented what was discussed and prioritised at their sub-county level, to the county-wide plenary for consensus building and harmonisation. In addition the potential investment opportunities/areas for both the public and private sectors, and innovations that could be piloted as quick wins, were highlighted.

Phase iv: Data/report fine-tuning sessions

Selected members of the sector technical staff (Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries), development agencies (FAO, World Vision, Anglican Development Services and the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, KALRO), and rapporteurs of the consultative workshops conducted data/report fine-tuning sessions to finalise the draft narrative reports and thematic/outcomes areas as matrices, from the 4 sub-counties. This list of the technical team is presented as Annex 1.

Phase v: validation workshop

As part of the finalisation of the Sector Plan development process, the facilitators developed a draft report and presented it to the key stakeholders in a 2-day validation workshop, which was organised into sessions aimed at authenticating the data/information in the draft report and filling in any identified gaps, as well as addressing areas of inconsistencies.

Presentation of Sector Plan

Section 1 presents the justification, context of the regional and national policy guidelines to which the Sector Plan is anchored, the methodology and general profile of Marsabit County.

Section 2 presents a detailed situational analysis of the Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries sub-sectors. The sections are separated and colour-coded for easy referencing. For each sub-sector, a detailed analysis of the immediate past and current interventions under Medium Term Plans 1 (2008 – 2012) and 2 (2013 – 2017) of the Vision 2030 are presented.

Additional interventions have also been proposed as a major request in developing this Sector Plan was to enrich the current CIDP (2013-2017). Jointly, the interventions proposed for the current MTP 2 and CIDP are projected to make Marsabit County 50% food sufficient by the end of 2017.

The Plan further projects targets to be met through successive MTPs 3, 4 and 5 within the life of Vision 2030 to ensure Marsabit is in tandem with the other counties in propelling Kenya to middle income nation status by the year 2030.


4 Marsabit County profile

Geo-physical characteristics

Marsabit County is the second largest of Kenya’s 47 counties. It is part of the approximately 80% of the country’s landmass classified as arid and semi-arid land (ASAL), where the primary livelihood system is either pastoralism or agro-pastoralism. These are the regions where most of Kenya’s wildlife parks and conservancies are located. Approximately 95% of ASAL households derive their income from the livestock sub-sector, holding 70% of the livestock produced in the country. About 30% of the country’s human population lives in the ASALs.

The livestock sub-sector in Kenya employs 40% of the labour force; 60-80% of the labour force in the sub-sector are women.

Marsabit County is located in the upper eastern region of the Republic of Kenya and borders Ethiopia to the north. Wajir County lies to the east, Isiolo County to the south, Samburu County to the southwest, and Turkana County to the west (see figure below). Marsabit County, covering an area of 70,961 sq. km (about 11.2% of the total landmass of Kenya), is the second largest county in Kenya after Turkana.

The county generally comprises low plains between 530-760 m above sea level, occasionally interrupted by mountain ranges — the Ndoto Mountains (peaking at 2500 m) and Mt Nyiru (3010 m) in the southwest part of the county, Mt Marsabit (1707 m) and Mt Kulal (2430 m) in the west. Other landforms are sedimentary plains, volcanic plateaus, volcanic or gneissic ranges and hills. The Chalbi desert, a saline lake bed lying 435-500 m above sea level is a true desert and the lowest land surface in the county. Soil characteristics vary with the diverse terrain but are for the most part typical of the soils of the arid zones: poor texture, shallow, of low fertility, and of low organic content.

The county occupies the driest region of the country. It is located in the Somalia-Chalbi desert belt that transcends Somalia and spills over to northern Kenya. Low rainfall and high temperatures combined with high potential evaporation and evapo-transpiration which exceeds actual annual precipitation leads to a marked moisture deficiency.

The county lies between latitudes 02° 45’ and 04° 27’ N and longitudes 37° 57’and 39° 21’ E.1

1 Marsabit County Integrated Development Plan, 2013-2017

Figure 1: Map of Kenya showing location of Marsabit County


Climatic variations, land uses and livelihoods

Due to variations in the terrain, rainfall also varies. For instance, the lowest part of the county receives less than 200 mm of rainfall per annum while Mt Marsabit at much higher elevation (1707 m) receives a mean annual rainfall of 800 mm. The rainfall displays both temporal and spatial variation and is bimodal in distribution. Short rains are received in October and November while long rains are received in March, April and May. The duration, amount and reliability of rainfall increase with altitude. Drought as a phenomenon is common in many parts of the county, putting severe stress on the fragile and arid ecosystem.

With the exception of a few relatively wetter areas — on the top of mountains like Marsabit and Kulal, the Hurri Hills and the Moyale-Sololo escarpment — this aridity generally limits crop production and arable farming is restricted to just 3% of the county‘s total land mass. In the remaining areas, pastoralism is the predominant mode of land use for the vast rangelands that in part display desert-like features for most of the year. Erratic rainfall and increasing frequency of drought are intrinsic features of the ASALs of northern Kenya. The socio-economic and environmental costs of drought seem to be rising with the pastoralist communities disproportionately bearing the bigger burden as they are primarily dependent on livestock for their livelihoods and lead nomadic lifestyles.

During a severe drought, pastoralists may lose more than 50% of their herds. The frequency and severity of droughts hinder recovery as herd growth is disrupted by a new drought before the recovery phase is completed. Limited pasture has led to overgrazing in the lowlands and forest encroachment, resulting in severe environmental degradation. Drought stress places excessive pressure on an already fragile environment and on populations struggling to sustain their livelihoods with ever-increasing herds of livestock. During high stress periods, the natural resource base (water, pasture) becomes insufficient to support large numbers of livestock. Consequently, many animals die and those that survive cannot provide enough milk and other products to sustain household food security.

Human nutritional challenges

Food shortages in terms of quantity and quality are experienced frequently following each major drought. The households dropping out of pastoralism are increasing, and many communities have settled around Marsabit and Moyale towns where the conditions are favourable for farming and where security is relatively assured. The recent droughts, even though considered modest, have had a severe impact on the nutritional status of households. Research has documented that children from sedentary communities suffer far higher malnutrition rates than mobile pastoralist children who have more access to milk (especially from camels, even during droughts) and other livestock-based foods. In particular, age-specific height and weight measurements for the nomadic pastoral community are significantly higher than same-aged measurements of children from the sedentary villages. In most of the droughts, malnutrition rates for children under 5 years has frequently returned figures above the 15% global acute malnutrition (GAM) thresholds established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, women and especially pregnant women showed higher levels of malnutrition in the settled communities2. More recent studies show alarming high rates of malnutrition among pregnant women compared to the children.3

Water and drainage systems

There are no permanent rivers in the county, but 4 drainage systems exist, covering an area of 948 km2. Chalbi Desert is the largest of these drainage systems. The depression receives run-off from the surrounding lava and basement surfaces of Mt Marsabit, Hurri Hills, Mt Kulal and the Ethiopian plateau. The seasonal rivers of Milgis and Merille to the extreme south flow eastward and drain into the Soriadi Swamp. Other drainage systems include the Dida Galgallu plain which receives run-off from the eastern slopes of the Hurri Hills, and the Laga Balal from the Ethiopian highlands. These drainage systems offer potential for

2 Elliot Fratkin, Martha A Nathan, and Eric A. Roth (2006). “Is Settling Good for Pastoralists? The Effects of Pastoral Sedentarization on Children’s Nutrition, Growth, and Health among Rendille and Ariaal of Marsabit District, Northern Kenya”. ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya.

3 Carter, Rachel (2006). IRIN Report, New York, USA.


expanded agriculture through flood irrigation for both food and livestock fodder as sub-sector interventions in Section 3.

Forest vegetation

The county has 2 indigenous forests — Mt Marsabit and Mt Kulal — with a size of 152.8 km2 and167.3 km2 respectively. The only gazetted forest in the county is Mt Marsabit forest, also a national park. Mt Kulal forest is not gazetted. Mt Marsabit forest has various tree species such as Olea spp, Croton spp, Stombosia spp, Cassia spp, Cordia spp, Jacaranda spp, Acacia spp and Moringa spp. The forest also acts as fall-back grazing area during the dry season for livestock and has potential for tourism.

Political and administrative units

The county is divided into 4 constituencies, namely Laisamis, Moyale, North Horr and Saku, and 20 electoral wards. The county has 2 major urban centres: Moyale and Marsabit and 5 town centres namely: Sololo, Maikona, North Horr, Loiyangalani and Laisamis. From the 2009 national census, the county‘s projected population was 316,200 people in 2012. The projection is based on an annual growth rate of 2.75%. The population is projected to increase to 372,900 persons by 2017. The county has a sex ratio of 1:1.

Administratively, the county is divided into seven districts, namely Marsabit Central, Marsabit South (Laisamis), Marsabit North, Chalbi (Maikona), Loiyangalani, Moyale and Sololo. As indicated in table below, the districts are further divided into 14 divisions, 58 locations and 112 sub-locations.

Marsabit livelihood zones

The pastoral production system forms the bulk of the main livelihood zones in the county and includes about 80% of the population as shown in Figure 3 below. The other significant livelihood type is the agro-pastoral livelihood system which accounts for about 16% of the population. Other minor livelihood zones include formal employment and fisherfolk along Lake Turkana. The main source of income in the pastoral livelihood zone is from the sale of livestock and livestock products, which accounts for about 85% of all county income. In the agro-pastoral livelihood zone, livestock and food crop production account for 50% of all income. Poor households are more vulnerable and exposed to droughts than better-off households

Districts Area km no. of divisions no. of locations no. of sub-locations

Marsabit Central 2,052.0 2 11 22

Marsabit South 8,560.0 2 7 16

Marsabit north 20,685.6 2 6 10

Loiyangalani 11,730.5 2 4 14

north Horr 18,562.4 2 7 8

Moyale 2,770.1 2 13 26

Sololo 6,600.6 2 10 16

total 70,961.2 14 58 112

table 1: Administrative divisions of Marsabit County

Figure 2: Flood plains are potential flood-irrigated farming areas


The very low population density and low purchasing power of the population mean that demand for goods and services is low and rarely sufficiently concentrated to support the growth of spontaneous and competitive market systems. For the very poor, the single most important source of food in the reference 2013 was food aid, followed by purchase and wild foods. In the agro-pastoral livelihood zone, 70% and 15% of the population are fully settled and semi nomadic respectively. The rest of the population is either migrant labour or occasionally nomadic.

the three livelihoods of Marsabit County

1. All-pastoral livelihood zone — 81% 2. Agro-pastoral livelihood zone —16% 3. Others (formal employment, casual waged

labour, petty trade) — 3%

economic sectors of the county

The Livestock sub-sector in Kenya contributes more than 50% of the agricultural GDP and 13% of the national GDP. The sector therefore plays a crucial role at both national and household level and has been identified as critical to the overall economic and social development.

Through agricultural commodities originating from livestock, which include milk, hides and skins, meat and eggs, the sector employs about 50% of the agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce.

The county economy has the following: Agriculture 5,060 ha under food and cash crop; livestock has 424,603 head of cattle, 1,143,480 goats, 960,004 sheep, 203,320 camels, 63,861 donkeys, and 50,690 poultry.4

4 Republic of Kenya (2009). Human Population and Housing Census.

as they have fewer reserves of food or cash to fall back on and fewer options for generating additional income in both livelihood zones. In particular, disadvantaged groups such as female-headed households, orphans, the disabled, the elderly and the infirm are particularly exposed to the negative impacts of droughts. These groups tend to settle as the men migrate with the livestock to better grazing and secure areas. Consequently they are left without access to milk and adequate food and must rely on alternative forms of livelihoods such as charcoal burning. These sources provide very low income and cash, which in turn limit their capacity to access basic services such as water, health and education. Other minor sources of income in the county include petty trade, casual wages and formal employment. Markets in all the livelihood zones are very poorly developed. There are many reasons for this, including very poor roads, lack of market infrastructure, isolation from any large urban centre of demand, and poor security. There are few market structures in the county and marketing events are not regular. Those parts of Ethiopia that border Marsabit County are sparsely populated and offer little in the way of trading opportunities for communities living along the border. Moyale town however is a vibrant border trade hub, especially for livestock.

Figure 3: Livelihood zones of Marsabit County


The fishing sub-sector is still under-developed considering that only 630 MT of fish are harvested annually and landed on the eastern side of Lake Turkana. Most of the fish caught is sun-dried, which causes a major loss in market value of the fish. The county has only 4 Beach Management Units (BMUs) currently recorded and trained by the Fisheries Department.

The tourism sector is also substantially under-developed, mainly because the infrastructure has presented serious challenges. The county has excellent desert landscapes and unique forest and grassland hills that are scenic for development as tourist destinations. The Lake Turkana ecosystem is endowed with a rich archaeological fossil heritage dating over 100 million years, back into the dinosaur age, and is one of Kenya’s 6 world heritage sites. The lake is the world’s largest desert as well as alkaline lake and contains the world’s largest colony of crocodiles.

Explorations continue in search of fossil fuels and underground water aquifers that are thought to exist. These two resources would be a game changer for the economy of the county if economic deposits are discovered.

Climate change, mitigation and adaptation

Global warming and climate change are a reality in Marsabit County. There are changes in weather patterns that have accelerated the rate at which rangelands are turning into deserts. Rains have become sporadic and unpredictable, causing loss of biodiversity.

Drought is one of the biggest threats to Kenya Vision 2030. It has dramatic consequences for the country, causing widespread suffering and asset loss among drought-prone communities. It also has a major impact on the economy: the 2008-2011 drought


Lake turkana: the lake ecosystem is a Unesco World Heritage Site with great potential for tourism.

cost Kenya US$ 12.1 billion in damages and losses combined and slowed GDP growth by an average of 2.8% per annum.5 Without urgent action, these impacts will worsen as climate change deepens. Better management of drought is therefore critical to national development.

Since droughts evolve slowly, their impacts can be monitored and reduced. The Kenya government paper Ending Drought Emergencies in Kenya6 spells out the 2 simultaneous strategies that the country will follow to eliminate the worst of these impacts. First, on an ongoing basis and regardless of prevailing drought conditions, it will take measures to strengthen people’s resilience to drought. These measures will be the responsibility of all sectors, since drought vulnerability is the product of deeper inequalities in access to public goods and services. Second, it will improve the monitoring of, and response to, emerging drought conditions in ways that harness the efforts of all actors – communities, the government and its development partners – in an effective and efficient manner. This will be the responsibility of the new National Drought Management Authority (NDMA).

The programme to End Drought Emergencies (EDE) emerged in the wake of the 2008-11 droughts in the Horn of Africa. At a summit of heads of state and government in Nairobi in September 2011, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) was directed to coordinate member states in implementing this initiative. The Kenya country paper

5 Kenya, Government (2012). Kenya Post-Drought Needs Assessment of 2008-11 Drought.

6 Kenya, Government (2012). Ending Drought Emergencies in Kenya: Country Programme Paper.

seeks to create ‘a more conducive environment for building drought resilience’. It will do this primarily by investing in the critical foundations for development (such as infrastructure, security and human capital) and by strengthening the institutional and financing framework for drought risk management with the new NDMA at its core. The Kenya paper commits the government to end drought emergencies within 10 years.

The concept of ‘resilience’ has become very topical, for 3 reasons: first, to avoid the human suffering and other costs of late response, highlighted for example in the Post Disaster Needs Assessment of the 2008-11 drought period. A second reason is the increase in climate variability and the need to prepare for the more substantial consequences of future climate change. Third, the concept of resilience appears to bridge the divide between the conventional spheres of ‘relief’ and ‘development’, offering a more holistic and helpful approach in situations of chronic food insecurity.

The EDE programme is in line with the Constitution of Kenya (2010), particularly the national values and principles of governance such as human dignity, social justice, and protection of the marginalised. Article 43 guarantees the right of all Kenyans to be free from hunger, one of the main causes of which is unmanaged drought. Significant parts of the programme will be implemented through the new devolved structures, particularly in peace and security, health, and sustainable livelihoods, and coordinated by the county offices of the National Drought Management Authority working in close partnership with county planning units.



SECTION TWOAnalyses of the Agriculture, Livestock

and Fisheries sub-sectors

5 Thematic analyses by sub-sector

Generally it was accepted that the core tasks for the Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries Sector was:

• Firstly, to enhance food security for the people of Marsabit County, a population that is growing at 2.74% per annum. At present rate, the food deficit has been expanding as food production has been declining.

• Secondly, to transform it into an income generating/poverty alleviating sector of the county economy.

• thirdly, to enhance the resilience of the communities to the frequent droughts and other climatic shocks experienced in the county.

These core objectives were further developed into the 8 thematic areas as presented in the Methodology (Section 1, Chapter 3).

3.1 AGriCULtUre SUb-SeCtor

3.1.1 increased production and productivity

Crop farming in the county faces serious challenges from erratic climatic conditions. While the soils in some areas are generally good for farming, rainfall is frequently below requirements for adequate crop growth to maturity. Regions around Mt Marsabit and Moyale have the highest probabilities for a successful crop during average rainy seasons. Main cash crops grown in the county are vegetables and fruits. These fetch the best prices, being generally in short supply as cropping areas in the county are limited. Food crops include maize, wheat, teff, green grams, cowpeas, beans and millet. Marsabit County is on record as having produced a bumper maize crop in the year 1992 and selling the surplus through the National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB) stores in Marsabit.

• Crop diversification towards drought tolerant crops

• Value addition along key value chains• Introduce industrial crops to spur county

economy• Flood irrigation to expand production• Increase availability and judicious use of

farming inputs to increase productivity• Use of more effective, results-oriented

extension methods• Use of proven smart technologies for

production, processing and storage management for food

• Establish strategic partnerships for new knowledge and technological support

• Capacity building /training of county staff; M&E

• Increased use of ATVETs and formal schools for greater inclusion of youth in agriculture

• Increased mechanization in agriculture• Establishments of cereal banks to receive food

supplies and strategic seed storage • Training and equipping of youth in service

delivery• Promotion of contract farming for seeds and

market-oriented high value crops

Key leverages for change


The county has a huge potential to grow a wide range of additional food and industrial crops including the following:• Fruits: mangoes, yellow passion, pineapples,

pawpaw, citrus, avocado and bananas• Industrial/cash crops: jojoba, aloe spp., sisal,

coffee, macadamia and cotton• Food crops: sorghum, cowpeas, chickpeas,

NERICA1 rice, sweet potatoes, cassava, pumpkins, eggplant

• Oil crops: safflower and sunflower

1 New Rice for Africa (NERICA): an upland rice variety promoted as an alternative food security crop in semi-arid lands of Kenya.

The other major challenge is the reduced acreage under crop production in favour of high-income-yielding miraa (khat). Although the income from miraa is substantial, it is unfortunately shared among few households and has a huge cost on society from managing addiction and the huge wastage of man-hours spent chewing the product, time that could otherwise be utilised in productive activities. (This possibly forms a strong case for policy enactment to manage this economic loss.)

Other reasons behind the decline include the expansion of Marsabit town into farming areas, and the decision by the NCPB depot in Marsabit to stop buying farm produce from farmers in 1992 due to lack of purchase funds from government. From 1995 to 1997, massive

enterprise Ha % of total acreage under production

remarks

General crops 4800 92 Out of the total arable land of 1,534,000 Ha, only 5,218 Ha are utilised, which represents 0.3% of potential area for cultivation

Horticulture 318 6

Fruits 100 2

total Ha 5,218

table 2: existing farming systems

AGriCULtUre SUb-SeCtor


A large potential for irrigated crops

relief food operations flooded Marsabit with free food which affected market prices of farm produce, which in turn discouraged local production. Soil fertility has also declined due to high rates of soil erosion and low use of manure and fertilisers. Finally, the farmers living next to the forest have reduced interest to grow crops as destruction by wildlife has been on the increase

Crop production

The percentage of the county population involved in the crop sub-sector is 2% and the sub-sector contributes about 2% to the county economy. However, given its potential this is bound to change with time as the demand for non-livestock food increases with the growing population. This will imply exploitation of all water resources in the county and also use of climate smart technologies like conservation agriculture and introduction of drought tolerant crop varieties.

The county exploits 5,218 Ha for crops annually, representing about 42% of the projected yearly potential of 12,244 Ha. The department has had an annual target of 8,688 Ha for the last 3 years for all crops in the county.

The county has about 1,534,000 Ha that can be turned into productive agricultural land; however the largest part of this arable land is covered by wet season grazing land, settlements and water catchment areas.

The main livelihood of the county is nomadic pastoralism which is the antithesis of settled agriculture, restraining most of the population from venturing into crop production. With the introduction of micro-irrigation projects, communities have come to appreciate the impact of crop farming on their food security and household incomes and it is projected that as population grows and the county’s crop production capacity develops, more nomadic pastoralists will adopt the agro-pastoralist way of life. The major field crops grown in the county are cereals and beans (76%), green grams and cowpeas (1%), and horticultural crops (10%).

Under the current devolved government leadership, the support given to crop production is substantial and an incremental target of 10,000 Ha per year is foreseen for the next 3 years. This calls for investment

in advisory services and input supply and marketing systems development as well as for irrigation infrastructure development.

Invasive species

There are new diverse species of pest and weeds over the past 20 years associated with high temperature and degraded rangelands, e.g. Prosopis spp. and insect pests.

Cropping land use patterns

The important socio-cultural characteristics of some areas is the communal land ownership, based on traditional customary law, in which all the individuals born in the area have the right to use, but not to sell the land. The system does not encourage investment on a permanent basis or the long-term improvement or development of the land. This land tenure system in the cropping zones is one of the major constraints to sustainable land resources management, leading to severe land degradation, perhaps calling for review or enactment of appropriate policies to encourage investment in agriculture.

3.1.2 Sustainable access to adequate, nutritious, quality food for all at all times

Production potential

Marsabit County requires 49,873 MT of cereals per year to feed the whole county. The current production of maize is 463 MT per year, leaving a cereals deficit of 49,410 MT. Current beans production is at 85 MT per year, while the requirement is 24,937 MT; therefore the deficit is 24,852MT. The production of fruits and vegetables is currently insignificant.

In order to ensure adequate, quality and nutritious food for all, the county needs to increase the area under production, increase productivity per unit area, and ensure the current 68 greenhouses within the county are properly utilised. The area under irrigation must expand to reduce dependency on rain-fed agriculture in areas like Walda, South Horr, Mt Kulal, Songa and Kalacha.


Agriculture contributes 2% to household income in the county. Food poverty is at 83%, which translates to about 205,348 individuals. Currently, Marsabit County receives over 70% of its fresh fruits and vegetables from the neighbouring counties of Isiolo and Meru. An estimated 60% of the mangoes produced locally go to waste because they grow and mature within a short season, leading to a glut and falling prices. Maize and beans are supplied from Ethiopia, Meru County and through relief food from the World Food Program (WFP), which is distributed on a monthly basis. Most of the foodstuffs are poorly stored and get easily infested with the fungus that causes aflatoxicosis.

Relief food support to the county

As of March 2014, the county was heavily depending on relief food to plug the gaps in production. A total of 52,600 food aid beneficiaries were on the WFP list of food aid. This works out to about 16% of the 334,000 estimated persons in the county in 2014. The 52,600 beneficiaries receive 7.5, 1.5 and 0.45 kg of maize, beans and oil respectively per month, equal to 65% of the food requirements per person.

In addition, WFP partners with the Ministry of Education in the School Feeding Programme and with the Ministry of Health to provide supplementary feeding to malnourished children and pregnant mothers via the health centres in the county. For instance, in the second school term of 2014, the county received 558 MT of cereals, 154 MT of pulses, 19 MT of oil and 13 MT of salt to feed 69,084 children in 169 schools.

Input supplies

An estimated 95% of farmers use non-certified planting materials like recycled seeds. Untrained agro-input stockists have been selling seed of low quality, some of it expired and often the wrong variety for the region. As mentioned in County Report, July 2014 Food and Crops, only two agro-dealer shops exist in the whole county and they hardly stock farming inputs. The county requires an adequate and dependable supply of inputs, including machinery services, to stimulate agricultural productivity.

Access to credit facilities

Farmers genuinely lack adequate information on how to access credit capital while others (Muslims) have

been avoiding interest-earning loans from commercial banks. Options for credit are very few: the county has only 4 commercial banks, 2 micro-financial institutions and one insurance institution.

3.1.3 Creating an enabling policy environment for sub-sectoral growth

Current policy and governance

The sector is guided by the Constitution of Kenya Chapter 6 Section 10, Agricultural CAP 380 which was formulated decades ago and has not been reviewed to reflect the changes that have taken place.

There are 26 pieces of legislation in the constitution affecting the agricultural sector, which can be customised to suit Marsabit County.

The sector is influenced by the following policies:1. National Horticulture Policy 20122. National Seed Policy 20103. National Agriculture Sector Extension Policy4. National Food and Nutrition Security Policy5. National Agricultural Research System Policy

20126. National Emerging Crops Policy7. National Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture and

Livestock Policy (UPAL)8. National Policy on Irrigation and Drainage

Development9. National Cereals Crop Policy10. National Roots and Tuber Policy11. National Cotton Policy12. Oil and Nuts Crop Development Policy13. National Dairy Development Policy14. National Poultry Policy15. National Bee Keeping Policy16. National Ocean and Fisheries Policy17. Aqua-Culture Policy18. National Land Policy (Sessional Paper No. 3 of

2009)19. Forest Policy (Sessional Paper No. 1 of 2007)20. Regional Development Policy21. Cooperative Development Policy22. Governance and Anti-Corruption Policy for

Cooperative Societies 201223. Investment Policy Guidelines for Cooperative

Sector



Suggested policy changes

The County Government should consider:• Introducing a subsidy that would be given

as incentives to farmers so as to increase agricultural production and bridge county production gaps. [Note: A significant number of farmers were targeted to receive subsidized mechanized ploughing for the short rainy season 2014.]

• Policies on land leasing could be developed so as to tap idle productive land which could be used for agriculture, or tax the land heavily so as to encourage land use and improved county food security.

• Policy guiding the stocking, inspection of outlets and use of pesticides.

• Introducing agricultural mechanization services.

• Development of agricultural feeder road via use of cess collected.

• Agricultural land policy on soil and water conservation, sustainable use of fertilizer and manure.

• Land use policy.• Produce and product branding policies in

key value chains.• Enact produce taxation policies in

consultation with sector stakeholders.• Establishment of Agricultural Development

Fund.

The proposed policy changes should be spread out between the years 2014 to 2022.

Trade requirements, standards and protocols: international, regional, national and at county level

The county is deficient in terms of agricultural production and has also not developed its own policies that will influence crop production. Food items sourced from Ethiopia are currently cheaper than those produced locally. In future there may be a case for the county to consider negotiating the volume of food flowing from Ethiopia so as to build local production and the local economy. In the long run,

however, only competitiveness will ensure protection of the local agricultural production.

Although there are requirements for national and international standards, they are not enforced in the county, resulting in an influx of foodstuffs with possibly high residual levels of drugs or chemicals.

Competitiveness and inclusiveness

The county will develop a competitive edge in terms of agricultural products and services to compete with produce from Ethiopia and neighbouring counties. The sector also needs to include youths and women in agricultural production and services and other activities.

Emerging Land Uses: conservancies, reserves, forest and water resources

The County has four community-managed wildlife conservancies co-managed with the livestock enterprises, namely Jaldessa, Melako, Songa and Shurra. The communities do not as yet have any legal act supporting them or any legislation guiding them. There are 4 national reserves: Sibiloi, Marsabit, Losai and Mt Kulal. Mt Marsabit and Sibiloi are also gazetted national parks.

There are plans to create a conservancy from Songa to Moyale that will cover the most productive or arable land that could potentially transform farming in the county.

There are two forest reserves: Mount Marsabit covering 15,000 Ha and Mount Kulal, which has not been gazetted. The key water catchments include Mount Marsabit Forest, Mt Kulal and the Hurri Hills. Other significant water sources are Loiyangalani springs, Kalacha springs, Hori Gudha, Hori Diqa and Lake Turkana.

The Department of Agriculture has made recommendations for plans to construct mega dams in Loglogo (Milgis), Kalacha (Laga Balal), Walda (Laga Ifir) and Badassa that will provide water for irrigation and contribute to an increase in agricultural production.


Human-human and human-wildlife conflicts

Areas around national reserves record numerous human-wildlife conflicts from predation and crop damage. People living adjacent to national parks also prefer to access water for livestock from national parks in place of other needs like irrigation. Human conflicts with wildlife are being addressed by the Wildlife Compensation and Management Act of 2011, which compensates farmers for damages caused by wildlife on crops, structures and human life.

3.1.4 Market access and competitiveness of sector products and services

The general picture at the county is that the agricultural markets are not competitive since they are perpetual receivers of agricultural products from other counties and across the border (Ethiopia). Local production is too low to sustain the market demand within the county. Generally the quality of farm products is poor due to low quality seeds, high incidence of pests and diseases, poor husbandry practices and lack of grading of farm produce, among other reasons.

An oligopolistic market system controlled by a few suppliers is characteristic of all the agricultural markets in the county, where forces of supply determine the prices of a commodity. However, a wide range of food varieties are available at markets in the larger towns, e.g. cereals, pulses, vegetables and root crops. Diversity and range of commodities in the markets vary with the seasons as farming is largely dependent on rainfall. Prices of farm produce therefore are highly seasonal. Poor road infrastructure, distance from main supply markets, many chain actors and pressure from non-producing areas within the county contribute to push agricultural commodity prices rather high.

Costs of transaction

The cost of transaction is generally high due to the following factors: transportation cost, threshing, county government cess, and labour and storage costs. Poor road infrastructure and the high prices of fuel in the county also have an influence. Gross margins for the producer are relatively low.

Value addition is practiced on a very small scale by shops and hotels on fruit (juices, mainly from avocado and pawpaw), and flours from maize, sorghum, wheat and teff.

Market destination

The flow of goods is mainly inwards to the county. Due to low production, most consumption of county production is in the immediate household and the next immediate town centre. Marsabit town and Moyale are the main consumption centres. Most of the produce is cereal, vegetable and fruit.

Contracts/trading agreements

There is an opportunity in the county to exploit contract farming, which is currently non-existent. The county has a huge potential for commercial production of industrial crops such as sisal, sorghum, cotton, safflower, sunflower and other dryland crops.

Financing/inclusiveness

Despite the availability of credit facilities from the 6 banks/microfinance institutions, most farmers are not successful when they apply due to stringent collateral requirement. However, a few farmers have been able to access services provided via the Women Fund, Youth Fund and Kenya Women Finance Trust. The response by the farmers in accessing credit has been rated as poor. The ASDSP report of 2013 estimates the rate of loans uptake to be as low as 2% in the entire county.

3.1.5 Gender and social inclusion in planning, decision making and implementation

Gender disparities are more marked in pastoral communities, where females work more than their male counterparts. Access and control of resources are being managed by the male thus affecting the food security situation, as the women make the critical decisions of balancing food utilisation in the households. However, the key income-generating decisions like selling of livestock are made by men. In most cases women and youth are not involved in



decision making at the grassroots level where tradition and cultural are dominant factors. In the agro-pastoral communities, decision making and implementation are done fairly evenly by women and men showing that gender stereotypes are neither perpetual nor static. They are influenced by the social ideology and economic modes held at a certain period of time, and change with every significant social transformation.

Education and formal employment

Although equal opportunities in education and employment exist at the policy level within the county, adult male and women have lower literacy levels than youth; hence they have limited access to formal skilled labour market employment.

Productive labour based on the production systemMen have an advantage over women in terms of productive labour or economic production because women are also involved in non-economic activities like tending to household chores. Generally when it comes to farm work, women contribute more than men and farming work so far has not been attractive to the youth. Among pastoral communities, camels are herded by boys and men while sheep and goats are herded by girls and women. However in agricultural work, labour division depends on the type of activity: cultivation and land preparation is primarily done by men, while weeding and harvesting is done by women.

Appropriate technology by gender

Some of the new agricultural technologies have been directed to the women and youth, e.g. the 68 greenhouses that had been distributed to women and youth groups by mid-2014. This has excluded men although they control access to farms but are not good at forming such social groups. In some cases the person trained or capacity built on the use of these technologies is different from the implementer. Some technologies are not gender sensitive, e.g. the treadle water pumps given to women groups that require significant human energy to work.

Out migration – impact on livelihood and productivity

There has been some out-migration mainly by the youth to other economic activities such as

formal employment, or the use of motorbikes for transportation of goods and as public service vehicles (boda-boda). This is affecting the productive farm labour of energetic youthful groups.

Role of associations / merry-go-rounds (chamas) in the sector

Compared to men, women and youth tend to organise themselves better into groups or chamas.Groups and associations are vital in agriculture in terms of attracting investment and support from service providers, including the public sector. However due to poor organisation of these groups, they lack business-minded targets and commitment, and tend to collapse easily.

The history of associations, including formal cooperatives, in the county or elsewhere in the country, has not been a rosy one. Mistrust, loss of community assets and frequent failures are all well documented.

The associations however are a source of community strength and often have very good intentions. A hybrid form of ownership/management would perhaps be the best approach where associations own the assets but lease them to a private operator for maximum efficiency.

Research and piloting of innovations

There is minimal issue- or problem-based research and piloting under the agricultural sub-sector within the county. Most of the research is being carried out under the livestock sub-sector. There is room to improve collaboration and cooperation between the researchers and implementers or stakeholders for maximum benefit.

3.1.6 Climate change mitigation and adaptation

Background

Climate change has become a key area of concern in developmental planning and especially in third-world countries, Kenya included. Rainfall is becoming more erratic, the frequency of droughts getting higher, and their impact more intense. ASAL counties like Marsabit,


already seriously water deficient, are increasingly becoming food insufficient. Although international institutions such as WFP, food-focused institutions like FAO and IFAD, and a multitude of donors are intervening, the situation is getting desperate as the county appears to be in perpetual food-aid mode. The resilience of the communities in the face of climate change is very low.

National response structures: National Drought Management Authority

The NDMA promotes different approaches/tools that address the underlying structural causes of vulnerability and reduce the impacts of shocks. In this regard, the use of drought risk reduction, climate change adaptation and social protection strategies all have an important role to play at different times and in different ways in reducing vulnerability and building resilience.

The NDMA supports the integration of these 3 strategic areas in a more comprehensive manner in order to strengthen people‘s resilience to climatic shocks. The ultimate objective of the drought response system is to promote early mitigation efforts that reduce the time that elapses from the point when warning of drought stress is given and the point when response at county level starts. Drought mitigation activities will take a livelihood perspective and be specifically designed to support local economies and promote linkages with long-term development strategies. This is expected to reduce considerably the loss of assets by households during drought crises and contribute to enhanced resilience.

The rationale of this approach is based on the fact that the benefits of investing in early response, by subsidising the livelihoods/local economies exposed to drought risks, are much higher than intervention at a late stage to provide emergency humanitarian aid. The contingency planning process adopted by NDMA is based on the drought cycle management (DCM) approach, which can be understood in terms of 5 phases — normal, alert, alarm, emergency, and recovery, with different types of interventions tailored to the various phases. DCM describes in a general way how to reduce vulnerability (and increase resilience) of populations to drought through proper planning. The aim is also to use the national drought funds kitty more effectively: making investment in drought preparedness during the normal and alert stages means that less money should have to be spent during the emergency phases. Early warning systems and the warning stages that are derived from them are an effective way of triggering interventions to manage drought.

Corresponding units at county level

At the county level, a number of organisations are working on climate change mitigation, although the coordination needs improvement. Among those involved are NDMA, USAID-funded REGAL-AG and –IR, FAO, the GIZ Food Security and Drought Resilience Programme (FSDRP), the Ministry of Environment, the Agricultural Sector Development Support Programme (ASDSP), the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), Food for the Hungry - Kenya (FHK), Pastoralist Community Initiative and Development Assistance (PACIDA), Anglican Development Services of Mt Kenya East (ADSMKE)


resilience rating Percentage %

MHH FHH yHH overall

High 20 33 18 21

Neutral 18 18 17 19

Low 62 49 65 60

MMH = Male headed households, FHH = Female headed households, YHH = Youth headed householdsSource: Kenya, Government (2013). Agricultural Sector Development Support Programme baseline data

table 3: resilience ratings of households in Marsabit County


and World Vision - Kenya (WV-K). Efforts are underway to coordinate and collaborate to improve on synergies, coordination and networking.

Impact of climate change on poverty, quality of life and resilience

According to a study conducted by ASDSP, the residents of Marsabit have experienced long term environmental changes as observed in the following ways: the drying of wells and rivers, deforestation, reduction of water volumes, incidences of new pests and diseases, soil degradation, disappearance of plants and animals, emergence of new plants and animals. The above have negatively impacted on the quality of life and livelihood resilience of most communities. The capacity of households to cope with climate change is low as shown below.

Although men control the major part of resources at household level, data in the table above indicates that women easily adapt and utilise a wider range of coping mechanisms compared to men. Female-headed households therefore show higher resilience. In the population studied, a high 60% of population (weighted indicator) were in the low resilience category.

Erosion of assets of farmers and water resources

Farming communities have experienced loss of assets over the last 30 years especially in farm produce due to persistent and more frequent droughts. For instance, in 1982 Marsabit County exported maize as relief food to Malawi yet today the county largely survives on relief food. The county had permanent water sources less than 2 decades ago, which have now dried up — Lake Paradise and Aite Well.

Contribution to conflict (human, livestock and wildlife)

The numerous cases of human wildlife conflicts reported within the county are due at least partly to the depletion of the natural resource base, such as forests and running streams. Animals roam out of the forests in search of feed and water, destroying crops and killing livestock.

Advancing desert margins

Land cover has receded with the disappearance of trees and grassland, being replaced by shrubs and dry barren land. The Hurri Hills is a classic example of extreme vegetation changes from forest to open grassland, and now having to deal with a very fragile ecosystem. Other examples exist that are now in dire need of technological innovation to support re-vegetation.

Effects on quality and quantity of forage, invasive species

Some of the observable impacts of climate change are the disappearance of quality palatable pasture and shrub species. Greater invasion by non-palatable plant species and weeds have resulted in loss of grazing space for livestock and minimised land that was used for farming.In northern Kenya, Prosopis juliflora has taken over extensive parts of once fertile grazing or farming land.

Frequency and intensity of droughts, disease epidemics

The already-mentioned changes in the rainfall patterns have led to the emergence of pests and diseases associated with prolonged drought, e.g. the spider mites and nematodes of the Tuta absoluta species affecting tomatoes in Moyale and the potential threat of maize lethal necrotic virus (MLNV). Application of climate-smart technologies is becoming crucial if the county is to produce sufficient food to feed the rapidly-expanding human population.

Disruption of mobility, livelihoods and lifestyle

Road transport is frequently disrupted when rainfall is received in torrents, which is another feature of climate change. As a result of unpredictable weather patterns, more people have moved from agro-pastoralism and pastoralism to petty trading and other forms of livelihoods. Some of the coping strategies adopted at household level are the skipping of meals, on-farm development of water harvesting structures, diversification of livelihood support systems, charcoal burning, greater use of solar energy, quarrying work.


Mushrooming of settlements on prime agricultural land

Urban settlements have cropped up on prime agricultural land due to the diversification of livelihood to trade and other off-farm income generating activities that have more economic benefits than agriculture. Village communities that have lost their livelihood have also migrated to towns and occupy arable and high potential areas next to urban centres. One has only to look at the rate of expansion of Marsabit township — areas that were good farmland a decade ago are now parcelled into housing estates.

3.1.7: Access to credible, updated information and knowledge management system databases in the agriculture sub-sector

Background

The agriculture sub-sector has been a minor sub-sector in Marsabit County, attracting little interest from stakeholders and partners. This disinterest and lack of investment has resulted in poor data management systems for the sub-sector. The sub-sector’s information management system is also poorly organised, rudimentary and disjointed.

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)

Most county institutions lack a formal M&E framework to track and report progress as required. Donor supported projects are required to have formal M& E systems. For other programmes and projects, the M&E activities are normally done on an informal ad-hoc basis. Minimal documentation is the norm for the county, apart from nationally-sponsored programmes and projects. Registry filing is poorly organised.

While appreciating the importance of M&E systems and a central documentation centre, the sub-sector faces a challenge of infrastructure (ICT and office space), and qualified personnel to undertake, collect/generate, analyse, interpret, disseminate and later store the information for future retrieval.

Census and farm survey

The sub-sector has never undertaken a comprehensive census on crop and crop enterprises, products and services. It thereby lacks credible data to inform serious decision making on crop production, productivity and farm families.

GIS mapping of livelihoods, productive resources, conservation areas, specific enterprisesOpportunities for the use of GIS abound in the county. For instance, GIS remote sensing is highly desirable for disease and landscape mapping. However the county has so far not taken advantage of the technology within the trained establishment. GIS technology can be used for the following: monitoring for emerging and disease occurrence, disaster management, land use and agricultural planning, environmental monitoring and management, forestry and wildlife management.

Information portal links

These links would be invaluable for extension staff and progressive farmers. The use of portals is however minimal due to lack of knowledge of their existence and the ICT illiteracy in the county. There are several portals available to support food production e.g. NAFIS, AGORA, ReSAKSS, ALIN, ILRI, CIP, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, ICRAF, KALRO, ICIPE etc. The themes covered by some of these portals relate to both general and specific agricultural topics, from natural resource management to processing, post-harvest preservation and marketing. Information is presented with text, graphics, audio and video in an effort to be as accessible as possible. The idea is that users would be able to research any agricultural theme in the format most suitable for them, and even download multimedia content for later viewing.

Digital storage of data

There is no existence of digital data storage in the county. Due to this, there are significant risks and costs to the research, education, and producer communities that depend on Marsabit agricultural information. If agricultural information stakeholders do not act quickly and at a sufficient level of investment



to address the challenges outlined here, there will be significant dangers including: • permanent loss of observational data due to lack

of well-curated, long-term archives, • lack of inter-operability and cross-over innovations

among disciplines, • lack of synergy among information technology

research and disciplinary data users, • adoption of incompatible data formats in different

fields, impeding advances in research,• fall-off of research and economic vigour, resulting

in economic deficiencies,• potential duplication of research efforts,• inadequate support for educational activities and

knowledge transfer, and• fragmented agricultural cyber infrastructure,

creating a greater divide.

Appropriate channels of communication

Appropriate channels of communication exist within the Department of Agriculture; however their use and effectiveness are not up to standard. There is room for up-scaling through establishment of a county departmental website. The issues are:a. Weak feedback mechanismb. Lack of internet connectivity in some areasc. Computers, laptops and modems, while largely

available at county, sub-county and a few ward offices, are not adequate for all staff

Publication/ media awareness centres

There is a lot of useful and relevant information on works and technologies undertaken within agriculture in the county; however very little has been published and disseminated to stakeholders or the community at large. There exist agricultural information desks which lack publications and are not well equipped. These need to be revived and operationalised.

Education targeting the youth

4K clubs under young farmer groups are non-existent, while out-of-school youth groups shun agriculture as an economic activity. There is no clear way of involving youth and young farmers in agriculture, despite clear indications that youth potential can be harnessed through activities, rewarding and recognition, and later legislation that brings youth into agriculture.

Weather/ climate data recording

The county has 2 operational weather stations and 58 rain stations which are dormant. They are ill equipped. The data is collected but not sent back for tabulation, harmonisation, analysis and interpretation. The monitors manning the station are inadequately trained; they lack resources and equipment to help in collecting and conveying weekly or monthly data. Traditional weather forecasters (Uchu) and their information have never been documented and evaluated.

ICT in Agriculture – E-extension

The department embraces ICT and E-extension in particular. The following challenges hinder efforts for a full roll-out of the programme:• Insufficient e-extension equipment (laptops,

modems and smart phones) • Inadequate capacity of staff to access the relevant

portals and related websites (more training of staff required)

Indigenous knowledge

Despite many generations of indigenous knowledge on agriculture, very little has been documented. There is need to validate and document the existing indigenous knowledge in agricultural practices and traditional coping and resilience systems.

Weather Changes – Early warning/early response

Early warning systems have been developed through NDMA and the Meteorological Department but they are not yet able to efficiently and effectively inform the actions of the various actors in the sector. This is mainly due to lack of real time interpretation of early warning information and lack of adequate capacity to relay the information to farmers and other players. In addition, traditional early warning systems are limited in terms of communication channels and coverage. There are informal forecasters of events and phenomena who are not formally recognised and appreciated. The lack of information on impending events or phenomena delays planning, including the mobilisation of early response. There is need to upgrade the existing county early warning systems to enable real time response to occurrences impacting on agriculture.


Other supporting infrastructure

• energy: electricity, solar, wind, fossil fuelOnly 2 urban centres enjoy reliable and wide coverage of electricity. This impacts negatively on the establishment of cottage industries, their cost of operations, information management systems, value addition etc.

• telecommunication network coverageThe main vendors have limited and unreliable network coverage, resulting in inefficient communication and information management systems

• road networksMost of the county road infrastructure is poorly maintained, which contributes to the high cost of transporting agriculture produce and services and makes them costly and uncompetitive. There is urgent need to identify some of the agriculturally important roads, e.g. the Songa-Marsabit Road, to upgrade to all-weather for ease of marketing produce.

Water infrastructure

The county lacks permanent fresh water sources; the main water mass in the county is Lake Turkana and it has saline water. The main sources of fresh water are boreholes, springs and oases. These have a limited water yield and are unable to support water-intensive agricultural activities. However the county experiences massive surface run-off during rainy seasons, which can be harnessed through the construction of dams and earth pans for irrigated crop production support and domestic use.

3.1.8: Affordable, accessible and effective service delivery

Background

As summarised under the overall vision of the county governor, provision of transport to agricultural staff is only one of the urgent steps the government has taken to enhance food production in the county. The sector envisages being all inclusive in utilising skills, equipment and other resources available from other development partners in the county — the NGOs, faith-based organisations, bilateral and multilateral

development organisations and the private sector — in the delivery of services to farmers and pastoralists. Further, the sector aims at harmonising development approaches between the actors to ensure the target groups get comparable messages and development impacts whichever the source of support.

The sectoral forum is already in place under the coordination of the County Executive. The sector is also in process of updating a development map of the county (see Annex 6-1) that will provide a quick visual of who is doing what, where, with whom and with what amount of resources. This approach enables the sub-sector to develop an inclusive monitoring and evaluation system to track incremental gains through successive work plans and MTPs.

The following sections highlight some of the shortcomings that need to be addressed across all the service providers to ensure effective and quality delivery of services.

Number and skills of county extension staff

Currently the agriculture sub-sector has few extension staff, thinly spread within the county at a ratio of 1 staff member to every 1560 farmers. The ideal ratio should be 1:400. Three-quarters of technical staff are semi-skilled. While all the wards in the county are manned, most of the staff manning extension units do not have professional qualifications.

This undesirable staffing and skills deficiencies need to be addressed urgently for effective service delivery.

Infrastructure and tools for delivery

Poor roads, low use of ICT and poor electricity infrastructure make it difficult for extension staff to reach their clients and also increase the cost of service delivery. Lack of equipment and necessary tools contribute to inefficient and ineffective service delivery.

Appropriate capacities

Lack of regular training on emerging technologies and appropriate approaches lead to an inefficient county extension service delivery system, unable to transform into a vibrant and modern sub-sector.



Appropriate extension service delivery system

Poor competitiveness of agricultural products and services for the county has led to difficulties in implementing the national agricultural extension framework and policy. In place of demand-driven extension, the county still largely adopts the supply-driven extension delivery system.

Information sourcing

The extension staff get information from AIC, KALRO, the mass media, E-extension and internet portals but farmers cannot access the same or have limited access due to illiteracy.

Agro-input suppliers

Development of county stockists (agro-dealers) is critical for accelerating smallholders’ access to quality agricultural inputs in the county. There is a strong negative correlation between availability of credit and the volume of trade in seeds and other agricultural inputs in county areas. Distribution/sale of appropriate small packs of agricultural inputs increases their affordability, safety and quality. To improve food security and achieve Millennium Development Goals and the Kenya Vision 2030, there is urgent need to put in place a public-private partnership framework that will:a. Raise the awareness of and improve the efficiency

of the use of improved technologies and inputs among poor farmers, thereby creating a high demand for these inputs,

b. Lower the transaction costs of supplying rural areas with agricultural inputs,

c. Improve the linkages between importers, wholesalers, and retailers by removing marketing inefficiencies,

d. Improve the economies of scale in marketing of inputs at the wholesale and retail levels.

3.1.9: the implementation strategy matrix of the agriculture sub-sector plan

The Vision 2030 MTP 1 was implemented between the period 2008 and 2012. MTP 2 covers the period 2013 -2017. This Sector Plan has been developed reflecting the combined efforts of MTP 1 and 2 for the immediate short term but also projected for the remainder of the Vision 2030 period.

It is proposed that all activities suggested for the MTP 1 and 2 be made part of the CIDP (2013-17) Implementation Phase, which would have the desired effect of greatly enriching the current CIDP. There will be budgetary implications for expanding the CIDP activities that quickly, but prioritisation is a function of management and those charged with the responsibility of delivering Marsabit County to food secure status in the shortest time possible.

This phasing of implementation and the clear statement of targets allows opportunity to initiate an M&E system to track incremental gains made through the implementation processes.The following schedules present detailed activities and measurable targets of MTPs 1 through 5, until the year 2032.

The column incorporating the immediate intervention areas (MTP 1 and 2) is highlighted to indicate interventions that can immediately be included in the current CIDP. The rows and activities suggested for piloting and innovation are also highlighted.

“We have the land and the potential. We will mobilise resources and invest in innovative technologies and appropriate infrastructure to make ‘Marsabit — a county without hunger’ our future reality. Devolution offers these opportunities”

Alex A Guleid, Chief Officer for Agriculture


Marsabit County would reap multiple benefits by converting the training centre at Korr (constructed by GiZ in 1992), Kalacha Livestock Development Centre and the new Agriculture training Centre at Misa, near Dabel into active Atvets to serve the entire county.


renewable energies like wind and solar can be harnessed to boost agriculture in the county.

Worth noting:

the revamped national youth Service (nyS) might have the capacity to undertake a medium-level flood irrigation project as envisaged for increased production of food and fodder in the county. this is within the mandate of nyS as has recently been expounded. the request to invite the nyS and sourcing for funding would need to be initiated by the county authority.

this type of pilot activity would be highly beneficial especially if the demonstration effect is to pull a significant section of the community out of food and income poverty.

ideal areas for flood irrigation include Dambala Fachana in Sololo, Milgis flood plain and Laga balal


tab

le 4

: ta

rget

s fo

r th

e ag

ricul

ture

sub

-sec

tor

targ

ets

MtP

1 &

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riorit

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ip it

em

in C

iDP

MtP

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(30%

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17)

targ

ets

for

MtP

3 2

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– 20

22(5

0% fo

od

secu

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y 20

22)

targ

ets

for

MtP

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7(6

0% fo

od s

ecur

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y 20

27)

targ

ets

for

MtP

5 2

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– 20

32(7

0% fo

od s

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32)

to im

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3.2 LiveStoCK SUb-SeCtor

3. 2.1 Productivity and production in the livestock sub-sector

An estimated 58% of the households in Kenya are rearing livestock. In Marsabit County, 88% of the households keep livestock1, which is the main driver of the economy of the county. Table 5 presents the livestock population by livestock species and attempts to estimate a value for the livestock assets.

Pastoral livestock production systems

An estimated 95% of the land is used by pastoralists; where a great number of the households are still mobile. This is an age-tested adaptation to the variable climatic conditions in these ecologically fragile rangelands. Unlike crop production systems, pastoralists are able to move the livestock where the rain falls as long as other factors that dictate mobility allow. This way the risk of total decimation of herds during droughts is reduced. There is evidence to show that mobile pastoral systems overall achieve higher livestock productivity than sedentary herds —for the

1 Marsabit CIDP, 2013 - 2017


• Increase productivity of milk, meat and by-products for all species of livestock via better feeding, disease control, breeding practices

• Value addition of product value chains and improved access to markets

• Early offtakes for highest returns from market participation when drought threatens

• Policies to allow mobility of pastoralist herds to grazing grounds and markets

• Improved and sustainable utilisation of natural resources

• Increased access to and use of livestock inputs

• Improved prophylaxis and management of trade sensitive diseases

• A strategy for drought risk reduction, including in-county fodder production, storage and distribution to sustain core breeding herds

• Enacting supportive policies• Increased focus on the camel as most

suited livestock species for arid lands

regular vaccination programmes to reduce livestock diseases must be a priority.


key productivity parameters like calving rates, milk yields, weight gains and calf mortality — as mobile herds are able to have timely access to more nutritive fodder and better water and minerals2. Factors that limit mobility include: conflicts, disease epidemics, changing international, national and territorial boundaries, and the need to access social services like health and education that are presently largely delivered at static points.

An emerging strategy is the expanding role of the camel in the pastoral economy, perhaps the pastoralists’ way of responding to climate change. The camel is found right across northern Kenya and recently has

2 IIED and SOS Sahel UK (2010). Modern and Mobile: The future of livestock and Africa’s drylands

been introduced in the southern rangelands of Kenya with great success. Camel milk is more nutritious than cow’s milk with a better balance of essential nutrients, especially for children, and has been known to maintain herders for months almost without additional foods3.

[Any meaningful drought resilience strategy would have to take this unique species into account.]

Key productivity parameters may not have been established for Marsabit County and this forms a key data gap for the livestock sector that needs to be addressed.

3 Sadler K and Catley A (2010). Milk Matters: Improving health and nutrition status of children in pastoralist communities.

Asset category national estimate Marsabit County estimate

Percentage estimated county value (KSh mio)

Cattle 17,500,000 424,600 2.4 14,000

Sheep 17,100,000 960,000 5.6 3,168

Goats 28,000,000 1,143,500 4.1 3,774

Camels 2,700,000 203,300 7.5 8,900

Donkeys 1,800,000 63,800 3.5 1.000

Indigenous chicken 26,000,000 46,300 0.002 22,000

Commercial chicken 6,100,000 4,400 Trace

table 5: Livestock populations in the county

Source: CBS 2009 Human Population and Housing Census

LiveStoCK SUb-SeCtor

Animal species Age category Animal population Av. market price per animal (KSh)

total (KSh)

Cattle Immature 282,000 12,000 3,384,000,000

mature 188,000 25,000 4,700,000,000

Sheep Immature 960,000 800 76,800,000

mature 640,000 2,000 1,280,000,000

Goats Immature 1,080,000 800 864,000,000

mature 720,000 2,000 1,440,000,000

Camels Immature 134,400 25,000 3,360,000,000

mature 89,600 35,000 3,136,000,000

Chicken Immature 33,600 50 1,680,000

mature 22,400 200 4,480,000

Donkeys Immature 42,000 10,000 420,000,000

mature 28,000 15,000 420,000,000

totALS 19,086,960,000

table 6: Livestock production potential and estimated value

Source: MoALFD, Marsabit County


Cattle milk

The population of mature cattle is estimated at 188,000 in the county. Assuming a herd structure of 40% males to 60% females, mature female cattle would be about 103,400.

Various data exist regarding milk yields of local zebu cattle4. However considering the seasonality of rainfall and forage availability, and also the mobility of the herds away from settlements, only a fraction of their milk yield potential is actually exploited for use by the human population, and even a smaller portion of this eventually ends up as commercially traded milk.

Assuming that 40% of the females (41,360 head) would be lactating at any time, at 1.0 L each per day, the amount of milk available annually for human use would be estimated at 15,100,000 L conservatively. At 10% accessibility, only about 1,510,000 L is traded annually.

Goat and sheep milk production

Using the same process as above for cattle, a population of 720,000 mature goats would have a mature female population of 432,000 at 60% of the mature flocks.

Assuming that 80% of these will be yielding 0.2 L on any day, the goat flocks will deliver 86,000 L per day or 31,536,000 L annually. Most of the goat milk is consumed by the families keeping the goats and is hardly traded.

4 http://agtr.ilri.cgiar.org/documents/Library/docs/zebucattle/5breeding.html

The sheep flocks would yield another 22,426,000 L per year, again all consumed by the families owning the flocks.

Again using the same estimation process as above and assuming females would form 80% of the mature herd, the mature females would be 53,800 head. If 60% of the females are lactating at any one time and yielding 2 L each per day, the estimated milk yield available for human consumption from the camel herds in the county would be 107,500 L per day or 39,245,000 L per year. At 10% accessibility, only about 3,924,000 L is traded.

Invasive species and loss of edible species

Land productivity has been reduced by invasive and inedible plants species, taking away accessibility by an estimated 60-70%.

However, it has been shown that fire and grazing methods can reasonably be applied for the control of bush encroachment with the overall objective of promoting biomass production and species bio-diversity5. The thorny bush thickets of the Turbi-Odda stretch of bush land can effectively be controlled by fire and put into productive rangeland. Figure 4 presents some good results achieved from reseeding denuded rangeland in very dry parts of northern Kenya.

5 Ayana Angassa Abdeta, G. Oba, A. Tolera (2012). Bush encroachment control demonstrations and management implications on herbaceous species in savannas of Southern Ethiopia.

Product Av. quantity produced per unit per year

Av. price per unit (KSh)

total price (KSh)

Cattle hides 17,212 pcs x 12 kg 50 10,327,200

Goatskins 8350 pcs 250 2,087,500

Sheepskins 6755 270 1,828,850

Camel hides 1,072 pcs x 15 kg 30 482,400

Eggs 64,240 trays 450 28,908,000

Honey 40,000 kg 200 8,000,000

table 7: value of livestock products

Source: County Department of Livestock Production, Marsabit



Livestock input supply systems

The county has only 2 agrovets, located at Marsabit and Moyale, mainly selling veterinary drugs without stocking other livestock inputs like feeds, grass seed or equipment. The distribution channels for reaching the widely-scattered pastoralists are poorly developed and the actual demand tends to be rather low. The large numbers of community health workers (trained by NGOs and government departments in the last 20 years) have now reduced substantially, partly because of the disincentive created by the new Kenya Veterinary Board regulations barring para-vets from delivering animal health services.

Sidai Africa, an initiative funded through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, has initiated a franchising arrangement to strengthen agrovets to deliver service and inputs in the county. The Government Veterinary Department still remains the main deliverer of animal health services.

[There is still the need for policy to support innovative ways to deliver animal health services to mobile pastoralists.]

Credit

There are 6 commercial banks and financial institutions in the county, all situated in county headquarters and Moyale sub-county headquarters. This limits knowledge and accessibility of financial services to the pastoralists. The cost of banking is a major concern for customers living kilometres away from Marsabit town and Moyale.

The financial products on offer at the financial institutions are all interest earning, again barring a large segment of the Muslim population who are averse to earning bank interest. [There is a need to introduce sharia-compliant financial products to cater for a wider segment of society].

3.2.2 Sustainable access to adequate, nutritious, quality animal food at all times

The quality, nutritional value and sustainability of livestock-based foods is greatly impeded by frequent livestock diseases, frequent drought occurrences, long distances and poor infrastructure around production

Figure 4: Flood-irrigated fodder plot in excellent condition and high yielding, in an arid environment.


areas, rampant inbreeding, and inappropriate containers for storage and transportation of milk. These impediments are especially true of camel herds that scatter widely in the grazing areas, often covering a radius of 30 to 50 km away from water points. During dry seasons, camel herds trek to water points every 10 to 14 days.

Clearly milk is in short supply for the majority of the sedentary population in the county.

As mentioned in the section on human nutritional challenges, milk is an especially important requirement in the diet of children aged 5 years and below. Being primarily a pastoral county, the food security strategy should include making livestock foods (especially those rich in Vitamins A and B12), available to the majority of the children for proper growth and development of cognitive capabilities. While technologies exist to prolong shelf life of the milk, the unhygienic conditions under which milk from remote settlements is collected and transported reduces the keeping qualities. Fumigated traditional milk containers pass specific tastes to the milk, which reduces its appeal to some urban consumers.

[New technologies such as the use of solar refrigerators may be able to improve keeping qualities for milk collected in remote grazing lands.]

Traditional techniques also exist to preserve meat over several months, especially through dry seasons when herds migrate from homesteads. Preservation techniques need to be expanded to meet the taste and quality requirements of the urban and other populations currently experiencing shortages of meat products within the county and for external markets.

In pursuit of food security, the county should seek not only to produce and preserve food staples and other crop produce but also animal products in the context of “County Food Reserve”. A medium size export abattoir would be both a drought management strategy as well as a critical value adding facility for the vast livestock resources of the county. The county has great opportunities to utilise abundant solar power to dry the meat products, e.g. biltong, to

achieve shelf life in excess of 6 months. In the event of extreme food shortages, the same preserved food products would be offloaded to feed the vulnerable segments of society.

3.2.3: Creating an enabling policy environment for sub-sectoral growth

Existing policies in the livestock sub-sector

The role of these policies is for regulation and standardisation. There are several existing policies that need domestication, such as:• Animal Disease Act Cap 364 • The Veterinary policy, Meat Control Act Cap 356 • Hides, Skins and Leather Trade Act 359 • The EMCA 1999 • The Water Act • The Public Health Act • Rabies Act,365 of 1974 • National Livestock Policy, 2013• Health policy (One Health approach)• Fisheries policy • Kenya Wildlife and Management Act • Forest policy • National Environmental policy • Land act • Animal Identification and traceability policy, etc.

Trade requirements/standards/protocols: international, regional, national and at county levelAt international, regional and national level, trade requirements, standards and protocols are in place. Institutions that provide oversight on these standards include the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and African Union - Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR). Corresponding protocols are needed at county level.


Competitiveness and inclusiveness in trade is almost non-existent due to the heavy presence of cartels and brokers who control the supply and pricing at markets. The youth are increasing entering the livestock trade



achieve shelf life in excess of 6 months. In the event of extreme food shortages, the same preserved food products would be offloaded to feed the vulnerable segments of society.


Existing policies in the livestock sub-sector

The role of these policies is for regulation and standardisation. There are several existing policies that need domestication, such as:• Animal Disease Act Cap 364 • The Veterinary policy, Meat Control Act Cap 356 • Hides, Skins and Leather Trade Act 359 • The EMCA 1999 • The Water Act • The Public Health Act • Rabies Act,365 of 1974 • National Livestock Policy, 2013• Health policy (One Health approach)• Fisheries policy • Kenya Wildlife and Management Act • Forest policy • National Environmental policy • Land act • Animal Identification and traceability policy, etc.

Trade requirements/standards/protocols: international, regional, national and at county levelAt international, regional and national level, trade requirements, standards and protocols are in place. Institutions that provide oversight on these standards include the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and African Union - Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR). Corresponding protocols are needed at county level.


Competitiveness and inclusiveness in trade is almost non-existent due to the heavy presence of cartels and brokers who control the supply and pricing at markets. The youth are increasing entering the livestock trade

Suggested policy changes and proposed legislation

• Animal Disease Act Cap 364: there is need to screen the livestock in the county for CBPP to map out infected and non-infected areas. Differential marketing and movement policies could apply to infected areas vis a vis the clean areas of the county. Recommend policy by March 2015.

• The Water Act: especially to provide guidelines for development of range water. Recommend policy in place by end 2015.

• Land Act: Land tenure systems need to be rationalized bearing in mind that most of the grazing lands are community lands. Recommend policy in place by end 2017.

• Livestock movement rules that restrict movement of livestock on trucks between 6am and 6pm need review to allow movement in the cool hours of the night from these hot regions. Recommend policy in place by end 2014.

• Policies that will establish temporary holding grounds to allow rest and screening of livestock along marketing routes need gazetting to streamline marketing. Recommend policy in place by 2015.

• The county is in dire need of policies that support mobile animal health service delivery. Recommend policy in place by mid-2015.

• The county further needs to develop policies that deal with cross-border movement of livestock across national borders and with neighbouring counties in search of feed and water or the nearest markets. Recommend policy in place by end 2017.

• A county policy allowing use of best practices to manage and respond to droughts is needed. Recommend policy in place by end 2015.

but still need to maximize advantage of their higher literacy levels and use of ICT to increase efficiency in trade. Very few women are in competitive livestock trade but they dominate trade in milk products in all the major centres.

There are 6 banks and financial institutions in

the county, but they are all situated in the county headquarters and Moyale Sub-County headquarters, hence limiting accessibility of investment finance to pastoralists.

Branding of market products

Branding of animal products is a way of differentiating products and creating customer confidence for consumption. In the county it is important to brand livestock products during value addition as it creates an environment of product competitiveness.

Value chain guiding policies

The guidelines are in place at national level e.g. the trade in hides, skins and leather is guided by Cap 359 Laws of Kenya. The meat industry is guided by Cap 356 Laws of Kenya.

Emerging land uses: conservancies, reserves, forests, water resources

Sedentary settlements in some areas meant for dry season grazing, and the establishment of community conservancies in some areas meant for wet season grazing, are some of the emerging land issues. Development of unplanned water sources in drought fall-back areas permanently opens all areas of rangeland for use and abuse, disrupting the traditional use patterns that always kept part of rangelands reserved.

Pasture production

Currently, pasture land is believed to be under-utilised in terms of livestock numbers compared to land size, but it is difficult to control grazing because of the communal land tenure system and absence of enforceable laws to restrict grazing at certain times of the year. However pastoralists and farmers are able to access land to produce fodder, which often increases income at household level.

Technology exists to harvest limited rainfall runoff water to increase fodder production in rangelands. There are plenty of research and community projects that illustrate the benefits of assisting nature to increase fodder yield. This is a key drought management strategy, especially when the fodder is harvested


and stored for dry season use. It creates significant impact where such fodder is selectively used to keep the core breeding herds alive through droughts. It has also been shown that the pastoral drop-outs can indeed engage in production and sale of fodder as an income-generating activity.

Conflict resolution: human/livestock/wildlife conflicts

Human-human conflicts have been experienced mainly from competition for scarce grazing and water resources. These conflicts interfere with the provision of an enabling environment for livestock production. Attempts to form peace and conflict resolving committees have borne considerable benefits in reducing violent conflicts between communities. Policies that protect legitimate user rights and also protect the smaller ethnic groups from aggression by the larger groups will significantly reduce the conflicts and violence. The structures for human to human conflicts resolution are in place but they require strengthening, capacity building and funding.

Predation and loss of life are common and compensation for lost human lives and livestock are considered inadequate and sometimes coming very late.

Traditional governance structures

Only 2% of the land is officially mapped and titled, mostly around towns and farming land in Saku sub-county. Households utilise another 12% of the land as families, but without titles. The biggest portion of land in the county — about 81% — is utilised communally while 2% of the land is rented and utilised under lease agreements. It follows therefore that traditional governance regarding the use of the land is applied to the largest portion of the land, i.e. the 81% under communal use. The Yaa is a well-established traditional governance structure among the Gabbra, the Gada system performs the same function among the Borana while the Naabo serves the Rendille communities in the south and south west of Marsabit. The pastoral systems function especially well under these traditional systems.

Despite the smooth functioning of these traditional

governance structures down the centuries, they do require recognition by the formal legal structures of the national and county governments to be consistent with the operative judicial and legislative systems.

Land tenure

Grazing land in the county is communally used with an exemption of urban areas, forest area, national parks, game reserves and conservancies.

Competing uses of land resources – wildlife, exploration for fossil fuel

The proposed wildlife conservancy from Songa to Moyale corridor would reduce the area proposed for crop expansion as it utilises high potential arable land. However this area is still community land and major decisions are in the ambit of the county governments (another area needing policy attention).

Marsabit County is marked into several blocks for the purpose of exploration for oil and other fossil fuels. Prospects for finding these fuels appear high. In August 2014 an announcement was made of finding commercial fossil gas at Hadado along the Marsabit-Wajir boundary. The county government could consider legislating to use the proceeds of such resources to fund food security and poverty alleviation enhancing measures.

Taxation on livestock and products marketed

The county government inherited taxation protocols on marketed agricultural produce, livestock and livestock products from the defunct County Council. In doubt this is an important source of revenue for the county government. As a principle of consultation, there is need to examine the rates of taxation with the involvement of stakeholders or their representatives and to recommend that the taxes be used to support the productive sectors of the economy. Cross border trade for livestock, products and food commodities requires special protocols to remove punitive rules, especially for pastoralists who may have to access the nearest markets across the border. Single tax policies need to be considered for commodities destined for distant markets to avoid taxes by other county governments while on transit.



PPP and co-management of service points and facilities

The principle of co-management of service delivery and revenue-generating facilities fits in the PPP concept. There would be many examples of facilities such as abattoirs and market facilities that could be developed by the county government but co-managed with private or community organisations.

The big advantage is that the county government would be able to lower operational costs and increase net revenues from co-managing such facilities. The county government could borrow experiences of co-management of livestock markets from other counties like Baringo and West Pokot where the County Livestock Marketing Councils (CLMC) in these counties take the lead to enforce market rules and collect taxes, which are shared between CLMC and the councils at an agreed proportion. Re-organising market rules would be a chance to introduce the auction system of selling that is much more transparent than the one-on-one bargain method of price discovery presently in use at all livestock markets in the county.

3.2.4: Market access and competitiveness of sector products and services

Quality of production

In livestock production, there are two issues of concern as they affect the quality of traded or home-consumed products, i.e. • The safety of animals or animal products that are

incorporated into the human food chain• The spread of trans-boundary animal diseases

(TADs) through trade.

The existence of known disease situations in a region or country predetermines the acceptability of livestock products from those areas for national or international trade.

In Marsabit County, the quality and acceptability of livestock products is affected by the prevalence of known animal diseases and production conditions. Permanent risk factors for disease propagation include

the movement of animals within the county and across national borders where management of some diseases may be suspect. The presence of wildlife, known as carriers of certain notifiable diseases, is a factor that heavily weighs in when evaluating countries or regions for trade in livestock and products in international markets. The difficulties in reaching consensus in the debate on the establishment of Disease Free Zones in parts of Kenya is one such example of the high standards of proof required in matters of international trade in animal products. Low quality of animal products incorporated into human food can also be seen from the quantity of condemned whole animal and meat products in slaughterhouses. Quality of production, and the storage and transportation of milk is compromised through the use of plastic containers that are difficult to clean. Selling livestock products like milk and meats by the road side exposes the products to potential contamination.

Marketing systems

The market systems include: • Primary collection markets where animal are

sold by producers to other producers for stock replacement, to local butchers for slaughter, and to traders to resell in larger regional markets. The traders here may also sell directly to terminal markets.

• Secondary distribution markets where the traders sell to local butchers and other traders who sell to terminal markets.

• Terminal markets where traders sell to local slaughterhouses and also export to destinations outside of the production region or country. The main terminal markets for livestock originating from the county is Nairobi, including the several selling points and slaughter points that make up the greater Nairobi metropolitan area.

Changes in direction of flow of market livestock and products occur seasonally and livestock flow north through Ethiopia and to the markets of the Middle East. The seasonal change in direction of flow can be expected to continue into the future as northern Kenya continues to exert significant influence on the Middle East meat markets.


As part of the value chain analysis, it is worth noting that women make very few decisions, if any at all, in shaping the structure of the markets of live animals. Women may be seen at the end of the value chain in processing of animals meats for restaurants. The small numbers of women participating at marketing yards operate to make small profits by buying animals as they arrive and reselling in the same markets.

The production and marketing of poultry and eggs is generally the preserve of women. There is substantial potential for expansion of poultry rearing in the county. The most promising areas of expansion in the county would be Sololo and Moyale, which probably have the highest population of indigenous chicken. Some studies have shown great potential for poultry to contribute significantly to household income, in addition to the contribution poultry products make to household nutrition.

Diversity and range of products

In animal production it is estimated that about 45% of the animal consists of the edible portion which is meat, 40% consists of what is not edible — basically skin, bones, horns and hooves, while 15% of the animal is waste.

It is worth noting that the most utilised animal product in the county is meat which is just 45% of an animal, leaving 55% largely wasted. The county therefore needs to come up with innovations to utilise other products like hides, skins, bones, horns and hooves to maximise on animal productivity.

Hides and skins often goes to inferior uses in the county due to lack of innovation in leather development. It has

been proven that one goat skin can produce articles worth KSh 4,000, equal to the cost of a live goat. Hides and skins and leather contribute 4% out of the 24% that the agriculture sector contributes to the National GDP.

About 70% of the country’s hides and skins are produced from the ASALs. The hides and skins in Marsabit County are of poor quality due to branding, poor flaying methods, poor curing methods, storage and transportation. This can be improved if actors along the production links can get the right information on quality control measures and also utilise opportunities for value addition. Producing a booklet “Guide for livestock keepers and traders” may be a viable first step to improving the production, management and processing of hides and skins.

Other animal products of value in the county include milk and animal fat which are food products for many households. A study on livestock products indicates that Marsabit County is limited in its diversity of products due to limited innovations in value addition for livestock products6.

Volumes and price discovery

Market information systems for livestock and their products should be streamlined to keep the producers and traders informed on the market situation. Approximately 387,600 sheep and goats, 96,160 cattle and 24,000 camels are sold or slaughtered each year in the county through the one to one

6 Field, C R. (n.d.). Assessment of alternative and complementary livelihoods for pastoralists in northern and northeastern Kenya.

Jewellery made from camel/cattle bones and horns

necklace made from livestock bones


method. The pastoralists will continue to receive training and opportunities to diversify production and commercialise their livestock enterprises. The county will step up efforts to keep the producers connected to markets, including direct connection with processing enterprises with the expectation of receiving greater returns from the livestock. Supplying livestock to processing factories through negotiated contracting would be most desirable as long as the suppliers receive fair prices and get paid on time.

There are already plans at the advanced stage to establish an in-county processing abattoir to regulate market flows, offer competitive returns to producers and traders, and to become a preferred instrument for drought-induced offtake.

The substantial public equity proposed for the abattoir could effectively be used as leverage to influence its operations for the larger public good, such as setting base prices of slaughter livestock in the county. The

abattoir could also create a footprint in the livestock industry by buying slaughter stock based on weight, thereby increasing transparency in price discovery.

Cost of transaction and gross margins: 2013-2014

value addition practices and potentialValue addition is the process of changing or transforming a product from its original state to a more valuable state, e.g. by processing. Creating value can enhance product characteristics and services, create brand names or develop unique customer preference. Strategies used in value addition include:1. Changing the physical state/form of products

.e.g. mincing of meat, deep frying preserved meat (nyir-nyir), biltong, making meat chops, and tanning of hides and skins to make finished products

2. Differentiating agricultural products in order to enhance their value, e.g. selling beef under a branded label

item Cost/head (KSh) Cost per truck (KSh)

Transport (10 ton lorry) 3,000 60,000

County Authority charges 500 10,000

Trader costs (transport, accommodation and food) 200 4,000

Veterinary movement fee 2.50 50

Turn boys 100 2,000

Identification fee 10 200

Loading ramp/lorry broker 50 1,000

Landing/overnight boma fee 100 2,000

Miscellaneous – e.g. clearing at police road blocks 100 2,000

total cost per animal 4,062.50 81,250

table 8: Cost of transporting 20 (live) head of cattle from Moyale to nairobi

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, 2013/14 Annual Report

item KSh

Mean buying price 35,000

Mean selling price 45,000

Marketing margin 10,000

Less marketing costs ( – ) 4,062.50

estimated trader profit (16.96% return on investment) 5,937.50

table 9: trader profit per animal (average adult male/cattle)

The figures are based on a good scenario with everything working smoothly, with no grazing/ watering fees at the destination market.



The benefits of value addition are:• Extending the shelf-life of the product • Enhancing the nutritional value of the product• Making the product more appealing to the

consumer• Targeting special niche markets• Optimising utilisation of raw materials that could

otherwise be wasted• Destroying disease-causing microorganisms

making the product safer

Value addition of livestock products:• Milk: pasteurisation, sterilisation, product

manufacture• Meat: canning, mincing to make sausage,

salami, meatballs, biltong etc.• Hides and skins: production for manufacture of

leather and leather goods

Market destination and products• Local markets: Moyale, Sololo, Jirime, Dirib

Gombo, Dukana, North Horr, Merille, Illaut, Korr and Olturot

• External markets • Camel — Ethiopia and Athi River• Cattle — Nairobi, Ethiopia • Sheep and goats — Nairobi and Ethiopia• Livestock by-products/hides and skins —Isiolo,

Thika and Nairobi

Contracts and trading agreements There are no formal contracts and trading agreements existing in the county for livestock and products. However, this is desirable as discussed above.

Financial inclusivenessAlthough financial facilities exist in the county, there is little interest in giving loans. Approximately 1% to 2% of the male traders get loans from these financial institutions. An even lower proportion of women succeed in getting loans because they lack collateral, have lower employment rates (therefore less income), have to resist religious influences, are less literate, lack guarantors and have low entrepreneurial skills.

3.2.5: Gender and social inclusion in planning, decision making and implementation

Background and gender disparities

The current male and female populations in Marsabit are 126,482 and 189,724 respectively out of a total population of 316,206 persons. The pronounced gender disparity could be due to the livestock rustling rampant in parts of Marsabit and frequent inter-clan conflicts that expose the men to higher risks.

County specific situationDecisions are made by men on all matters pertaining to community, households, political and social issues, while women do most of the household chores and development work. The youth are the least active during good seasons but become heavily engaged when droughts and conflict challenge the survival of the communities.

income inequalitiesMen make decisions on what animals are to be sold to take care of family needs, and earn more than women yet they do less work. Women are engaged in livestock products trade and the little income they earn is spent on household needs.

Access and control over productive resources including creditAccess to credit facilities in the county is limited and only accessible to those with collateral living in or close to urban centres where these services are located. Youth and women cannot access credit facilities easily since they are not involved in decision making, are resource poor and with no collateral to offer.

education, employmentThe illiteracy level in the county is estimated at 67.7%. An estimated 25% of the population has attended basic education, 4.6% has attained secondary school education while 2-8% have attended tertiary training institutions. Although gender breakdowns are not readily available, it can be assumed that most of the recipients of education in a typical household are male.


Cultural practices and beliefs in livestock managementHerding of livestock is done by men and youth, while herding of calves, lambs and kids is done by women and children. Milking of camels is done by men, while milking of cattle is done by both genders. Milking of goats and sheep is done purely by women and children.

Disabling cultural practices:

º Early marriages

º Early pregnancy in some communities

º Female genital mutilation is rampant

out-migration – impact on livelihoods and productivityThe livestock sub-sector, especially the pastoral production system, has been impacted on significantly because of out-migration of some segments of the populations. First, there are significant drop outs from the pastoral system whenever there is a significant drought. These drop outs tend not to come back in full even with external restocking efforts. Secondly, there are literate groups who find attraction in other forms of employment or simply wish to change their lifestyle to live in towns, including moving to cities as resident livestock traders or brokers at livestock markets.

There is also growing disconnect between the mobile herds and part of the household, especially the women and children, who chose to settle to attend school and live closer to health facilities and other amenities. The net result is a reducing number of mobile herders. There is then the tendency among the wealthier tier of livestock owners to send out hired men with the herds and flocks, as the owners remain behind in settlements.

While pastoralism has survived on mobility, the future scenario will no doubt be a modified version of the age- old pastoral production system.

role of associations and chamas in the livestock sub-sectorSocial networks have always existed in pastoral societies as a survival mechanism. In the last few decades, external influence has played a key role in

organising common-interest users into management groups such as water user associations, pastoralist associations, the environmental management committees and livestock traders associations. Their membership is primarily male. Few of the groups are in livestock production as communities already have organised management of livestock, informally and quite differently. A county level umbrella organisation incorporating most of these is the County Livestock Marketing Council (CLMC) whose strength appears to be in galvanising members for lobby and advocacy and to some extent linking traders to external markets.

The CLMC could add value to its existence by strengthening support to members who are producers by supporting drought response and mitigation actions, e.g. fodder delivery and distribution in times of drought crisis and coordinating drought-induced offtake.

research and pilotingResearch and piloting of livestock programmes in the livestock sub-sector in the county is done by the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO) Marsabit station. KALRO provides information for the implementation of best practices to the Ministry.

Going forward, and to speed up the pathway to attaining food security, the county will have to do more piloting of borrowed proven practices to increase total production and improve efficiencies. These are discussed further within the MPT targets in the following chapter on Implementation Strategy.

3.2.6: Climate change mitigation and adaptation

Climate change mitigation at county level

At county level there is an NDMA office in Marsabit town and a satellite office in Moyale sub-county. The agency is charged with the responsibility of monitoring the slow onset and development of droughts, sending early warning alerts, coordinating sharing of information for early response and spearheading response activities in the ASALs, assisted by a climate



change working group. Fortunately, the response team is multi-agency. This coordination mechanism needs strengthening and harmonisation, especially for the response teams to revert to resilience building and development mode as soon as critical stages of the drought have passed. The team needs to have a clear pathway for resilience building.

[Perhaps this calls for a good pilot case where the county identifies a few vulnerable communities to support through the resilience pathway from food insecure to food secure for learning.]

A clear base for such pilot cases would be a must so that a smart monitoring system can deliver desired results for learning.

impact of climate change on poverty alleviation, quality of life and resilienceDrought is the single most important natural hazard in Kenya. It shatters livelihoods and causes hunger, nutrition-related diseases and even death. Droughts lead to a decline in food production, affect the migratory patterns of pastoralists, exacerbate resource-based conflict and cause substantial loss of assets, triggering acute food insecurity among vulnerable households and placing a heavy strain on both the local and national economies.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) notes that climate change, if not tackled, will have a severe negative impact on global water supply, agricultural yields, marine ecosystems and the spread of vector-borne diseases. In recent years Kenya has experienced recurrent floods, which have caused widespread crop damage and livestock losses, and prolonged frequent droughts. Both phenomena are manifestations of a changing climate; both have significant social, economic and ecological implications, and both contribute to food insecurity, especially in the ASALs.

Land in arid and pastoral counties is predominantly managed on a communal basis, which facilitates nomadic pastoralism. However, this mode of production is threatened by factors such as land fragmentation, population pressure, urbanisation and encroachment into the ecosystem by invasive species such as Ipomoea and Mathenge (Prosopis juliflora) and disease epidemics. Charcoal burning,

quarrying, firewood cutting and sand harvesting degrade the environment still further.

Contribution to conflict (human/livestock/wildlife)Drought and conflict are mutually reinforcing. The scarcity of water and pasture experienced during drought periods, and the inter-communal competition over natural resources that results, whether within the pastoral system, between pastoralists and farmers, or between people and wildlife, increases insecurity within Kenya and across its borders.

Adaptation through mix of livestock speciesThe trends in changing combinations of livestock species kept by pastoral households have been evident. In the drier zones of the county, the population of camel herds has been on the rise in most pastoral households. On average, camel females lactate for about 10 months, even in drought seasons, while the other species of livestock dry up as soon as challenged by a drought. The young would be the first group of casualties as the pastoralists cut off the milk from the young to save the mothers. At worst the females may also die from starvation. Without doubt the camel is the animal for the future in the pastoral lands where addressing food security is the primary objective.

[This Sector Plan hopes to create a window for piloting an activity on productivity and marketing of camel dairy products towards poverty alleviation and food security.]

3.2.7: Access to credible, updated information and knowledge management system databases in the agriculture sub-sector

Background

Credible updated information or knowledge management database systems are available but only accessible to very few people. GIS maps are available specifying areas of productive resources, conservation and specific assets such as forests and national parks. There is need for more


mapping for resources such as the salt in Chalbi desert, which can be used in livestock production and curing of hides and skins. There is also a great need to train sub-sector technical staff on the same and purchase of the appropriate equipment.

M&e systemsThe M&E system is not in place for the sector, and where it exists in relation to project activities, it is not operational. An M&E system is needed especially to track incremental progress along the Vision 2030 pathway that this Sector Plan attempts to chart.

Documentation, central repositoryThere is none in the county. There is great need to establish documentation centres and a central repository.

Census and farm surveysNo livestock census and survey has been done in the recent past in the whole county, leading to outdated and inaccurate information on livestock population and other related issues.

information portals – RESAKSS, ALIN, ILRI, KALRO None in the county.

Digital data storageNo facilities in the county.

Publications/media awareness centreNone in the county but there is great need to establish such a centre.

education – targeting the youthNo developed agricultural education curriculum targeting the youth in the county, but there is need to develop one in the sub-sector.

Weather/climate data recordingThere are only 2 established meteorological stations in the county — Marsabit and Moyale stations. Interpretations of weather data therefore refer only to these 2 reference points and inferences can be wide and inaccurate.

iCt in livestock: e-extensionNationally, there is an ICT node in the Livestock Department offices in Nairobi. It is not regularly updated and very few extension staff are able to

access the website. There are insufficient computers and most of the staff have no computer skills. There is therefore need for some ICT training and provision of computers to the county staff.

indigenous knowledgeThe county is rich in indigenous knowledge, but little documentation has been done. This knowledge may need to be documented and patented.

early warning systemsTraditional early warning weather forecasters are in place in most of the pastoral communities, but they have not been inventoried and their information not documented. Conventional systems are also in place in the way of meteorological stations but dissemination of information is poor because it does not reach the general public e.g. pastoralists.

Supporting infrastructure – power/solarThe county is endowed with solar and wind (green energy), but it is not exploited. This has hindered the flow of credible information and development of databases at grassroots level. Conventional power supply is limited to Marsabit and Moyale and their environs.

3.2.8: Affordable, accessible and effective service delivery

technical capacities, numbers vs. the desirable ratiosThe sub-sector has a national ratio of technical personnel to farmers of 1:500. Marsabit County, however, has a staff to farmer ratio of 1:1100, which is far lower than the nationally desirable capacity.

Staff rationalisation/right sizingThe livestock sub-sector staff is very lean in the county. Job promotion and chances for further studies are limited.

infrastructure and tools for deliveryThe livestock sub-sector is seriously constrained in terms of infrastructure, funding, tools and equipment for delivery, for instance transport and office space.



Appropriate capacities/qualityMost of the staff have appropriate training and qualifications, but their numbers are too low.

Appropriate extension service delivery system (county specific)Extension services are tailored to suit the prevailing situation on the ground and are supply driven. This needs to change to achieve the desired impacts.

Data gathering/analysis and feedback systemData gathering is done but analysis, storage and feedback mechanisms are poor.

Agribusiness-oriented service delivery (private sector-led)Agribusiness service delivery mechanisms are in place but are supply driven. These are more pronounced in urban and peri-urban agricultural systems.

Agro-input supplierThe county has a limited number of agro-input suppliers, which are privately owned and mainly supply veterinary drugs.

Demand-driven vs. supply-driven extension Extension service delivery is supply-driven and not demand-driven in the county. Extension services are delivered to groups and individual farmers/pastoralists.

3.2.9: the implementation strategy matrix of the livestock sub-sector plan

The Vision 2030 MTP 1 was implemented between the period 2008 and 2012. MTP 2 covers the period 2013 -2017. This Sector Plan has been developed reflecting the combined efforts of MTP 1&2 for the immediate short term but also projected for the remainder of the Vision 2030 period.

It is proposed that all activities suggested for the MTP 1&2 be made part of the CIDP (2013-17) Implementation Phase, which would have the desired effect of greatly enriching the current CIDP. There will be budgetary implications for expanding CIDP

activities that quickly but prioritisation is a function of management and those charged with the responsibility of delivering Marsabit County to food secure status in the shortest time possible.This phasing of implementation and the clear statement of targets allows the opportunity to initiate an M&E system to track incremental gains made through the implementation processes.

The following schedules present detailed activities and measurable targets from MTPs 1 through 5, until the year 2032.The column incorporating the immediate intervention areas (MTP 1&2) is highlighted to indicate interventions that can immediately be implemented in the current CIDP. The rows and activities suggested for piloting and innovation are also highlighted.


• Increase productivity of milk, meat, by-products for all species of livestock via better feeding, disease control, breeding practices

• Value addition of product value chains and improved access to markets

• Early offtakes for highest returns from market participation when drought threatens

• Policies to allow mobility of pastoralist herds to grazing grounds and markets

• Improved and sustainable utilisation of natural resources

• Increased access to and use of livestock inputs

• Improved prophylaxis and management of trade-sensitive diseases

• A strategy for drought risk reduction, including in-county fodder production, storage and distribution to sustain core breeding herds

• Enacting supportive policies• Increased focus on the camel as most suited

livestock species for arid lands


activities that quickly but prioritisation is a function of management and those charged with the responsibility of delivering Marsabit County to food secure status in the shortest time possible.This phasing of implementation and the clear statement of targets allows the opportunity to initiate an M&E system to track incremental gains made through the implementation processes.

The following schedules present detailed activities and measurable targets from MTPs 1 through 5, until the year 2032.The column incorporating the immediate intervention areas (MTP 1&2) is highlighted to indicate interventions that can immediately be implemented in the current CIDP. The rows and activities suggested for piloting and innovation are also highlighted.


Tabl

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(Con

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ute

30%

food

sec

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by

2017

)

MtP

320

18 -

202

2M

tP 4

2023

-20

27M

tP 5

2028

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40%

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FMD

from

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FMD

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Sur

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di

seas

es e

stab

lishe

d fro

m 8

to 1

0 di

seas

es

Sta

tus

of A

LL tr

ans-

boun

dary

ani

mal

dis

ease

s es

tabl

ishe

d

AI: A

rtific

ial i

nsem

inat

ion,

CB

PP: C

onta

giou

s bo

vine

ple

urop

neum

onia

, CC

PP: C

onta

giou

s ca

prin

e pl

euro

pneu

mon

ia, E

MC

: Env

ironm

enta

l man

agem

ent c

omm

ittee

, FM

D: F

oot-a

nd-m

outh

dis

ease

, PP

R :

Pest

e de

s pe

tits

rum

inan

ts, S

urra

: Cam

el tr

ypan

osom

osis


targ

ets/

obje

ctiv

e M

tP

1 &

2P

riorit

y/fla

gsh

ip it

em in

C

iDP

and

MtP

1 &

2o

utp

ut ta

rget

s fo

rM

tP 1

&2

(Con

trib

ute

30%

food

sec

urity

by

2017

)

MtP

320

18 -

202

2M

tP 4

2023

-20

27M

tP 5

2028

- 2

032

to tr

ain

lives

tock

ow

ners

on

lives

tock

hu

sban

dry

Hol

d 50

farm

ers

field

day

s at

vill

age

leve

l5,

000

lives

tock

ow

ners

tr

aine

d o

n im

pro

ved

m

arke

t wei

ght

and

re

duc

ed ti

me

to m

atur

ityta

rget

:La

rge

rum

inan

ts r

each

30

0 kg

av.

wt i

n 4

yrs;

sm

all s

tock

30

kg i

n 4

yrs

Add

ition

al 5

,000

live

stoc

k ow

ners

trai

ned

on

impr

oved

mar

ket w

eigh

t an

d re

duce

d tim

e to

m

atur

ity.

Targ

et:

Larg

e ru

min

ants

reac

h 30

0 kg

av.

wt i

n 5

yrs;

sm

all s

tock

30

kg i

n ne

xt

5 yr

s

Add

ition

al 5

,000

live

stoc

k ow

ners

trai

ned

onIm

prov

ed m

arke

t wei

ght

and

redu

ced

time

to

mat

urity

.Ta

rget

:La

rge

rum

inan

ts re

ach

300

kg a

v. w

t in

5 yr

s;

smal

l sto

ck 3

0 kg

in

next

5

yrs

Add

ition

al 5

,000

live

stoc

k ow

ners

trai

ned

onim

prov

ed m

arke

t wei

ght

and

redu

ced

time

to

mat

urity

.Ta

rget

:La

rge

rum

inan

ts re

ach

300

kg a

v. w

t in

5 yr

s;

smal

l sto

ck 3

0 kg

in

next

5

yrs

to p

rovi

de

safe

, w

hole

som

e an

d h

igh

qua

lity

mea

t for

hum

an

cons

ump

tion

• C

ompl

ete

the

Moy

ale

and

Lais

amis

sl

augh

terh

ouse

s•

Rel

ocat

e an

d up

grad

e th

e M

arsa

bit t

own

slau

ghte

r-hou

se•

Con

stru

ct S

olol

o an

d N

orth

Hor

r sl

augh

terh

ouse

;•

Rec

ruit,

trai

n an

d eq

uip

8 m

ore

mea

t ins

pect

ors

•5

slau

ght

erho

uses

op

erat

iona

lised

;•

8 m

eat i

nsp

ecto

rs

recr

uite

d ,t

rain

ed a

nd

faci

litat

ed

Add

ition

al/ u

pgra

ded

slau

ghte

rhou

ses

at: K

orr,

Turb

i, D

ukan

a, M

aiko

na,

Kal

acha

Upg

rade

d sl

augh

terh

ouse

s at

all

cent

res

with

pop

ulat

ions

ab

ove

5,00

0 pe

rson

s

Upg

rade

d sl

augh

terh

ouse

s at

all

cent

res

with

pop

ulat

ions

ab

ove

5,00

0 pe

rson

s

Tabl

e 10

: Tar

gets

for

the

lives

tock

sub

-sec

tor



targ

ets/

obje

ctiv

e M

tP

1 &

2P

riorit

y/fla

gsh

ip it

em in

C

iDP

and

MtP

1 &

2o

utp

ut ta

rget

s fo

rM

tP 1

&2

(Con

trib

ute

30%

food

sec

urity

by

2017

)

MtP

320

18 -

202

2M

tP 4

2023

-20

27M

tP 5

2028

- 2

032

to im

pro

ve li

vest

ock

pro

duc

tion

and

p

rod

uctiv

ity

• B

reed

impr

ovem

ent;

• Pa

stur

e an

d fo

dder

im

prov

emen

t and

es

tabl

ishm

ent

• Im

prov

e ac

cess

to

qual

ity p

rodu

ctio

n in

puts

and

ser

vice

s

•in

trod

uce

Ai s

chem

es

and

est

ablis

h on

e b

oran

bre

ed

imp

rove

men

t and

m

ultip

licat

ion

cent

re•

Pro

mot

e P

PP

s fr

om 5

to

10

per

sub

-cou

nty.

• Fu

nctio

nal A

I ser

vice

s in

Sak

u•

fodd

er p

rodu

ctio

n ex

pand

ed in

Sol

olo,

K

aisu

t/ Lo

golo

go/

Sor

iadi

/Milg

is fl

ood

plai

ns•

Agr

i-inp

ut s

hops

at

Mer

ille,

Kor

r, K

argi

, Lo

golo

go, N

orth

Hor

r, M

aiko

na, S

olol

o, T

urbi

an

d D

abel

• H

ay s

tore

s co

nnec

ted

to a

gri-i

nput

sho

ps

abov

e

Sec

ond

agri-

inpu

t sup

ply

shop

s at

Sol

olo,

Moy

ale,

M

arsa

bit,

Mer

ille

Agr

i-inp

ut s

hops

, als

o co

nnec

ted

to h

ay s

tore

s at

all

cent

res

with

5,0

00+

pe

rson

s

Pro

mot

e re

hab

ilita

tion

of r

ang

elan

ds

• E

stab

lish

20

envi

ronm

enta

l m

anag

emen

t co

mm

ittee

s •

Enf

orce

men

t of

tradi

tiona

l gra

zing

m

anag

emen

t by-

law

s an

d de

sign

ing

prop

er

graz

ing

syst

ems

•4

envi

ronm

enta

l m

anag

emen

t co

mm

ittee

s •

esta

blis

hed

per

war

d

• E

MC

s in

eac

h w

ard

also

func

tioni

ng

as ra

ngel

and

use

educ

ator

s an

d re

gula

tors

• 1

biog

as p

lant

in e

ach

scho

ol

• E

MC

s in

eac

h w

ard

also

func

tioni

ng

as ra

ngel

and

use

educ

ator

s an

d re

gula

tors

• B

ioga

s pl

ant a

t eac

h he

alth

faci

lity

EM

Cs

in e

ach

war

d al

so

func

tioni

ng a

s ra

ngel

and

use

educ

ator

s an

d re

gula

tors

Tabl

e 10

: Tar

gets

for

the

lives

tock

sub

-sec

tor


targ

ets/

obje

ctiv

e M

tP

1 &

2P

riorit

y/fla

gsh

ip it

em in

C

iDP

and

MtP

1 &

2o

utp

ut ta

rget

s fo

rM

tP 1

&2

(Con

trib

ute

30%

food

sec

urity

by

2017

)

MtP

320

18 -

202

2M

tP 4

2023

-20

27M

tP 5

2028

- 2

032

to p

rovi

de

effe

ctiv

e ex

tens

ion

serv

ice

del

iver

y to

pas

tora

lists

Faci

litat

ion

of e

xist

ing

tech

nica

l ext

ensi

on s

taff.

Trai

ning

of t

he e

xten

sion

st

aff o

n em

ergi

ng

tech

nolo

gies

.

• 32

tech

nica

l sta

ff tra

ined

an

d fa

cilit

ated

• B

uild

an

offic

e bl

ock

for

Lais

amis

•P

urch

ase

of o

ne

vehi

cle

for

each

sub

-co

unty

•b

uild

sta

ff q

uart

ers

• E

xten

sion

sta

ff up

datin

g m

essa

ges

via

inte

rnet

.•

App

ropr

iate

teac

hing

ai

d bo

okle

ts/m

ater

ials

re

gula

rly s

uppl

ied

to

loca

l sch

ools

• A

nim

al h

ealth

m

essa

ges

and

notifi

catio

ns re

gula

rly

post

ed a

t war

d of

fice

notic

e bo

ards

• R

egul

ar ra

dio

broa

dcas

ts o

n ke

y ex

tens

ion

mes

sage

s in

lo

cal l

angu

ages

• C

ount

y Li

vest

ock

Mar

ketin

g C

ounc

ils

man

agin

g ha

y st

ores

Reg

ular

radi

o br

oadc

asts

on

key

ext

ensi

on

mes

sage

s in

loca

l la

ngua

ges

to in

crea

se a

vaila

bili

ty

and

acc

essi

bili

ty o

f ra

nge

wat

er

• C

onst

ruct

ion

of 5

0 ne

w w

ater

pan

s an

d re

habi

litat

ion

of 1

00

exis

ting

wat

er p

ans

• R

ehab

ilita

tion

of 3

0 ex

istin

g s

trate

gic

bore

hole

s

•P

rovi

sion

of a

dd

ition

al

1 m

io m

3 of

wat

er fo

r liv

esto

ck•

op

enin

g o

f 200

,000

ac

res

of g

razi

ng a

rea

• C

omm

uniti

es c

ontin

ue

to e

ffect

ivel

y m

anag

e an

d m

aint

ain

deve

lope

d w

ater

faci

litie

s•

Ope

ratio

n of

bor

ehol

es

unde

r priv

ate

mgt

for

effic

ienc

y

Com

mun

ities

con

tinue

to

effe

ctiv

ely

man

age

and

mai

ntai

n de

velo

ped

wat

er fa

cilit

ies

Com

mun

ities

con

tinue

to

effe

ctiv

ely

man

age

and

mai

ntai

n de

velo

ped

wat

er

faci

litie

s

to in

crea

se p

astu

re

avai

lab

ility

and

ac

cess

ibili

ty

• R

esee

ding

of 1

000

Ha

of

rang

elan

ds•

Est

ablis

h 10

acr

es fo

r bu

lkin

g pa

stur

e se

eds

per s

ub-c

ount

y•

Pro

mot

e co

mm

erci

al

past

ures

pro

duct

ion

on

200

Ha

• 4

addi

tiona

l hay

sto

res

(she

ds) c

onst

ruct

ed

with

cap

aciti

es fo

r 100

0 ba

les

•P

rod

uctio

n of

3,3

75

tonn

es o

f hay

•40

00 b

ales

sto

red

Priv

ate

oper

ator

s fo

r pr

oduc

tion

and

mgt

of

hay

stor

es

1 la

rge

inpu

t sup

ply

shop

ope

ratin

g ea

ch a

t M

arsa

bit a

nd M

oyal

e

All

inpu

t sup

plie

s an

d fo

dder

pro

duct

ion

and

dist

ribut

ion

in p

rivat

e se

ctor

Tabl

e 10

: Tar

gets

for

the

lives

tock

sub

-sec

tor



targ

ets/

obje

ctiv

e M

tP

1 &

2P

riorit

y/fla

gsh

ip it

em in

C

iDP

and

MtP

1 &

2o

utp

ut ta

rget

s fo

rM

tP 1

&2

(Con

trib

ute

30%

food

sec

urity

by

2017

)

MtP

320

18 -

202

2M

tP 4

2023

-20

27M

tP 5

2028

- 2

032

to in

crea

se in

com

e an

d

crea

te e

mp

loym

ent f

rom

liv

esto

ck p

rod

ucts

Valu

e ad

ditio

n on

hid

es

and

skin

s, c

amel

milk

, m

eat,

bone

s an

d ho

rns,

ho

ney

and

bees

wax

•10

00 p

eop

le tr

aine

d

on v

alue

ad

diti

on

tech

nolo

gie

s•

4 co

ttag

e in

dus

trie

s es

tab

lishe

d to

pro

duc

e m

ilk p

rod

ucts

, lea

ther

p

rod

ucts

and

cra

fting

b

ones

, hor

ns

• Le

athe

r, bo

ne, h

orn

craf

ts a

ttain

ing

expo

rt qu

ality

• B

rand

ed c

amel

milk

pr

oduc

ts in

mar

ket

• B

rand

ed s

olar

drie

d m

eat (

bilto

ng) p

rodu

cts

in m

arke

t

• Le

athe

r, bo

ne, h

orn

craf

ts m

aint

aini

ng

expo

rt qu

ality

• M

eat a

nd m

ilk p

rodu

ct

bran

ds e

stab

lishe

d in

m

arke

ts

• Le

athe

r, bo

ne, h

orn

craf

ts m

aint

aini

ng

expo

rt qu

ality

• M

eat a

nd m

ilk p

rodu

ct

bran

ds e

stab

lishe

d in

m

arke

ts

FLA

GS

HiP

Pr

oJe

CtS

, MtP

-2 —

Liv

eS

toC

K

to d

o id

entif

icat

ion

and

tr

acea

bili

ty o

f liv

esto

ck

and

live

stoc

k p

rod

ucts

.

• U

se R

IFD

chi

p an

d ra

dio

track

ing

tech

nolo

gies

• B

rand

ing

of p

rodu

cts

• 2

00,0

00 c

attle

id

entif

ied

•10

0,00

0 ca

mel

id

entif

ied

•1,

051,

750

Goa

ts a

nd

She

ep id

entif

ied

Exp

and

on b

asis

of n

eed

Exp

and

on b

asis

of n

eed

Exp

and

on b

asis

of n

eed

est

ablis

hmen

t of

dat

abas

e fo

r liv

esto

ck

and

ran

gel

and

m

onito

ring

sys

tem

.

• Li

vest

ock

cens

us

• G

eo-r

efer

ence

d ra

nge

reso

urce

aud

it an

d m

appi

ng

•C

ond

uct 1

cou

nty

lives

tock

cen

sus

•C

ond

uct 1

cou

nty

rang

e re

sour

ce a

udit

Kee

p liv

esto

ck a

nd ra

nge

inve

ntor

y da

taba

ses

upda

ted

via

M&

E

Rep

eat L

ives

tock

C

ensu

s;M

aint

ain

M&

E

Rep

eat r

ange

inve

ntor

y;M

7E

Pro

mot

e cl

imat

e ch

ang

e sm

art t

echn

olog

ies

• Fl

ood

wat

er h

arve

stin

g fo

r fod

der p

rodu

ctio

n.•

Sol

ar p

ower

ed c

otta

ge

indu

strie

s

•C

onst

ruct

ion

of 1

meg

a d

am a

long

Milg

is, f

or

fod

der

pro

duc

tion

•e

stab

lish

1 so

lar-

pow

ered

cot

tag

e in

dus

try

in G

udas

• E

stab

lish

flood

-irrig

ated

fo

dder

farm

in D

amba

la

Fach

ana

• E

stab

lish

1 so

lar-

pow

ered

cot

tage

in

dust

ry a

t S

hurr

a

• E

stab

lish

flood

irr

igat

ed fo

dder

farm

in

Laga

Bal

al•

Est

ablis

h 1

cotta

ge

indu

stry

in D

ukan

a

Est

ablis

h co

ttage

in

dust

ries

in K

ate

Tabl

e 10

: Tar

gets

for

the

lives

tock

sub

-sec

tor


targ

ets/

obje

ctiv

e M

tP

1 &

2P

riorit

y/fla

gsh

ip it

em in

C

iDP

and

MtP

1 &

2o

utp

ut ta

rget

s fo

rM

tP 1

&2

(Con

trib

ute

30%

food

sec

urity

by

2017

)

MtP

320

18 -

202

2M

tP 4

2023

-20

27M

tP 5

2028

- 2

032

PiL

ot:

D

evel

opm

ent o

f 1

exp

ort-

leve

l ab

atto

ir at

ei

ther

Log

olog

o or

Seg

el

Mea

t and

mea

t by-

prod

ucts

pro

cess

ing

plan

t

• E

xpor

t-lev

el a

batto

ir of

20

0 he

ad/c

attle

cap

acity

co

nstru

cted

at L

ogol

ogo/

Sor

iadi

are

a or

Seg

el•

14,4

00 M

T of

ass

orte

d m

eats

pro

cess

ed a

t ab

atto

ir

15,0

00 M

T m

eats

pr

oces

sed

at a

batto

ir16

,000

MT

mea

ts

proc

esse

d17

,000

MT

mea

ts

proc

esse

d

inn

ovA

te:

Use

of h

ydro

pon

ic

tech

niq

ue fo

r in

tens

ive

fod

der

pro

duc

tion

Inte

nsiv

e fe

edin

g of

da

iry li

vest

ock,

sav

ing

prod

uctiv

e fe

mal

es

durin

g dr

ough

ts, f

eedi

ng

youn

g ca

lves

thro

ugh

drou

ghts

100

hous

ehol

ds

utili

sing

hy

dro

pon

ic te

chni

que

s as

res

pon

se to

dro

ught

200

hous

ehol

ds u

tilis

ing

hydr

opon

ic te

chni

ques

300

hous

ehol

ds u

tilis

ing

hydr

opon

ic te

chni

ques

400

hous

ehol

ds u

tilis

ing

hydr

opon

ic te

chni

ques

PiL

ot:

C

omm

erci

alis

atio

n of

ca

mel

milk

• S

uppo

rting

6 w

omen

/yo

uth

grou

ps to

kee

p ca

mel

s•

Trai

n th

ese

wom

en/

yout

h gr

oups

on

hygi

enic

col

lect

ion

of c

amel

milk

, tra

nspo

rtatio

n an

d pr

oces

sing

into

pr

oduc

ts

600

L of

cam

el m

ilk

hyg

ieni

cally

col

lect

ed,

tran

spor

ted

and

p

roce

ssed

at L

ogol

ogo,

M

arsa

bit,

Sol

olo,

Moy

ale,

n

orth

Hor

r, M

erill

e

1,20

0 L

of c

amel

and

co

w m

ilk h

ygie

nica

lly

colle

cted

, tra

nspo

rted

and

proc

esse

d at

urb

an

cent

res

2,00

0 L

of c

amel

and

co

w m

ilk h

ygie

nica

lly

colle

cted

, tra

nspo

rted

and

proc

esse

d at

urb

an

cent

res

3,00

0 L

of c

amel

and

co

w m

ilk h

ygie

nica

lly

colle

cted

, tra

nspo

rted

and

proc

esse

d at

urb

an

cent

res

PiL

ot:

P

rom

otio

n of

pou

ltry

keep

ing

As

inco

me

gene

ratio

n ac

tivity

in S

olol

o, M

oyal

e E

ntry

to im

prov

ing

hous

ehol

d nu

tritio

n

10 w

omen

gro

ups

keep

ing

pou

ltry

in

Sol

olo,

Moy

ale

20 w

omen

gro

ups

and

indi

vidu

al h

ouse

hold

s ke

epin

g po

ultry

30 w

omen

gro

ups

and

indi

vidu

al h

ouse

hold

s ke

epin

g po

ultry

40 w

omen

gro

ups

and

indi

vidu

al h

ouse

hold

s ke

epin

g po

ultry

PiL

ot:

S

olar

-pow

ered

hon

ey

refin

ing

Hyg

ieni

c ho

ney

prod

uctio

n an

d pr

oces

sing

enh

ance

d

Hon

ey p

rod

uctio

n/

pro

cess

ing

enh

ance

d in

n

gur

unit,

illa

ut, S

outh

H

orr,

Mt K

ulal

, Mar

sab

it M

ount

ain,

Sol

olo,

Dab

el,

God

oma

Hon

ey p

rodu

ctio

n/

proc

essi

ng e

nhan

ced

in N

guru

nit,

Illau

t, S

outh

H

orr,

Mt K

ulal

, Mar

sabi

t M

ount

ain,

Sol

olo,

Dab

el,

God

oma

Hon

ey p

rodu

ctio

n/

proc

essi

ng e

nhan

ced

in N

guru

nit,

Illau

t, S

outh

H

orr,

Mt K

ulal

, Mar

sabi

t M

ount

ain,

Sol

olo,

Dab

el,

God

oma

Hon

ey p

rodu

ctio

n en

hanc

ed in

Ngu

runi

t, Ill

aut,

Sou

th H

orr,

Mt

Kul

al, M

arsa

bit M

ount

ain,

S

olol

o, D

abel

, God

oma

Tabl

e 10

: Tar

gets

for

the

lives

tock

sub

-sec

tor


by utilising by-products, skins and hides, the productivity of the livestock sector can be increased.


el-Molo traditional fishing village at Lake turkana.


3.3 FiSHerieS SUb-SeCtor

3.3.1: improve production and productivity in fisheries

In Kenya, capture fisheries takes place in Lakes Victoria, Naivasha, Baringo, Jipe, Challa and in Lake Turkana.

Those involved in fishing in Lake Turkana in Marsabit County mainly reside near the lake in Laisamis and North Horr sub-counties. The main fishing and landing areas are in Loiyangalani, El Molo Bay, Moite, Illeret and Telesgaye.

The fish species commercially harvested in Lake Turkana are tilapia, labeo and Nile perch. Fishing provides direct employment to the fishermen, traders, transporters, boat builders etc. The local communities engaged in fisheries industry are the El Molo, Dasanach, Turkana, Rendille, Samburu, Gabbra, Burji and Garri.

Current fish production volumes in Marsabit County are estimated at 630 MT per year, worth approximately KSh 45.5 million. About 80% of the fish is transported and sold to destinations outside the county, mainly to Kisumu, Busia, Nairobi, Uganda and the Congo. The potential volume that can sustainably be harvested is not known but there are indications that the current level of exploitation is far below the sustainable potential. This is because, using very rudimentary fishing methods, fishermen are still able to get a good catch.

Most fish is currently sold in dried or salted form, with little value addition. If the fish were sold fresh, there would be a 100% income increase for the fisherfolk. There is therefore, a good case for the county to invest in cold storage facilities to increase the worth of the fish and cut down on spoilage.

At least one team of fish traders owns a refrigerated truck, buys the fish at the beaches (Illeret) and transports them to terminal markets. They play an important role as they bear the risks associated with the transportation of highly perishable fresh fish through the hostile environment and the price fluctuations at

the terminal markets. On the other hand, for dried fish, the local traders buy directly from the fisherfolk at the beaches (Loiyangalani, El Molo Bay, Moite and Illeret) and transport them to the terminal markets where they sell them. The prices of fresh fish at the terminal market are higher by an average factor of 10. Despite the reduced risks associated with trading in dried fish, such as perishability during transportation and storage, the benefits lost are so high that the county should invest in promoting fresh fish trading.

Other products from the fishing industry around Lake Turkana include fish oil and Nile perch swim bladder, which at the moment do not make a significant contribution to the local economic and can be further explored. With a litre of fish oil going for KSh 600 and a kilo of Nile perch swim bladder (used for making surgical sutures) fetching KSh 12,000, the potential of these products to contribute significantly to the livelihood of fisherfolk is enormous.

3.3.2 Sustainable access to adequate, nutritious, quality animal food for all at all times

Fish is one of the high quality animal proteins — highly nutritious, tasty and easily digested. It is much sought after by a broad cross-section of the world’s population. Most fish are low in fat and cholesterol as well as being a good source of protein, making them a good choice for a healthy diet. The body does not store protein, so it needs to be replenished in the daily diet. All fish are a good source of B vitamins and oil-rich fish are a good source of vitamins A and D. Many species of fish also provide a good source for calcium.By promoting fish production and supply, and lobbying for culture and attitude change among non-fish eating communities, fish can contribute immensely to addressing Marsabit County food insecurity.


Fishing as an occupation is as old as mankind, starting as a process of hunting and gathering for food and to eke out a living. During colonial rule the importance of capture fisheries was relegated to the periphery of the national interest. It was considered of low importance because it only served as a supplementary food supply,

FiSHerieS SUb-SeCtor


except to those living around major water bodies. In 1905 trout were introduced in the rivers around Mt Kenya and this led to subsequent legislation, the Trout Ordinance Act, Cap 380 of the Law of Kenya, in 1948. Today, the fisheries interest by local communities has expanded to include commercial exploitation of fresh water fish, marine fisheries and subsistence fish farming in potential areas.

The lack of clear objectives in the sector led to the formulation of the National Fisheries Policy (2008) which seeks to address the institutional policy and legal framework and sustainable utilisation of fisheries resources. The Act further seeks to achieve sustainable aquaculture development, fish safety and quality assurance, value addition and marketing, and infrastructure and institutional capacity building.

Existing policies

The department seeks to implement various programmes that shall contribute to the achievement of the economic and social pillars of the national Vision 2030. This includes the commercial exploitation of Lake Turkana in order to increase fish production.

The Fisheries Act Chapter 378 was revised to give room for operationalisation of counties’ activity in line with the Kenya Constitution 2010. However the following sections listed here need to be quickly legislated for posterity:1. Fish traders license, deleted from the Fisheries

Act2. Fish movements permits3. Culturing of aquarium fish4. Keeping aquarium fish5. Export of aquarium fish, etc.

It is considered a priority to develop a Fisheries Management Plan for sustainable management of inter-county capture fisheries for Lake Turkana.

3.3.4: Market access and competitiveness of sector products and services

One of the challenges facing the fisheries industry in Marsabit County has been that of unreliable market access. This is due to the unique position of the county in regard to the key infrastructural connections

For lack of refrigeration and transport most fish is sold in dried form, which reduces its value.


to the main markets. The fisheries sub-sector plays an important role in the county economy especially in its contribution to food security, poverty reduction and employment creation. The county lands 630 MT of fish annually worth close to KSh159 million at ex-vessel prices. The fisheries sub-sector provides raw material to the animal industry for formulation of animal feeds. About 80% of animal feeds produced in Kenya includes fish meal from fish products, and include omena and Nile perch by-products.

[Included as pilots are suggestions to the county government to pilot hygienic fish solar drying and packaging; and a fish meal processing mini plant].

In addition, increasing human health concerns have been reasons for shifting dietary preferences from red meat to white meat, of which fish has unrivalled health benefits. The Nile perch air bladder (swim bladder) is another potential market outlet for the Nile perch. The sun-dried swim bladder fetches black market retail prices of KSh 1200 per kg at the landing stations.

The department objectives are:• To increase fish production by at least 10% per

year through improved fish harvesting methods • To reduce postharvest losses from approximately

25% to 10% by 2020• To improve, expand and sustain market access

for fish and fishery products• To increase per capita consumption from 3.75 kg

per person per year in 2014 to 10 kg per person per year by 2030

• To promote research and development in the fisheries sector

Some of the major market destinations for dried fish from Marsabit include Nairobi, Kisumu, and Busia, with some exported to Uganda and the Congo.

3.3.5: Gender and social inclusion in planning, decision making and implementation

Fishing has always been the main source of livelihood around the Lake Turkana shores. Men are mainly engaged in fishing; women in fish processing and marketing. Thus, in fisheries resource management (fish harvesting, protection of breeding sites), decisions are mainly done by men.

Application of appropriate technologies in fish harvesting and preservation is still very low. Non-motorised boats, rafts and dug-out canoes are the main vessels used in fishing. Fisherfolk still experience great losses due to inferior fish preservation methods (i.e. sun-drying and salting) and little fish value addition.

The sector still faces high levels of illiteracy. In some cases, the fishermen are recruited into fishing early in their childhood, thus denying them a chance to attend school.

According to FAO (2010):1 “Without food or income, some family members may migrate in search of work, increasing their chances of contracting HIV — and bringing it back home. For others, commercial sex may be their only option to feed and support their family.the burden of dealing with HIV and AIDS puts additional stresses on fishing households, preventing them from accumulating assets with their fishing income or spending it to improve their household food security.” The scenario is the same in Marsabit. This has been mainly contributed by the nature of the sector where the males, as fishermen, are predominantly fish suppliers and the women are the main players in fish buying. Thus, some are tempted to engage in ‘sex for fish’ and in the process contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS. In other cases, illiteracy and lack of investment ideas have led to some engaging in promiscuous sex, since they see fish money as free and perpetually available. Thus they miss the bigger picture of using it as investment capital.

The local fish market has been adversely affected by cultural practices and beliefs. In some cultures, fish eating is a taboo, while others simply have a negative attitude, thus reducing local market potentials.

3.3.6: Climate change mitigation and adaptation

background

Fisheries and aquaculture contribute significantly to food security and livelihoods. Fish provides essential nutrition for 3 billion people and at least 50% of

1 http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/nutrition/household_hivaids_en.stm



animal protein and minerals to 400 million people from the poorest countries. Over 500 million people in developing countries depend, directly or indirectly, on fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods — aquaculture is the world’s fastest growing food production system, growing at 7% annually and fish products are among the most widely traded foods, with more than 37% (by volume) of world production traded internationally.

Corresponding units at county level

At the county level the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) have been instrumental in ensuring that climate change issues are taken note of to minimise their effects. Livelihoods around Lake Turkana are currently threatened. The anticipated gradual drying up of the Lake will likely be intensified by the Gibe III hydroelectric dam in Ethiopia which will reduce the amount of water flowing into the lake from the Omo River.2

The above anticipated situation requires the county government to lobby with the national government so that they can present a petition to the Ethiopian authorities through IGAD in an effort to minimise adverse effects and take mitigation measures where possible.

Contribution to conflict

There has been conflict arising from fishing activities in Lake Turkana. The lake is shared by 2 counties, while some portion is in Ethiopia. The fishermen have no boundaries when it comes to fishing. Depending on the availability of fish they are forced to cross the boundary, potentially causing conflict. This has continued to affect interactions to a greater extent and therefore there is need to ensure that this is addressed, through enactment of relevant policy, to minimise conflicts arising.

Frequency and intensity of droughts, disease epidemics

Apart from salinity, a number of other environmental factors affect fisheries production in Lake Turkana. These include wind, temperature, incoming river floods, lake levels and invasive species.

2 International Rivers, 2011

Droughts have a negative effect on the aquatic life; usually aquatic life is enriched by fresh inflows which supply both nutrients and oxygen. During droughts, water inflows decline with the declining rainfall patterns. With flooding due to climate change, there have been outbreaks of water borne diseases such as cholera, dysentery and diarrhoea. For example in 1998, 22 people in El Molo lost their lives to cholera.3

Disruption of mobility, livelihoods and lifestyles

During drought, pastoralists in Loiyangalani and Illeret change to fishing as a coping mechanism. This has been proved to create conflict on fisheries resource use.

Nevertheless, based on a study done in 2006 by Global International Water Assessment (GIWA) supported by UNEP, Lake Turkana was found not to have had adverse environmental effects:1. Water storage rated as moderately affected2. Pollution was rated moderate with biggest

contributor being suspended solids, microbial and chemical pollution, eutrophication was found to be minimal

3. Habitat and community modification were found to be moderate

4. Unsustainable exploitation was minimal5. Changes in hydrological cycle and modification of

stream flow were found to be moderate

However, all the above parameters are rapidly changing for worse.

3.3.7 Access to credible, updated information and knowledge management system databases in the fisheries sub-sector

Baseline information on fish stocks has not been collected in Lake Turkana in the last 10 years. The data currently used is an estimation based on annual calculations with off-take and population growth rates factored in. The national government has assigned a vessel that has the capacity to conduct a fisheries survey for Lake Turkana but the survey has not yet been done. It is important that as a starting point to developing a solid fish industry for the county a fish

3 Daily Nation, 30 July, 1998


survey be undertaken to establish the exact fish population, species composition, status of breeding areas, the traded volumes and gross margins for fishermen, fish traders and transporters, amongst other issues. After the baseline fish survey is done a system to regularly monitor the status of fish should be put in place.

Fisheries officers are stationed at Loiyangalani and Illeret, which have 4 fishing beaches. However the total numbers of fishing beaches both official and unofficial are many and Fisheries staff have no capacity to monitor what happens at all the beaches, meaning that a lot of fishing activities go on unreported. If the county is to transform its fisheries industry, it is important that a real time data collection system be established. This can be done by setting up a mobile phone-based reporting system (using open source software such as EpiCollect) linked to a central database in Marsabit. The database can be managed by a data officer based in Marsabit.

The fisheries department should also be linked to fisheries-related portals e.g. FAO’s FishStat where they can get the latest trends on fishing issues. This will ensure that the county fisheries officers maintain high competency levels.

3.3.8 Affordable, accessible and effective service delivery

The Department of Fisheries Development is mandated to provide leadership in the management and development of aquaculture and fisheries resources. The department coordinates, develops and manages the fisheries and aquaculture sectors by making it innovative and commercially-oriented so as to increase earnings and improve livelihoods in addition to addressing food security and unemployment. Some of the key strategic objectives include: • strengthening institutional capacity for effective

service delivery, • policy and legal framework for fisheries

development; promoting sustainable utilisation

of fisheries resources and development of aquaculture,

• promotion of fish quality assurance, value addition and marketing,

• strengthening extension services,• improving fisheries infrastructure, and • Mainstreaming gender, HIV and AIDS activities in

departmental programmes and projects.

3.3.9 the implementation strategy matrix of the fisheries sub-sector plan


• Urgently inventorise fisheries resources in Lake Turkana

• Introduce fishing policies and rules to regulate rates of harvesting, zonation and seasons for fishing

• Introduce hygienic and cost-effective methods of storing and processing of fish products

• Introduce value addition to include packaging, branding and selling of fish products in high-end market outlets

• Organise fisherfolk into marketing associations/cooperatives for economies of scale



targ

ets

MtP

1 &

2P

riorit

y/Fl

agsh

ip it

em in

C

iDP

MtP

1 &

2o

utp

ut ta

rget

s fo

r M

tP 1

&

2 (

Con

trib

ute

5% fo

od

secu

rity

by

2017

)

MtP

320

18 -

202

2M

tP 4

2023

-20

27M

tP 5

2028

- 2

032

to im

pro

ve fi

sh

harv

estin

g a

nd c

atch

p

er u

nit e

ffort

(C

PU

e)

240

Mt

per

mon

th:

•Fr

esh

- 80

Mt

•S

un d

ried

– 1

60 M

t

3 b

MU

s ex

istin

g

• D

evel

opm

ent o

f sto

rage

fa

cilit

ies

in th

e m

ain

fishi

ng c

entre

s (Il

lere

t an

d Lo

iyan

gala

ni)

• Fa

cilit

atio

n of

fish

ing

equi

pmen

t to

800

fishe

rfolk

thro

ugh

cred

it/gr

ants

(see

d fu

nds)

• 10

BM

Us

- Defi

ning

B

MU

role

s, c

apac

ity

build

ing

and

polic

y de

velo

pmen

t to

dom

estic

ate

BM

Us

• D

evel

op a

nd im

plem

ent

stra

tegi

es fo

r con

flict

re

duct

ion

and

man

agem

ent

• Fr

esh

150

MT/

mon

th•

160

MT/

mon

th

hygi

enic

ally

drie

d fis

h •

Func

tiona

l BM

U p

olic

y fra

mew

ork

• 10

func

tiona

l BM

Us

• S

trate

gies

to re

duce

and

m

anag

e fis

hery

-rel

ated

co

nflic

ts d

evel

oped

and

op

erat

iona

l

200

MT

fresh

fish

per

m

onth

300

MT

drie

d fis

h so

ld

250

MT

fresh

fish

per

m

onth

400

MT

drie

d fis

h pe

r m

onth

300

MT

fresh

fish

per

m

onth

500

MT

drie

d fis

h pe

r m

onth

to im

pro

ve p

rod

uct

qua

lity

and

mar

ket v

alue

(Loi

yang

alan

i)

Con

stru

ct p

er b

each

:•

10 la

ndin

g si

tes

• 10

pac

king

bay

s•

40 ra

cks

• 1

fish

mar

ketin

g co

oper

ativ

e so

ciet

y ow

ned

by B

MU

s

• 10

land

ing

site

s•

10 p

acki

ng s

ites

• 12

0 ra

cks

150

MT

of fi

sh

hygi

enic

ally

pro

cess

ed

for f

resh

fish

mar

ket

250

MT

drie

d fis

h pa

cked

and

bra

nded

for

supe

rmar

kets

p.m

.

200

MT

fish

hygi

enic

ally

pr

oces

sed

for f

resh

fish

m

arke

t

300

MT

drie

d fis

h pe

r m

onth

pac

ked

and

br

ande

d fo

r mar

kets

250

MT

fish

hygi

enic

ally

pr

oces

sed

for f

resh

fish

m

arke

t

400

MT

drie

d fis

h p

er

mon

th, p

acke

d an

d br

ande

d fo

r mar

kets

Tabl

e 11

Tar

gets

for

the

fishe

ries

sub-

sect

or


targ

ets

MtP

1 &

2P

riorit

y/Fl

agsh

ip it

em in

C

iDP

MtP

1 &

2o

utp

ut ta

rget

s fo

r M

tP 1

&

2 (

Con

trib

ute

5% fo

od

secu

rity

by

2017

)

MtP

320

18 -

202

2M

tP 4

2023

-20

27M

tP 5

2028

- 2

032

FLA

GS

HiP

Pr

oJe

CtS

– M

tP 1

& 2

- F

iSH

er

ieS

to a

dd

val

ue fo

r im

pro

ved

inco

me

to th

e fis

herf

olk

Con

stru

ct 2

col

d st

orag

e fa

cilit

ies

of 5

0 M

T ca

paci

ty

each

• Lo

iyan

gala

ni•

Iller

et•

Con

stru

ct 2

pro

cess

ing

plan

ts a

t:•

Loiy

anga

lani

•

Iller

et

• 2

sto

rage

faci

litie

s in

pl

ace,

ope

ratio

nal

and

stor

ing

100

MT

/mon

th•

2 pr

oces

sing

pla

nts

in

plac

e an

d op

erat

iona

l

150

MT

per m

onth

(a

bove

)20

0 M

T pe

r mon

th

(abo

ve)

250

MT

per m

onth

(a

bove

)

to r

egul

ate

fishi

ng

with

in L

ake

tur

kana

• D

evel

opm

ent o

f int

er-

coun

ty le

gal f

ram

ewor

ks•

Dev

elop

men

t of

inte

rnat

iona

l leg

al

fram

ewor

k on

Lak

e Tu

rkan

a ut

ilisa

tion

• P

rocu

re 2

pat

rol b

oats

• In

ter c

ount

y fis

herie

s po

licy

and

lega

l fra

mew

ork

in p

lace

• 2

patro

l boa

ts

Ade

quat

e po

licie

s in

op

erat

ion

6 pa

trol b

oats

in

oper

atio

n

Ade

quat

e po

licie

s in

op

erat

ion

8 pa

trol b

oats

in

oper

atio

n

Ade

quat

e po

licie

s in

op

erat

ion

10 p

atro

l boa

ts in

op

erat

ion

PIL

OT:

U

se o

f tun

nel d

ryer

or

Gre

enho

use

for

dry

ing

of

fish

in L

oiya

ngal

ani

and

ille

ret

• R

educ

e po

st-h

arve

st

loss

es•

Impr

ove

qual

ity o

f drie

d fis

h

4 so

lar d

ryer

s in

Lo

iyan

gala

ni a

nd

neig

hbou

ring

cent

res

2 so

lar d

ryer

s in

Ille

ret a

nd

neig

hbou

ring

cent

res

Exp

and

on b

asis

of p

ilot

lear

ning

Exp

and

on b

asis

of p

ilot

lear

ning

Exp

and

on b

asis

of p

ilot

lear

ning

PIL

OT:

S

olar

pow

ered

coo

lers

fo

r fr

esh

fish

Impr

ove

keep

ing

qual

ity o

f fre

sh fi

sh2

Sol

ar p

ower

ed c

oole

rs in

Lo

iyan

gala

ni

1 S

olar

pow

ered

coo

ler a

t Ill

eret

Exp

and

on b

asis

of p

ilot

lear

ning

Exp

and

on b

asis

of p

ilot

lear

ning

Exp

and

on b

asis

of p

ilot

lear

ning

PIL

OT:

U

tilis

atio

n of

fish

bon

esU

se o

f fish

bon

es a

s ad

ditiv

es fo

r liv

esto

ck fe

edP

roje

ct in

pla

ce to

ut

ilize

fish

bon

es fr

om

Loiy

anga

lani

and

Ille

ret

Tabl

e 11

Tar

gets

for

the

fishe

ries

sub-

sect

or



SECTION THREEAnalyses per sub-county for the 3 sub-sectors

of agriculture, livestock and fisheries

6 Analysis per sub-county and suggested solutions


the proposed solution/intervention. In addition, the matrices enumerate the recommended innovations/technologies and the appropriate timing for interventions to be carried out as well as important assumptions for the proposed actions to be realised.

For the purposes of developing a practical monitoring and evaluation system, each of the sub-county matrices are expected to guide the setting of the milestones to be measured, as an indicator of progress made. The matrices will allow the staff of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries from each of the sub-counties to not only set, but also monitor their annual performance targets, which is a critical ingredient in performance contracting.

One of the key lessons learned from the sub-county consultative workshops was that each of the 4 sub-counties presents unique challenges and opportunities, including the proposed innovations for piloting/testing, within each of the sub-sectors of agriculture, livestock and fisheries. Based on the 8 thematic cluster areas, earlier identified as being critical in terms of the prospects of growing the 3 sub-sectors, the participants in the 4 sub-county workshops (Laisamis, Moyale, North Horr and Saku), came up with priority interventions, which are captured in the matrices presented in this chapter.

The data presented in the matrices identify the issue/problem, the current context, the location where this issue/problem presents a major challenge, and

oasis at north Horr. the 4 sub-counties covered are Laisamis, north Horr, Saku and Moyale.


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a /

loca

tion

Pos

sib

le s

olut

ion/

inte

rven

tion

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 1

: iM

Pr

ov

eD

Pr

oD

UC

tiv

ity

An

D P

ro

DU

Cti

on

in A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

, Liv

eS

toC

K A

nD

FiS

He

rie

S S

Ub

-Se

Cto

rS

Low

yie

lds

of

pro

duc

tion

in

agric

ultu

re,

lives

tock

and

fis

herie

s

Poor

and

det

erio

ratin

g an

imal

nut

ritio

nS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Trai

n liv

esto

ck p

rodu

cers

on

-fora

ge

and

past

ure

cons

erva

tion,

on-

farm

fe

ed fo

rmul

atio

ns,

build

ing

capa

city

of

gra

zing

com

mitt

ees

on re

sour

ce

use

and

cons

erva

tion,

rese

edin

g of

ra

ngel

and,

est

ablis

hmen

t of s

trate

gic

feed

rese

rves

, con

stru

ct a

nd re

habi

litat

e liv

esto

ck w

ater

sou

rces

Impr

oved

live

stoc

k br

eeds

w

hich

mat

ure

fast

er a

nd

prod

uce

mor

e

2014

- 20

17Th

at s

uffic

ient

fu

nds

will

be

avai

led

to

unde

rtake

th

e pr

opos

ed

activ

ities

Hig

h co

st o

f pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gies

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eS

ubsi

dies

and

gra

nts

from

gov

ernm

ent

Pro

visi

on o

f spe

cial

tailo

red

mad

e cr

edit

faci

litie

s20

14 -

2016

Ther

e w

ill

be fi

nanc

ial

inst

itutio

n su

ppor

ting

this

in

itiat

ive

Wea

k liv

esto

ck a

nd

crop

rese

arch

and

ex

tens

ion

serv

ices

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eS

et re

sear

ch a

gend

a ba

sed

on n

eeds

in

the

sect

or, d

isse

min

ate

rese

arch

ou

tcom

es a

nd e

xten

sion

pac

kage

s to

pr

oduc

ers

thro

ugh

field

day

s, d

emos

, ag

ricul

ture

sho

ws,

wor

ksho

ps a

nd

elec

troni

c m

edia

and

bui

ld a

dat

a ba

se

for e

xten

sion

ser

vice

s pr

ovid

ers

Est

ablis

hmen

t of r

esea

rch

cent

res

2014

- 20

20Th

at s

uffic

ient

fu

nds

will

be

avai

led

to

unde

rtake

th

e pr

opos

ed

activ

ities

Inad

equa

te w

ater

fo

r agr

icul

tura

l and

liv

esto

ck p

rodu

ctio

n

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eP

rom

ote

wat

er h

arve

stin

g m

anag

emen

t an

d ef

ficie

nt u

tilis

atio

n of

wat

er.

Est

ablis

hmen

t of w

ater

pan

s, ro

ck

catc

hmen

t and

che

ck d

ams

Est

ablis

hmen

t of M

ega

dam

s20

14 -

2017

That

suf

ficie

nt

fund

s w

ill b

e av

aile

d to

un

derta

ke

the

prop

osed

ac

tiviti

es

Poor

soi

l fer

tility

and

sa

linity

Kar

gi,

Logo

logo

and

La

isam

is

Pro

mot

ion

of s

oil i

mpr

ovem

ent

tech

nolo

gies

( or

gani

c fa

rmin

g,

inte

rcro

ppin

g, u

se o

f man

ures

and

fe

rtilis

ers,

use

of l

ime)

Pro

mot

ion

varie

tal s

elec

tion

tole

rant

cro

ps

Pro

visi

on o

f mob

ile s

oil t

estin

g ki

ts20

14 -

2017

That

suf

ficie

nt

fund

s w

ill b

e av

aile

d to

un

derta

ke

the

prop

osed

ac

tiviti

es

LAiSAMiS SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a /

loca

tion

Pos

sib

le s

olut

ion/

inte

rven

tion

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 1

: iM

Pr

ov

eD

Pr

oD

UC

tiv

ity

An

D P

ro

DU

Cti

on

in A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

, Liv

eS

toC

K A

nD

FiS

He

rie

S S

Ub

-Se

Cto

rS

inad

equa

te

exte

nsio

n se

rvic

es

Low

leve

l of s

taffi

ng

Inad

equa

te

equi

pmen

t/too

ls

Inad

equa

te lo

gist

ics/

faci

litat

ion

supp

ort

Inad

equa

te c

ondu

cive

en

viro

nmen

t (of

fice

spac

e)

Inad

equa

te s

kills

im

prov

emen

t pr

ogra

mm

e Lo

w im

plem

enta

tion

pace

of e

-gov

ernm

ent

Inef

fect

ive

mon

itorin

g an

d su

perv

isio

n

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eR

ecru

itmen

t of e

xten

sion

ser

vice

s st

aff

Pro

visi

on o

f ade

quat

e eq

uipm

ent/t

ools

P

rovi

sion

of a

dequ

ate

logi

stic

al a

nd

faci

litat

ion

supp

ort

Est

ablis

hmen

t and

con

stru

ctio

n of

m

oder

n an

d eq

uipp

ed o

ffice

s R

egul

ar tr

aini

ng fo

r sta

ff Ti

mel

y R

ollin

g ou

t of E

-gov

ernm

ent

prog

ram

mes

S

cale

up

mon

itorin

g an

d su

ppor

t vis

it at

th

e fie

ld

Inst

itute

pro

per r

ewar

ding

mec

hani

sm

base

d on

mer

it fo

r sta

ff

Pro

visi

on o

f ext

ensi

on k

its to

th

e fie

ld o

ffice

rs.

Pre

pare

and

orie

nt s

taff

for

mul

titas

king

E

xpos

ure

tour

s an

d ex

chan

ge

prog

ram

me

2014

- 20

17Th

at s

uffic

ient

fu

nds

will

be

avai

led

to

unde

rtake

th

e pr

opos

ed

activ

ities

. Th

ere

will

be

suf

ficie

nt

peop

le w

ith

the

requ

ired

tech

nica

l ski

lls

and

know

ledg

e

Poo

r q

ualit

y of

ag

ricul

tura

l, liv

esto

ck

and

fish

erie

s p

rod

ucts

Hig

h pr

eval

ence

of

ani

mal

and

cro

p di

seas

es, p

ests

and

ve

ctor

s

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eC

ondu

ct re

gula

r dis

ease

sur

veill

ance

, va

ccin

atio

ns, p

ests

and

vec

tor c

ontro

l, ke

epin

g of

dis

ease

resi

stan

t spe

cies

of

live

stoc

k an

d cr

op, o

pera

te m

oder

n la

bora

tory

Est

ablis

hmen

t of d

isea

se fr

ee

zone

s an

d qu

aran

tine

cent

res

2014

- 20

20Th

at s

uffic

ient

fu

nds

will

be

avai

led

to

unde

rtake

th

e pr

opos

ed

activ

ities

.

Lo

w q

ualit

y ge

netic

s an

d po

or q

ualit

y se

eds

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lishm

ent o

f bre

edin

g ce

ntre

sA

rtific

ial I

nsem

inat

ion

and

embr

yo tr

ansf

er20

14 -

2020

That

suf

ficie

nt

fund

s w

ill b

e av

aile

d to

un

derta

ke

the

prop

osed

ac

tiviti

es

Lo

w a

dopt

ion

of

new

tech

nolo

gies

fo

r agr

icul

tura

l and

liv

esto

ck p

rodu

ctio

ns

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eP

rom

otio

n of

app

ropr

iate

agr

onom

ic

prac

tice,

goo

d ag

ricul

tura

l and

live

stoc

k pr

actic

es. A

war

enes

s cr

eatio

n on

new

te

chno

logi

es, p

rom

otio

n of

low

labo

ur

inte

nsiv

e te

chno

logi

es (m

echa

nise

d pu

mps

, sub

Est

ablis

hmen

t of m

ulti

stor

ey

gard

enin

g, o

rgan

ic fa

rmin

g pr

actic

es

2014

- 20

16Th

at s

uffic

ient

fu

nds

will

be

avai

led

to

unde

rtake

th

e pr

opos

ed

activ

ities


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a /

loca

tion

Pos

sib

le s

olut

ion/

inte

rven

tion

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 1

: iM

Pr

ov

eD

Pr

oD

UC

tiv

ity

An

D P

ro

DU

Cti

on

in A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

, Liv

eS

toC

K A

nD

FiS

He

rie

S S

Ub

-Se

Cto

rS

Poo

r q

ualit

y of

ag

ricul

tura

l, liv

esto

ck

and

fish

erie

s p

rod

ucts

Inac

cess

ibili

ty to

farm

qu

ality

in p

uts

and

cred

it fa

cilit

ies

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lishm

ent a

gro

vets

sto

ckie

st to

en

hanc

e ac

cess

. Pro

visi

on o

f com

plet

e ex

tens

ion

pack

age

to fa

rmer

s. C

ondu

ct

on fa

rm d

emon

stra

tions

/ tri

als

on u

tilis

atio

n of

farm

inpu

ts,

supp

ort l

ocal

agr

o ve

ts to

acq

uire

ac

cred

itatio

n st

atus

. P

rovi

sion

of a

fford

able

cre

dit f

acili

ties.

Tr

ain

of fa

rmer

s on

ent

repr

eneu

r and

co

-ope

rativ

e m

ovem

ents

Put

pro

per l

egis

latio

n on

lic

ensi

ng a

nd c

ertifi

catio

n of

ag

ro v

et d

eale

rs.

Est

ablis

hmen

t of r

evol

ving

fu

nds

for f

arm

ers.

2014

- 20

19Th

at s

uffic

ient

fu

nds

will

be

avai

led

to

unde

rtake

th

e pr

opos

ed

activ

ities

Po

st-h

arve

st c

rop

loss

esS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Pro

mot

e go

od a

gric

ultu

ral p

ract

ices

P

rope

r pos

t-har

vest

han

ding

C

apac

ity b

uild

ing

on p

ost h

arve

stin

g

Dev

elop

men

t of i

nfra

stru

ctur

es i.

e.

road

s, e

lect

ricity

, sto

rage

stru

ctur

es,

wat

er.

Est

ablis

hmen

t com

mun

ity

stor

age

stru

ctur

es fo

r yie

ld

bulk

ing,

war

ehou

sing

and

re

ceip

ting.

U

se o

f qua

lity

pres

erva

tion,

ha

ndlin

g eq

uipm

ent (

moi

stur

e m

eter

s, a

flato

xin

test

ing

kits

) P

rovi

sion

of p

acka

ging

and

ha

ndlin

g m

ater

ials

2014

- 20

17Fa

rmer

s w

ill p

ut

into

pra

ctic

e kn

owle

dge

gain

ed to

co

ntro

l pos

t-ha

rves

t cro

p lo

sses

C

omm

unal

land

tenu

re

syst

ems

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eLe

gisl

atio

n on

land

ow

ners

hip

Uph

oldi

ng o

f com

mun

ity b

y la

ws.

In

stitu

te le

gisl

atio

n on

land

util

isat

ion

for

graz

ing,

agr

icul

ture

and

con

serv

anci

es

Ena

ctm

ent o

f lan

d le

gisl

atio

ns.

Pro

mot

e ho

listic

land

use

m

anag

emen

t (re

seed

ing,

cl

osin

g, re

clam

atio

n an

d m

icro

w

ater

har

vest

ing)

2014

- 20

19Th

ere

will

be

favo

urab

le

polic

ies

and

legi

slat

ion

L

ow fa

rm

mec

hani

satio

n S

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Pro

mot

ion

of m

echa

nisa

tion

of to

ols,

im

plem

ents

and

equ

ipm

ent.

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g on

the

use

of fa

rm

mec

hani

satio

n st

aff a

nd fa

rmer

s

Est

ablis

hmen

t of a

gric

ultu

ral

mec

hani

satio

n se

rvic

es a

t the

co

unty

leve

l. E

xpos

ure

tour

s an

d ex

chan

ge

prog

ram

me

2014

- 20

16Th

at fa

rmer

s w

ill a

dopt

new

te

chno

logi

es

to im

prov

e pr

oduc

tion

LAiSAMiS SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a /

loca

tion

Pos

sib

le s

olut

ion/

inte

rven

tion

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 1

: iM

Pr

ov

eD

Pr

oD

UC

tiv

ity

An

D P

ro

DU

Cti

on

in A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

, Liv

eS

toC

K A

nD

FiS

He

rie

S S

Ub

-Se

Cto

rS

Po

or p

rodu

ctio

n of

fish

an

d ha

ndlin

gLo

yang

alan

i P

uttin

g hy

gien

ic fi

sh fa

cilit

ies

at

stra

tegi

c be

ach

e.g.

toile

t, fis

h pr

oces

sing

, sha

des

Con

stru

ctio

n/pr

ovis

ion

of

hygi

enic

fish

han

dlin

g fa

cilit

ies

at th

e be

ache

s

2014

- 20

17Th

at fi

sher

fo

lks

will

put

in

to p

ract

ice

know

ledg

e ga

ined

Lo

w fi

sh p

rodu

ctio

n du

e to

ove

rfish

ing

in b

reed

ing

area

s an

d be

ache

s,

over

crow

ding

of

fishe

rmen

in o

ne s

ite

Loya

ngal

ani

Pro

vide

pro

per fi

shin

g ge

ars

Tapp

ing

exis

ting

indi

geno

us k

now

ledg

e C

apita

l to

acqu

ire m

ore

mod

ern

fishi

ng

equi

pmen

t i.e

. ves

sels

Fi

sh-e

atin

g ca

mpa

igns

and

inve

stm

ent

in th

e se

ctor

s as

a s

ourc

e of

inco

me

Pro

per a

nd re

com

men

ded

fishi

ng g

ears

Ta

ppin

g ex

istin

g tra

ditio

nal

know

ledg

e P

rovi

sion

of g

rant

s/se

ed c

apita

l P

rovi

sion

of s

tora

ge fa

cilit

ies

Fish

eat

ing

in th

e co

unty

(non

-ea

ting

com

mun

ities

) Ta

ilor m

ade

train

ing

on fi

sher

ies

reso

urce

util

isat

ion

and

expo

sure

tour

S

tock

ing

of w

ater

pan

s by

fis

herie

s de

partm

ent

2014

- 20

17Th

at s

uffic

ient

fu

nds

will

be

avai

led

to

unde

rtake

th

e pr

opos

ed

activ

ities

. Th

ere

will

mor

e co

mm

uniti

es

will

sta

rt ea

ting

fish

and

embr

ace

fish

farm

ing


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

n /in

terv

entio

nr

ecom

men

ded

inno

vatio

n /

tech

nolo

gie

sti

me

dim

ensi

on

Ass

ump

tions

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 2

: en

HA

nC

eD

MA

rK

et

AC

Ce

SS

An

D C

oM

Pe

titi

ve

ne

SS

oF

AG

riC

ULt

Ur

e S

eC

tor

Pr

oD

UC

tS A

nD

Se

rv

iCe

S

Wea

k/p

oor

mar

ket l

inka

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- 20

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2014

- 20

20Th

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2014

- 20

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- 20

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roup

/co

mm

erci

al ra

nche

s,

esta

blis

hmen

t of c

rop

and

lives

tock

impr

ovem

ent c

entre

, pr

omot

ion

of o

rgan

ic fa

rmin

g m

odel

, wat

er h

arve

stin

g fo

r irr

igat

ion

and

cons

erva

tion

stru

ctur

es, e

nviro

nmen

tal

prot

ectio

n

2014

- 20

17S

uffic

ient

fu

nds

to

supp

ort

prop

osed

in

terv

entio

ns

Pove

rty, l

ow

hous

ehol

d in

com

e

Cre

atio

n of

alte

rnat

ive

livel

ihoo

ds,

prom

otio

n of

agr

icul

ture

en

trepr

eneu

rshi

p

Est

ablis

hmen

t of h

unge

r sa

fety

net

, Pro

mot

e of

al

tern

ativ

e liv

elih

ood

stra

tegi

es,

gree

nhou

se te

chno

logi

es,

poul

try k

eepi

ng, k

itche

n ga

rden

ing,

mic

ro e

nter

pris

es

2014

- 20

16Th

ere

will

be

a w

illin

g to

ado

pt th

e e-

exte

nsio

n st

rate

gies

.

LAiSAMiS SUb-CoUnty


issu

e / p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Con

text

/ d

imen

sion

(w

here

are

we

now

?)A

rea

/ lo

catio

n

Pos

sib

le s

olut

ions

/ in

terv

entio

ns

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion

/ te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

n

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 4

: e

nH

An

Ce

D S

US

tAin

Ab

Le A

CC

eS

S t

o A

De

qU

Ate

, nU

trit

ioU

S A

nD

qU

ALi

ty F

oo

D F

or

ALL

At

ALL

tiM

eS

Low

ado

ptio

n of

ne

w te

chno

logi

es

for a

gric

ultu

ral a

nd

lives

tock

pro

duct

ions

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eP

rom

otio

n of

app

ropr

iate

agr

onom

ic

prac

tice,

goo

d ag

ricul

tura

l and

live

stoc

k pr

actic

es. A

war

enes

s cr

eatio

n on

new

te

chno

logi

es, p

rom

otio

n of

low

labo

ur

inte

nsiv

e te

chno

logi

es (m

echa

nise

d pu

mps

.

Est

ablis

hmen

t of m

ulti

stor

ey

gard

enin

g, o

rgan

ic fa

rmin

g pr

actic

es

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

a w

illin

gnes

s to

ado

pt th

e

stra

tegi

es

and

ther

e w

ill

be fu

nds

to

prom

ote

the

inte

rven

tion

Poor

/inad

equa

te

infra

stru

ctur

e e.

g.

road

net

wor

k, c

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t fa

cilit

ies,

mar

ket

stru

ctur

e, s

tora

ge

faci

litie

s le

ad to

in

acce

ssib

ility

of

qual

ity fo

od

Im

prov

emen

t of f

eede

r roa

ds,

esta

blis

hmen

t of m

arke

t stru

ctur

e,

form

atio

n of

coo

pera

tives

, le

gisl

ate

favo

urab

le p

olic

ies

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pr

omot

e cr

edit

acce

ssib

ility

E

stab

lish

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lvin

g fu

nd a

nd k

itty

Trai

n fa

rmer

s on

ent

repr

eneu

rshi

p m

arke

t inf

orm

atio

n (u

se o

f mod

ern

tech

nolo

gies

)

Est

ablis

h m

oder

n ag

ricul

tura

l pr

oduc

e m

arke

ting

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

a w

illin

g to

ado

pt

the

stra

tegi

es

and

ther

e w

ill

be fu

nds

to

prom

ote

the

inte

rven

tion


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

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catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

n/ in

terv

entio

n r

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men

ded

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vatio

n/

tech

nolo

gie

sti

me

dim

ensi

on

Ass

ump

tions

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 5

: Fo

Ste

r G

en

De

r A

nD

So

CiA

L in

CLU

Sio

n in

PLA

nn

inG

, De

CiS

ion

MA

Kin

G A

nD

iMP

LeM

en

tAti

on

incr

ease

d

gen

der

bia

s in

dec

isio

n m

akin

g a

nd

imp

lem

enta

tion

pro

cess

es a

t the

co

mm

unity

leve

l

Dec

isio

n m

akin

g is

sk

ewed

in fa

vour

of

men

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eC

arry

out

trai

ning

to m

ake

the

com

mun

ities

real

ise

that

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

are

supp

osed

to b

e sh

ared

, and

that

th

ere

is a

lot o

f pot

entia

l in

wom

en

and

yout

h D

elib

erat

e in

clus

ion

of b

oth

gend

ers

in c

omm

ittee

s an

d gr

oups

es

tabl

ishe

d at

com

mun

ity le

vel

Cre

ate

equa

l opp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r bot

h ge

nder

s in

dev

elop

men

t pro

cess

es

Edu

cate

peo

ple

thro

ugh

the

loca

l rad

io s

tatio

ns, p

ublic

ba

raza

s, s

uppo

rt ro

le m

odel

sIn

trodu

ce te

chno

logi

es th

at a

re

gend

er fr

iend

ly

2014

- 20

17Th

at th

ere

will

be

pol

itica

l will

to

sup

port

this

in

itiat

ive

and

suffi

cien

t fu

nds

for t

he

prop

osed

in

terv

entio

ns

Th

ere

is n

o pr

oper

de

fined

role

for b

oth

gend

ers

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eP

rom

ote

affir

mat

ive

actio

ns to

sup

port

all-i

nclu

sive

ness

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sitis

atio

n an

d aw

aren

ess

crea

tion

on g

ende

r rol

esP

rom

ote

inte

grat

ed p

roje

cts

that

cre

ate

equa

l opp

ortu

nity

for b

oth

gend

ers

Pro

mot

e ge

nder

frie

ndly

po

licie

s at

all

leve

lsP

ublic

edu

catio

n on

gen

der

role

s in

med

ia, r

adio

pr

ogra

mm

es, l

ocal

gat

herin

gs

2014

- 20

17Th

at th

ere

will

be

pol

itica

l will

to

sup

port

this

in

itiat

ive

and

suffi

cien

t fu

nds

for t

he

prop

osed

in

terv

entio

ns

ret

rog

ress

ive

cultu

ral p

ract

ices

hi

nder

gen

der

in

clus

ion

Wid

ow/w

idow

er/

orph

ans/

aged

not

in

volv

ed in

dec

isio

n m

akin

g, in

form

atio

n di

ssem

inat

ion

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eD

evel

op p

rogr

amm

es ta

rget

ing

thes

e sp

ecia

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eres

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ups,

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e up

with

po

licie

s th

at s

uppo

rt in

clus

iven

ess

Pro

mot

e ge

nder

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po

licie

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leve

lsP

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edu

catio

n on

gen

der

role

s in

med

ia, r

adio

pr

ogra

mm

es, l

ocal

gat

herin

gs

2014

- 20

17Th

at th

ere

will

be

pol

itica

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to

sup

port

this

in

itiat

ive

and

suffi

cien

t fu

nds

for t

he

prop

osed

in

terv

entio

ns

S

ocia

l vic

es li

ke w

ife

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ritan

ce, m

oran

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, ch

ild la

bour

E

arly

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riage

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M

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

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orce

men

t of e

xist

ing

law

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d po

licie

s. A

war

enes

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eatio

n an

d pu

blic

edu

catio

n, in

stitu

te a

ltern

ativ

e liv

elih

oods

pro

gram

mes

.

Hun

ger S

afet

y N

et

Pro

gram

mes

targ

etin

g sp

ecia

l gr

oups

.

2014

- 20

17Th

at th

ere

will

be

pol

itica

l will

to

sup

port

this

in

itiat

ive

and

suffi

cien

t fu

nds

for t

he

prop

osed

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terv

entio

ns

LAiSAMiS SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

n/ in

terv

entio

n r

ecom

men

ded

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vatio

n/

tech

nolo

gie

sti

me

dim

ensi

on

Ass

ump

tions

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 5

: Fo

Ste

r G

en

De

r A

nD

So

CiA

L in

CLU

Sio

n in

PLA

nn

inG

, De

CiS

ion

MA

Kin

G A

nD

iMP

LeM

en

tAti

on

ret

rog

ress

ive

cultu

ral p

ract

ices

hi

nder

gen

der

in

clus

ion

Mar

gina

lised

/min

ority

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egre

gate

d so

cial

lyS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Rei

nfor

cem

ent o

f exi

stin

g la

ws

and

polic

ies.

Aw

aren

ess

crea

tion

and

publ

ic

educ

atio

n, p

rom

ote

affir

mat

ive

actio

ns

Dev

elop

pro

gram

mes

targ

etin

g m

argi

nalis

ed g

roup

s20

14 -

2017

That

ther

e w

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oliti

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ill

to s

uppo

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initi

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ffici

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opos

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rven

tions

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ated

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tem

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Sub

-cou

nty

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orce

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xist

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law

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d po

licie

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war

enes

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eatio

n an

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blic

ed

ucat

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pro

mot

e af

firm

ativ

e ac

tions

Dev

elop

pro

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etin

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ysic

ally

cha

lleng

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roup

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14 -

2017

That

ther

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oliti

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ill

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initi

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ffici

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fund

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pr

opos

ed

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rven

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regn

anci

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(enc

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ge a

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on

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omm

uniti

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Sub

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nty

wid

eR

einf

orce

men

t of l

aws,

pub

lic

educ

atio

n an

d co

unse

lling

ses

sion

s Li

nkin

g of

the

vict

ims

to th

e ex

istin

g co

unse

lling

inst

itutio

ns20

14 -

2017

That

ther

e w

ill

be p

oliti

cal w

ill

to s

uppo

rt th

is

initi

ativ

ean

d su

ffici

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fund

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r the

pr

opos

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inte

rven

tions


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

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rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

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w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

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ossi

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n r

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ded

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vatio

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gie

sti

me

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ensi

on

Ass

ump

tions

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AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 5

: Fo

Ste

r G

en

De

r A

nD

So

CiA

L in

CLU

Sio

n in

PLA

nn

inG

, De

CiS

ion

MA

Kin

G A

nD

iMP

LeM

en

tAti

on

ret

rog

ress

ive

cultu

ral p

ract

ices

hi

nder

gen

der

in

clus

ion

Peop

le o

f tra

ditio

nal

back

grou

nd li

ke

past

oral

ism

resi

st

chan

ge, t

here

fore

the

chan

ge o

f liv

elih

ood

happ

ens

grad

ually

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eC

apac

ity b

uild

thro

ugh

awar

enes

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n an

d e

xpos

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tour

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farm

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past

oral

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eld

scho

ol20

14 -

2017

That

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e w

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oliti

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ill

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rt th

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fund

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pr

opos

ed

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rven

tions

Pe

rson

nel m

anni

ng

the

sect

or a

re b

iase

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war

ds m

en

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

nfor

cem

ent o

f pol

icie

s an

d af

firm

ativ

e ac

tion

to b

ridge

gen

der b

iasn

ess.

Sup

port

wom

en to

go

for

cour

ses

so th

at th

ey a

re

abso

rbed

in th

e se

ctor

2014

- 20

17Th

at th

ere

will

be

pol

itica

l will

to

sup

port

this

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itiat

ive

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cien

t fu

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osed

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entio

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Yo

uth

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ting

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nty

wid

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cem

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mot

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of

coun

selli

ng s

essi

ons

Link

ing

of th

e vi

ctim

s to

the

exis

ting

faci

litie

s 20

14 -

2017

That

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e w

ill

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oliti

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ill

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rt th

is

initi

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rven

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LAiSAMiS SUb-CoUnty


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e/ p

rob

lem

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rent

sta

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Are

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Pos

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le s

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ion/

inte

rven

tion

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omm

end

ed in

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tion

/ te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 6

: iM

Pr

ov

e A

CC

eS

S t

o A

De

qU

Ate

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ALi

ty A

FFo

rD

Ab

Le, A

CC

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Le A

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e S

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e D

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ve

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Fo

r A

LL.

inad

equa

te

pro

visi

on o

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ualit

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rvic

es

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gric

ultu

ral

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t the

g

rass

roo

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el

Lim

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prov

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sent

ial s

ervi

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at

the

gras

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ts le

vel

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

mpl

oy m

ore

tech

nica

l sta

ff at

vill

age

leve

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uild

the

capa

city

of t

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com

mun

ity m

embe

rs o

n se

rvic

e pr

ovis

ion

Med

ia, u

se ra

dio

- loc

al

prog

ram

mes

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to e

mpl

oy m

ore

pers

onne

l

Lo

w q

ualit

y se

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es

beca

use

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w

tech

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l peo

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Sub

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nty

wid

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stab

lish

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mitt

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e gr

assr

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for q

ualit

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sura

nce

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

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cien

t fun

ds

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ropo

sed

inte

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Li

mite

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ide

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rtner

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fra

nchi

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e.g

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AI

Est

ablis

hmen

t of i

nfor

mat

ion

desk

s at

the

villa

ge le

vels

2014

- 20

17Th

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will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

for p

ropo

sed

inte

rven

tions

S

ome

of th

ese

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m in

puts

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Sub

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nty

wid

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ip a

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ng e

.g. S

IDA

IP

repo

sitio

ning

of l

abor

ator

y an

d in

puts

at s

trate

gic

plac

es20

14 -

2017

Ther

e w

ill b

e su

ffici

ent f

unds

fo

r pro

pose

d in

terv

entio

ns

S

ome

past

oral

ists

ar

e no

t aw

are

that

se

rvic

es a

re d

eman

d dr

iven

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eP

ublic

bar

azas

to tr

ain

past

oral

ists

to

know

thei

r rig

hts

Farm

ers

field

sch

ools

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

for p

ropo

sed

inte

rven

tions

Q

uack

s an

d pe

ddle

rs

cont

ribut

e to

poo

r qu

ality

pro

duct

s

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eLa

w e

nfor

cem

ent f

or re

gula

tion

Legi

slat

e po

licy

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

for p

ropo

sed

inte

rven

tions


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a /

loca

tion

P

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns /

inte

rven

tions

r

ecom

men

ded

inno

vatio

n /

tech

nolo

gie

sti

me

dim

ensi

on

Ass

ump

tions

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 7

: en

HA

nC

e C

LiM

Ate

CH

An

Ge

Mit

iGA

tio

n A

nD

AD

oP

tio

n in

Liv

eS

toC

K A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

An

D F

iSH

er

ieS

inad

equa

te

miti

gat

ion

mea

sure

s to

ad

dre

ss

clim

ate

chan

ge

phe

nom

ena

Mor

e dr

ough

t cyc

les

are

bein

g ex

perie

nced

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eM

akin

g us

e of

wea

ther

fore

cast

and

pr

edic

tions

. Com

mun

ity c

apac

ity

on d

isas

ter m

anag

emen

t. U

se o

f in

dige

nous

tech

nica

l kno

wle

dge

Est

ablis

h di

sast

er m

anag

emen

t ki

tty P

rom

ote

disa

ster

risk

in

itiat

ive

Dev

elop

com

mun

ity

disa

ster

pre

pare

dnes

s pl

an

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

Env

ironm

enta

l de

grad

atio

nS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Pro

mot

e na

tura

l res

ourc

e m

anag

emen

t S

treng

then

trad

ition

al n

atur

al re

sour

ce

man

agem

ent s

yste

mC

apac

ity b

uild

ing

of e

nviro

nmen

tal

man

agem

ent c

omm

ittee

P

rom

ote

refo

rest

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

esP

rom

ote

soil

and

wat

er c

onse

rvat

ion

initi

ativ

es

Pro

mot

ion

of c

limat

e ch

ange

sm

art t

echn

olog

ies

2014

- 20

17Ta

rget

ed

grou

ps w

ill

mak

e us

e of

the

new

te

chno

logi

es

Live

lihoo

ds a

ffect

ed

nega

tivel

yS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Pro

mot

e cl

imat

e ch

ange

sm

art

tech

nolo

gies

(gre

enho

use

farm

ing,

sc

reen

hou

se fa

rmin

g, d

rip ir

rigat

ion,

D

TC p

rom

otio

n, c

onse

rvat

ion

tilla

ge,

good

agr

icul

tura

l pra

ctic

es)

Pro

mot

e liv

esto

ck o

ff-ta

ke p

rogr

amm

es

Pro

mot

e de

stoc

king

initi

ativ

esC

omm

unity

sen

sitis

atio

n to

co

mpl

emen

ts o

n pa

stor

alis

m a

nd

fishi

ng fo

r ada

ptat

ion

purp

ose

Pro

mot

e IB

LI (i

ndex

bas

ed

lives

tock

insu

ranc

e)

Est

ablis

h di

sast

er m

anag

emen

t ki

ttypr

omot

ion

of c

limat

e ch

ange

sm

art t

echn

olog

ies

Pro

mot

e ca

rbon

sin

k tra

de

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

Inad

equa

te p

olic

ies

and

legi

slat

ion

to

addr

ess

clim

ate

chan

ge

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

nfor

ce p

olic

ies

and

stra

tegi

es o

n cl

imat

e ch

ange

, pub

lic e

duca

tion

on

polic

ies

Dev

elop

app

ropr

iate

pol

icie

s

and

dom

estic

ate

rele

vant

ex

istin

g po

licie

s to

add

ress

ing

clim

ate

chan

ge

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

po

litic

al w

ill

and

supp

ort

Incr

ease

d in

cide

nces

of

dis

ease

and

pes

tsS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Pro

mot

e m

ass

scre

enin

g, d

isea

se

surv

eilla

nce

and

vacc

inat

ion

prog

ram

me

Use

of G

AP

(goo

d ag

ricul

ture

pr

actic

es).

Est

ablis

h st

rate

gic

dise

ase

scre

enin

g ce

ntre

s an

d m

obile

clin

ics

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

LAiSAMiS SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a /

loca

tion

P

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns /

inte

rven

tions

r

ecom

men

ded

inno

vatio

n /

tech

nolo

gie

sti

me

dim

ensi

on

Ass

ump

tions

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 7

: en

HA

nC

e C

LiM

Ate

CH

An

Ge

Mit

iGA

tio

n A

nD

AD

oP

tio

n in

Liv

eS

toC

K A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

An

D F

iSH

er

ieS

Hum

an w

ildlif

e co

nflic

tsS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Form

ulat

ion

of a

ppro

pria

te p

olic

ies

and

prom

ote

hum

an c

onfli

ct m

anag

emen

t in

itiat

ives

Stre

ngth

en lo

cal m

anag

emen

t sy

stem

s20

14 -

2017

Ther

e w

ill b

e su

ffici

ent f

unds

to

sup

port

prop

osed

in

terv

entio

ns

Des

truct

ion

of

infra

stru

ctur

esS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Pro

mot

e flo

ods

cont

rol m

easu

res

and

initi

ativ

esE

stab

lish

disa

ster

man

agem

ent

kitty

and

dis

aste

r pre

pare

dnes

s pl

an

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

Inef

fect

ive

use

of

early

war

ning

sys

tem

s in

form

atio

n

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eU

se o

f ear

ly w

arni

ng s

yste

mC

omm

unity

sen

sitis

atio

n on

clim

ate

chan

ge

Tim

ely

diss

emin

atio

n of

ear

ly w

arni

ng

info

rmat

ion

Sen

sitis

atio

n of

com

mun

ity

on u

se o

f ear

ly w

arni

ng

info

rmat

ion

and

adap

tatio

n le

arni

ng E

stab

lish

clim

ate

chan

ge le

arni

ng c

entre

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

n

Pos

sib

le s

olut

ions

/ in

terv

entio

ns

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion

/ te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 8

: e

nH

An

Ce

AC

Ce

SS

to

Cr

eD

ibLe

, UP

DA

teD

inFo

rM

Ati

on

on

AG

riC

ULt

Ur

e, L

ive

Sto

CK

An

D F

iSH

er

ieS

Se

Cto

r

inad

equa

te

info

rmat

ion

on a

gric

ultu

re

lives

tock

and

fis

herie

s se

ctor

Inad

equa

te c

hann

els

of c

omm

unic

atio

n an

d in

form

atio

n sh

arin

g

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lish

com

plai

nt re

spon

se

mec

hani

sm a

t gra

ssro

ots

leve

l (co

mm

unity

hel

p de

sk)

E

stab

lishe

d w

eb-b

ased

info

rmat

ion

shar

ing

mod

el

Legi

slat

ion

polic

y on

co

mm

unic

atio

n pa

thw

ays

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

Inad

equa

te c

apac

ity

of s

taff

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eP

rovi

sion

of s

atel

lite

phon

es to

rela

y ex

tens

ion

mes

sage

sE

stab

lish

data

ban

k fo

r the

sec

tors

Pro

visi

on o

f sat

ellit

e ph

ones

to re

ly

exte

nsio

n m

essa

ges

Est

ablis

h se

ctor

lear

ning

cen

tres

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

Inad

equa

te fe

edba

ck

mec

hani

sm

Inad

equa

te s

uppo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

in

rela

ying

info

rmat

ion

e.g.

inte

rnet

, co

mpu

ters

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lish

com

plai

nt re

spon

se

mec

hani

sm a

t gra

ssro

ots

leve

l (c

omm

unity

hel

p de

sk)

Est

ablis

h se

ctor

-bas

ed s

erve

r at

the

coun

ty le

vel

2014

- 20

18Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

Inad

equa

te ro

ll ou

t of

ser

vice

cha

rter

info

rmat

ion

to th

e pu

blic

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lish

com

plai

n re

spon

se

mec

hani

sm a

t gra

ss ro

ot le

vel

(com

mun

ity h

elp

desk

)

Tran

slat

ion

of s

ervi

ce c

harte

r in

diffe

rent

lang

uage

sA

dopt

use

of v

erna

cula

r rad

io

stat

ion

2014

- 20

16Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

Exi

stin

g in

form

atio

n is

no

t upd

ated

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lish

sect

or le

arni

ng c

entre

sE

stab

lish

data

ban

k fo

r the

sec

tors

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

LAiSAMiS SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

n

Pos

sib

le s

olut

ions

/ in

terv

entio

ns

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion

/ te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

LAiS

AM

iS o

UtC

oM

e 8

: e

nH

An

Ce

AC

Ce

SS

to

Cr

eD

ibLe

, UP

DA

teD

inFo

rM

Ati

on

on

AG

riC

ULt

Ur

e, L

ive

Sto

CK

An

D F

iSH

er

ieS

Se

Cto

r

Inad

equa

te a

cces

s to

in

form

atio

n on

cro

p pr

oduc

tion

and

agri-

ente

rpris

es

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lish

and

oper

atio

nalis

e in

form

atio

n de

sk, e

xcha

nge

visi

ts

and

aw

aren

ess

crea

tion

Use

of m

edia

(rad

io, p

rint,

phon

es)

to d

isse

min

ate

info

rmat

ion

esta

blis

hing

reso

urce

cen

tres

Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

an

d ad

optio

n of

the

prop

osed

ac

tiviti

es

Lack

of l

ives

tock

an

d cr

op c

ensu

s in

form

atio

n

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eD

evel

op li

vest

ock

and

crop

cen

sus

for p

rope

r man

agem

ent

Est

ablis

h th

e da

ta c

olle

ctio

n ba

nk

for t

he c

rop

and

lives

tock

2014

- 20

17Th

ere

will

be

suffi

cien

t fun

ds

to s

uppo

rt pr

opos

ed

inte

rven

tions

Lack

of l

ives

tock

and

cr

op i

nfor

mat

ion

syst

em

D

evel

opm

ent o

f tai

lor m

ade

coun

ty

base

d in

form

atio

n sy

stem

, exp

and

the

netw

ork

cove

rage

to a

ll ar

eas

Est

ablis

hmen

t of E

-ext

ensi

on20

14 -

2016

Ther

e w

ill b

e a

will

ing

to a

dopt

th

e e-

exte

nsio

n st

rate

gies


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns/ i

nter

vent

ions

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

Mo

yALe

oU

tCo

Me

1:

iMP

ro

ve

D P

ro

DU

Cti

vit

y A

nD

Pr

oD

UC

tio

n in

AG

riC

ULt

Ur

e, L

ive

Sto

CK

An

D F

iSH

er

ieS

SU

b S

eC

tor

S

Dep

end

ency

on

rai

n-fe

d

agric

ultu

re

Poor

retu

rns

from

ag

ricul

tura

l act

iviti

esS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Com

mer

cial

ised

pro

duct

ion

syst

ems,

di

vers

ify a

gric

ultu

re a

nd a

dopt

ap

prop

riate

tech

nolo

gy

Irrig

atio

n (la

rge

scal

e), g

reen

ho

uses

, mec

hani

sed

farm

ing,

pr

oduc

tion

of im

prov

ed

lives

tock

bre

eds,

con

stru

ctio

n of

meg

a da

ms

By

Aug

ust

2017

Ade

quat

e re

sour

ces,

fa

vour

able

w

eath

er

cond

ition

s

env

ironm

enta

l d

egra

dat

ion

Sev

ere

soil

eros

ion

Moy

ale

Sub

-Cou

nty

alon

g th

e es

carp

men

t

Floo

d co

ntro

l, C

ontro

l ove

rgra

zing

Cre

ate

meg

a da

ms,

terr

aces

Impr

ove

farm

ing

tech

niqu

esE

nviro

nmen

tal c

onse

rvat

ion,

co

nstru

ctio

n of

gab

ions

By

July

20

17A

dequ

ate

reso

urce

s,

favo

urab

le

wea

ther

co

nditi

ons

env

ironm

enta

l d

egra

dat

ion

Low

soi

l fer

tility

Moy

ale

tow

n,

Sol

olo

tow

n,

Dab

el, N

ana,

G

odom

a, U

ran

Gol

ole

Use

of f

ertil

iser

and

farm

yar

d m

anur

e,

good

farm

ing

tech

niqu

esS

oil t

estin

g an

d en

richm

ent,

cons

truct

ion

of s

oil a

nd w

ater

co

nser

vatio

n st

ruct

ures

By

July

20

17fa

rmer

s ca

paci

ty

build

ing

Enc

oura

ge

dive

rsifi

catio

n

Few

inp

ut

sup

plie

rsIn

adeq

uate

agr

i-inp

uts

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lish

stoc

kist

out

lets

at w

ard

leve

l, tra

in s

tock

ists

R

evol

ving

fund

s to

sus

tain

the

agro

vets

By

July

20

15P

rom

otio

n of

P

PPs

Low

ad

optio

n of

new

te

chno

log

ies,

in

adeq

uate

ex

tens

ion

staf

f

Inad

equa

te s

kills

and

kn

owle

dge

in c

rop

and

lives

tock

hus

band

ry

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eC

apac

ity b

uild

ing

Est

ablis

hmen

t of a

gric

ultu

ral

train

ing

cent

res,

farm

er fi

eld

scho

ols

Exp

osur

e le

arni

ng to

urs

Sho

ws

and

exhi

bitio

ns

By

July

20

17

Lack

of s

uita

ble

fis

hing

site

sLa

ck o

f aw

aren

ess

and

supp

ort i

n fis

h fa

rmin

g

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eC

ondu

ct fe

asib

ility

stu

dies

and

initi

ate

aqua

cultu

reE

stab

lishm

ent o

f fish

pon

ds,

avai

l fing

erlin

gsB

y 20

20

Poo

r p

est a

nd

dis

ease

con

trol

p

ract

ices

Cro

ps a

nd li

vest

ock

pest

s an

d di

seas

esS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Pest

s an

d di

seas

e co

ntro

l stra

tegi

es,

farm

ers

awar

enes

s an

d ed

ucat

ion,

op

enin

g up

of f

arm

land

App

ropr

iate

use

of p

estic

ides

an

d ac

aric

ides

, tre

atm

ent a

nd

vacc

inat

ions

, cap

acity

bui

ldin

g fo

r far

mer

s

By

2016

Poo

r b

ull

sele

ctio

n an

d b

reed

ing

sy

stem

s

Live

stoc

k in

-bre

edin

gS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Live

stoc

k br

eed

impr

ovem

ent

Intro

duct

ion

of S

ahiw

al b

ulls

, bo

ars

and

Toge

nbur

g bu

cks,

K

enbr

o co

cker

els

By

2016

MoyALe SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns/ i

nter

vent

ions

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

Mo

yALe

oU

tCo

Me

2: e

nH

An

Ce

D M

Ar

Ke

t A

CC

eS

S A

nD

Co

MP

eti

tiv

en

eS

S o

F A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

Se

Cto

r P

ro

DU

CtS

An

D S

er

viC

eS

Poo

r liv

esto

ck

mar

ket

stru

ctur

es

Few

and

poo

rly-

equi

pped

mar

kets

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lish

meg

a liv

esto

ck m

arke

tC

ompu

teris

ed m

arke

ts w

ith

wei

gh b

ridge

s an

d be

tter

hold

ing

bays

, man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees

and

confl

ict

man

agem

ent c

omm

ittee

By

July

20

17A

dequ

ate

reso

urce

s,

favo

urab

le

wea

ther

co

nditi

ons

Few

org

anis

ed

Mar

ketin

g

gro

ups

Bro

kers

con

trol

lives

tock

pric

esS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Pro

mot

e co

mm

erci

alis

atio

n of

live

stoc

k ke

epin

gFo

rmat

ion

of li

vest

ock

coop

erat

ive

soci

etie

s,

com

mer

cial

ranc

hing

By

2017

Lim

ited

mar

ket

for

hid

es a

nd

skin

s

Few

hid

es a

nd s

kins

lic

ense

d de

aler

sS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Valu

e ad

ditio

n to

hid

es a

nd s

kins

th

roug

h pr

oces

sing

Con

stru

ctio

n of

a ta

nner

y an

d co

ttage

indu

strie

sB

y 20

20

Poo

r ac

cess

ro

ads

to th

e m

arke

ts

Prim

ary

mar

kets

are

in

acce

ssib

leD

abel

, A

mba

lo,

God

oma,

El-

Bor

, Bad

an

Are

ro

Gra

ding

and

mai

ntai

ning

the

exis

ting

road

sU

pgra

ding

of r

oads

, Flo

od

cont

rol,

Env

ironm

enta

l m

anag

emen

t

By

July

20

17

Lack

of c

o-m

anag

emen

tPo

or li

vest

ock

mar

ket

man

agem

ent

Moy

ale

and

S

olol

oD

evel

op a

cle

ar p

olic

y on

co-

man

agem

ent,

supp

ort l

ives

tock

m

arke

ting

info

rmat

ion

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g, e

duca

tion

and

awar

enes

s, e

duca

tiona

l ex

posu

re to

urs

By

2016

Poo

r liv

esto

ck

qua

lity

and

se

ason

ality

Poor

/ fluc

tuat

ing

lives

tock

mar

ket p

rises

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

ePo

licy

form

ulat

ion

Sta

ndar

dise

live

stoc

k pr

ices

, ad

verti

sem

ents

, tra

de fa

res,

cr

eatio

n of

live

stoc

k m

arke

ting

co-o

pera

tives

, cap

acity

bu

ildin

g

By

July

20

17


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns/ i

nter

vent

ions

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

Mo

yALe

oU

tCo

Me

2: e

nH

An

Ce

D M

Ar

Ke

t A

CC

eS

S A

nD

Co

MP

eti

tiv

en

eS

S o

F A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

Se

Cto

r P

ro

DU

CtS

An

D S

er

viC

eS

Lack

of

app

rop

riate

milk

eq

uip

men

t

Poor

han

dlin

g an

d m

arke

ting

of c

amel

m

ilk

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eH

ygie

nic

colle

ctio

n an

d sc

reen

ing

of

milk

Est

ablis

hmen

t of c

amel

m

ilk c

olle

ctio

n ce

ntre

s an

d pr

oces

sing

pla

nt, c

apac

ity

build

ing

of p

rodu

cers

and

tra

ders

By

2017

Pre

stig

e liv

esto

ck

pro

duc

tion

(pro

duc

tion

not

mar

ket o

rient

ed)

Trad

ition

al li

vest

ock

keep

ing

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eP

rom

ote

com

mer

cial

isat

ion

of li

vest

ock

keep

ing

Form

atio

n of

live

stoc

k co

oper

ativ

e so

ciet

ies,

C

omm

erci

al ra

nchi

ng

By

2017

Lack

of

pro

cess

ing

p

lant

s fo

r liv

esto

ck

pro

duc

ts

No

proc

essi

ng p

lant

sS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Mod

ern

abat

toirs

, tan

nerie

s, d

airy

uni

tsC

anni

ng o

f liv

esto

ck p

rodu

cts,

le

athe

r pro

duct

ion,

pac

kagi

ng

of m

ilk, c

otta

ge in

dust

ries

By

July

20

17

Lack

of

awar

enes

s on

cr

edit

faci

litie

s

Inac

cess

ibili

ty to

cre

dit

faci

litie

s du

e to

lack

of

colla

tera

l

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eC

reat

e aw

aren

ess

and

linka

ges,

ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

Age

ncie

s in

vill

ages

, M

-Ban

king

, KC

B-M

taan

i, M

-Pes

a, v

illag

e ba

nkin

g

By

July

20

17

Lack

of

mar

ketin

g

info

rmat

ion

Poor

live

stoc

k pr

ices

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lish

and

crea

te m

arke

t lin

kage

sE

stab

lishm

ent o

f dis

ease

-free

zo

nes,

cre

atio

n of

qua

rant

ine

stat

ions

and

hol

ding

gro

und,

es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f exp

ort a

batto

ir

By

July

20

17

MoyALe SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns/ i

nter

vent

ions

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

Mo

yALe

oU

tCo

Me

3: e

nA

bLi

nG

Po

LiC

ieS

An

D L

eG

iSLA

tio

n t

HA

t S

UP

Po

rt

ALL

StA

Ke

Ho

LDe

rS

in A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

Se

Cto

r

Poo

r he

rd h

ealth

Vete

rinar

y dr

ugs

and

othe

r agr

o-in

puts

are

so

ld b

y un

qual

ified

pe

ople

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eC

ount

y to

liai

se w

ith K

VB a

nd P

est

Con

trol B

oard

(PC

B) t

o es

tabl

ish

sub-

coun

ty in

spec

tora

te o

ffice

s

Est

ablis

hmen

t of

an o

ffice

for

the

vete

rinar

y dr

ugs

insp

ecto

r in

the

sub-

coun

ty

By

2017

Ade

quat

e re

sour

ces,

fa

vour

able

w

eath

er

cond

ition

s

Poo

r p

lann

ing

an

d p

riorit

isat

ion

Inad

equa

te a

lloca

tion

of re

sour

ces

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eA

lloca

te re

sour

ces

as p

er th

e w

ork

plan

s an

d bu

dget

Allo

cate

10%

of c

ount

y bu

dget

to

agr

icul

tura

l sec

tor i

n lin

e w

ith

the

Abu

ja D

ecla

ratio

nP

rom

ote

Pub

lic P

rivat

e Pa

rtner

ship

s in

line

with

MD

Gs

Car

ry-o

ut a

cen

sus

on a

ll liv

esto

ck s

peci

es a

nd fa

rms

Dev

elop

a p

olic

y th

at is

ag

ricul

ture

frie

ndly

to th

e yo

uth

and

add

ince

ntiv

es

By

2017

Lack

of

stan

dar

dis

atio

n fo

r ag

ricul

tura

l an

d li

vest

ock

pro

duc

ts

Poor

pric

es fo

r liv

esto

ck a

nd

agric

ultu

ral p

rodu

cts

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eE

stab

lishm

ent o

f pro

duct

s st

anda

rds

in

rela

tion

to m

arke

t req

uire

men

tsP

rope

r and

pro

fess

iona

l use

of

vet

erin

ary

drug

s an

d ot

her

inpu

ts

By

2017

Poo

r g

over

nanc

eIn

ter-e

thni

c co

nflic

tsS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Stre

ngth

enin

g of

the

exis

ting

peac

e co

mm

ittee

s an

d fo

rmat

ion

of S

ub-

coun

ty p

eace

and

reco

ncili

atio

n co

mm

ittee

. Equ

itabl

e re

sour

ce s

harin

g,

incl

usio

n of

inte

rfaith

gro

ups,

pas

tora

l la

nd d

emar

catio

n, a

nd c

ontro

l in

peac

e bu

ildin

g

Est

ablis

hmen

t of p

eace

and

re

conc

iliat

ion

com

mitt

ee,

capa

city

bui

ldin

g of

the

com

mitt

ee, r

esou

rce

allo

catio

n to

pea

ce b

uild

ing

and

reco

ncili

atio

n ac

tiviti

esP

rom

ote

Incl

usiv

e de

velo

pmen

t pl

anni

ng a

nd im

plem

enta

tion

By

2017


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns/ i

nter

vent

ions

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

Mo

yALe

oU

tCo

Me

3: e

nA

bLi

nG

Po

LiC

ieS

An

D L

eG

iSLA

tio

n t

HA

t S

UP

Po

rt

ALL

StA

Ke

Ho

LDe

rS

in A

Gr

iCU

LtU

re

Se

Cto

r

Poo

r p

olic

ies

Pro

hibi

tive

lives

tock

m

ovem

ent r

egul

atio

nsS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Stre

ngth

enin

g of

the

exis

ting

dise

ase

surv

eilla

nce

com

mitt

ees,

revi

ew o

f the

ex

istin

g re

gula

tions

gov

erni

ng li

vest

ock

mov

emen

t, E

duca

te th

e pe

ople

on

new

an

d ex

istin

g liv

esto

ck p

olic

ies

Mas

s te

stin

g fo

r CB

PP,

m

ass

vacc

inat

ions

, dis

ease

su

rvei

llanc

e, c

ontro

lled

lives

tock

mov

emen

t, br

andi

ng o

f liv

esto

ck, r

eviv

al

and

regi

stra

tion

of d

isea

se

surv

eilla

nce

com

mitt

ees

Dev

elop

pas

tora

list p

olic

y,

deve

lop

inte

r-cou

nty

polic

ies

on d

isea

se c

ontro

l and

be

twee

n K

enya

and

Eth

iopi

a,

brin

g on

boa

rd a

ll st

akeh

olde

rs

in d

evel

opin

g po

licie

s an

d do

mes

ticat

e th

em fo

r the

co

unty

By

2017

Lack

of

enfo

rcem

ent o

f tr

ade

reg

ulat

ions

Unc

ontro

lled

food

co

mm

oditi

es a

nd

lives

tock

from

out

side

th

e su

b-co

unty

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eR

egul

atin

g en

try o

f foo

d co

mm

oditi

es

and

lives

tock

from

out

side

the

sub-

coun

ty

Ena

ct le

gisl

atio

n to

regu

late

fo

od s

tuff,

live

stoc

k an

d liv

esto

ck p

rodu

cts

from

en

terin

g th

e su

b-co

unty

Gov

ernm

ent t

o pr

ovid

e su

bsid

ies

and

othe

r inc

entiv

es

to lo

cal p

rodu

cers

By

2017

Ade

quat

e re

sour

ces,

fa

vour

able

w

eath

er

cond

ition

s

Lack

of

harm

onis

ed

pla

nnin

g

Unc

oord

inat

ed

appr

oach

es a

nd

faci

litat

ion

by a

ctor

s

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eH

arm

onis

ed A

ppro

ache

s to

de

velo

pmen

t int

erve

ntio

nsJo

int p

lann

ing

foru

ms

for a

ll st

akeh

olde

rsB

y 20

15

MoyALe SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns/ i

nter

vent

ions

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tion/

te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

A

ssum

ptio

ns

Mo

yALe

oU

tCo

Me

4:

en

HA

nC

eD

SU

StA

inA

bLe

AC

Ce

SS

to

AD

eq

UA

te, n

Utr

itio

US

An

D q

UA

Lity

Fo

oD

Fo

r A

LL A

t A

LL t

iMe

S

Dep

end

ence

on

rai

n-fe

d

agric

ultu

re

Food

sho

rtage

S

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Enh

ance

d cr

op a

nd li

vest

ock

prod

uctio

n, e

arly

pla

ntin

g, p

lant

ing

of

drou

ght t

oler

ant c

rops

Intro

duct

ion

of m

oder

n fa

rmin

g te

chni

ques

(Irr

igat

ion,

gr

een

hous

e fa

rmin

g), C

rop

dive

rsifi

catio

n, L

ives

tock

br

eed

impr

ovem

ent,

Past

ure/

Fodd

er e

stab

lishm

ent a

nd

cons

erva

tion,

Alte

rnat

ive

livel

ihoo

ds (b

eeke

epin

g, G

um

Ara

bica

and

resi

ns)

By

201

6R

esou

rces

will

be

ava

iled,

fa

vour

able

w

eath

er

cond

ition

s

Food

inse

cure

Mal

nutri

tion

of

vuln

erab

le g

roup

s (p

regn

ant m

othe

rs,

child

ren,

age

d,

PLW

As)

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

eIn

trodu

ctio

n of

affo

rdab

le li

velih

oods

st

rate

gies

Poul

try k

eepi

ng, R

abbi

t rea

ring,

K

itche

n ga

rden

ing,

mic

ro

ente

rpris

es

By

201

6R

esou

rces

will

be

ava

iled,

fa

vour

able

w

eath

er

cond

ition

s

Poo

r ad

optio

n of

te

chno

log

ies

Low

live

stoc

k an

d cr

op p

rodu

ctiv

ityS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Use

of a

ppro

pria

te fa

rm in

puts

and

pr

actic

es, G

ood

man

agem

ent p

ract

ices

E

stab

lishm

ent o

f gro

up/

com

mer

cial

ranc

hes,

E

stab

lishm

ent o

f com

mun

ity

cons

erva

ncie

s, s

tora

ge

faci

litie

s, w

ater

har

vest

ing

and

cons

erva

tion

stru

ctur

es,

envi

ronm

enta

l pro

tect

ion

By

201

7

Dep

end

ency

sy

ndro

me

Ove

r-rel

ianc

e on

food

ai

dS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Ope

ning

up

of m

ore

farm

s, Ir

rigat

ion,

D

evel

op p

rogr

amm

es th

at

prom

ote

peop

les'

resi

lienc

eB

y 20

16

Dro

ught

Rec

urrin

g pa

stur

e an

d cr

op fa

ilure

Sub

-cou

nty

wid

ePa

stur

e co

nser

vatio

n, d

roug

ht to

lera

nt

crop

s,

Con

stru

ctio

n of

meg

a da

ms,

de

stoc

king

, res

tock

ing,

larg

e sc

ale

irrig

atio

n

By

2017

Lack

of

livel

ihoo

d

div

ersi

ficat

ion

Low

hou

seho

ld

inco

me

leve

lsS

ub-c

ount

y w

ide

Cre

atio

n of

alte

rnat

ive

livel

ihoo

dsP

rom

ote

poul

try k

eepi

ng,

kitc

hen

gard

enin

g, m

icro

en

terp

rises

By

2017


issu

e/ p

rob

lem

ar

ea

Cur

rent

sta

tus

(whe

re a

re w

e no

w?)

Are

a/ lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

ns/ i

nter

vent

ions

rec

omm

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2014

-17

Res

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w

eath

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cond

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s

Sub

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mal

hea

lth

and

prod

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n tra

inin

g to

pro

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thei

r cro

ps a

nd

lives

tock

2014

-17

Sub

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nty

wid

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crea

se w

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la

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NG

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se

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wom

en in

live

stoc

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tion

and

mar

ketin

g

2014

-17

Gen

der

dis

par

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Wom

en a

nd y

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ve n

o co

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r so

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mpl

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f lea

ther

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strie

s, v

alue

add

ition

of

milk

and

mea

t

2014

-17

Whe

re w

omen

and

men

hav

e se

para

te

inco

mes

and

fina

ncia

l res

pons

ibili

ties,

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2014

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ro-e

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2014

- 20

17R

esou

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P

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day

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FS, P

FS

2014

- 20

18

Few

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el

Lim

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acce

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2014

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19

Ext

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n, e

-ext

ensi

on in

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ricul

ture

2014

- 20

19


issu

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tatio

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nerg

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ioga

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olar

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rom

otio

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plan

ting

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mat

urin

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oodl

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2018

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CC

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en

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ro

UG

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loca

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al

early

war

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By

2017

Poo

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and

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By

2017

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ran

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ues

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loca

l FM

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atio

ns,

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2015

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stal

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alua

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em

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ide

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e of

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er h

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alys

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Tim

ely

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ing

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ired,

fa

rmer

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paci

ty b

uild

ing

on n

ew te

chno

logi

esE

ncou

rage

cro

p di

vers

ifica

tion

1.2

Low

leve

ls o

f m

echa

nisa

tion

Farm

ers

usin

g ox

en a

nd

com

mon

ly m

aras

ha

plou

gh fo

r plo

ughi

ng

Sub

-co

unty

w

ide

Use

of t

ract

ors

20

14 -

2020

Faci

litat

e av

aila

bilit

y of

tra

ctor

s fo

r hire

ser

vice

s at

the

loca

tion

leve

l

Lac

k of

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tors

at t

he

peak

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ughi

ng s

easo

nS

ub-

coun

ty

wid

e

Use

of h

and-

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d tra

ctor

s-U

se o

f han

d pu

lled

tract

ors

In

trodu

ce a

cces

sibl

e,

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rdab

le a

nd

sust

aina

ble

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mer

cial

ly-

man

aged

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icul

ture

m

echa

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tion

serv

ice

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ld fa

rmer

s’ c

apac

ity t

hrou

gh

inno

vativ

e ch

anne

ls e

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arm

er-

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ning

, far

mer

fiel

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hool

s et

c.

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oura

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rivat

e, p

ublic

pa

rtner

ship

s (P

PP

)

Map

ping

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entia

l are

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r fa

rmin

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ood

zone

s In

trodu

ce m

echa

nise

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rmin

g te

chno

logi

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hay

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g

S

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s fo

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catc

hmen

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t com

mun

ity a

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vel f

or

irrig

atio

n

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ide

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mot

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prop

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faci

litie

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nks,

wat

er p

ans

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dam

s,

rock

cat

chm

ents

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er h

arve

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g te

chni

ques

20

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ropr

iate

dis

tribu

tion

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ams

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pans

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ns

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imal

acr

eage

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sing

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-co

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ide

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mot

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re p

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line

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ncou

rage

wat

er re

cycl

ing

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ate

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nabl

ing

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y an

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gisl

ativ

e en

viro

nmen

t, in

clud

ing

ince

ntiv

es o

n al

l wat

er

harv

estin

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itiat

ives

1.4

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p

rod

uctiv

ity

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ed b

y p

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lives

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reed

ing

and

se

lect

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pra

ctic

es

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of t

he s

ame

bull,

sa

me

bree

d fo

r a h

erd

over

a

long

per

iod

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-co

unty

w

ide

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tial

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prov

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, bul

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war

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Use

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mpr

oved

bre

eds,

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tifici

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sem

inat

ion

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iate

Low

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ing

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arks

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ly o

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rich

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n

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allo

w

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ince

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er

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e th

e pr

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m o

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only

cre

ates

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ende

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ct la

ws

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impo

se

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le la

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prom

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ide

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ide

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man

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h m

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reve

nue

colle

cted

is

used

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evel

op m

arke

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and

st

ruct

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grat

ed m

arke

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stab

lish

an o

pen

auct

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sy

stem

for l

ives

tock

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ers

shou

ld b

e in

form

ed

on m

arke

t pric

es th

roug

h lo

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med

ias

use

loca

l rad

ios

for i

nfor

mat

ion

diss

emin

atio

n

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litat

e la

nd

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arca

tions

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ce o

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eds

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le z

onin

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sing

p

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to

pro

mot

e c

amel

m

ilk h

ygie

ne

stan

dar

ds

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els

are

norm

ally

aw

ay

from

the

infra

stru

ctur

e an

d w

ater

poi

nts

whi

ch

mak

es m

arke

ting

of c

amel

m

ilk d

ifficu

lt ev

en th

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man

d is

hig

h

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-co

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ide

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cam

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rmH

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safe

han

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ns fo

r tra

nspo

rting

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s

2015

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n ca

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pro

duce

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n hy

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e st

anda

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cess

milk

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long

er

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est

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ily tr

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rea

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iate

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ely

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3.3

no

pol

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outh

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artic

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ion

in a

gric

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re

activ

ities

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re a

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tere

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br

ing

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k re

turn

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unty

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ide

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ies

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et y

outh

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visi

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use

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atio

n sy

stem

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g m

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the

you

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re


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per p

olic

y th

ere

is n

o de

velo

pmen

t

3.7

ena

ble

rs

and

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able

rs

pol

icie

s on

hid

es

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ski

ns tr

ade

in th

e co

unty

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prop

er p

olic

y to

gui

de

on th

e ex

ploi

tatio

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es

and

skin

s

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-co

unty

w

ide

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n up

aba

ttoirs

in th

e co

unty

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n up

mod

ern

tann

ery

2015

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sub

coun

ty c

an

gene

rate

a lo

t of r

even

ue

from

hid

es a

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kin

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ove

serv

ice

deliv

ery

in

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s an

d sk

ins

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n up

lear

ning

cen

tre

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e ad

ditio

n fo

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es a

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SAKU SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/ p

rob

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rent

sta

tus

(whe

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e no

w?)

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a P

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end

ed in

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tion/

tech

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gie

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me

dim

ensi

on

rem

arks

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atic

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od a

nd

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al

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andr

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unty

w

ide

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ance

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ern

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and

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esto

ck p

rodu

ctio

n sy

stem

s,

early

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ntin

g, p

lant

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ght t

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, use

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impr

oved

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mal

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duct

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of m

oder

n fa

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chni

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(irr

igat

ion,

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, cro

p di

vers

ifica

tion,

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k br

eed

impr

ovem

ent,

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ure/

fodd

er

esta

blis

hmen

t and

con

serv

atio

n

2015

- 20

17

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live

stoc

k an

d cr

op

prod

uctiv

ityS

ub-

coun

ty

wid

e

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of a

ppro

pria

te fa

rm in

puts

an

d pr

actic

esG

ood

man

agem

ent p

ract

ices

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ablis

hmen

t of g

roup

/com

mer

cial

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nche

s, e

stab

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ent o

f sto

rage

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cilit

ies,

wat

er h

arve

stin

g an

d co

nser

vatio

n st

ruct

ures

, env

ironm

enta

l pr

otec

tion

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201

7

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r-rel

ianc

e on

food

aid

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-co

unty

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ide

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ning

up

of m

ore

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s,

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atio

nD

evel

op p

rogr

amm

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at p

rom

ote

peop

les'

resi

lienc

eB

y 20

17

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ught

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-co

unty

w

ide

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ure

cons

erva

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ught

to

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nt c

rops

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onst

ruct

ion

of m

ega

dam

s, d

esto

ckin

g,

rest

ocki

ng, l

arge

sca

le ir

rigat

ion

By

2017

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hou

seho

ld in

com

e le

vels

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-co

unty

w

ide

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atio

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try k

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ng, k

itche

n ga

rden

ing,

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ro e

nter

pris

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y 20

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me

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ensi

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ks

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Me

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ter

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er

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en a

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yout

h no

t ful

ly

eng

aged

in

agric

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re

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elop

men

t

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lusi

on o

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en, y

outh

and

spe

cial

gr

oups

in p

lann

ing,

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isio

n m

akin

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of c

omm

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ojec

ts

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-co

unty

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ide

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n an

info

rmat

ion

reso

urce

ce

ntre

rele

vant

to a

gric

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re,

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tock

and

fish

erie

s

By

2017

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par

ticip

atio

n of

you

th

Iden

tify

and

incl

ude

pers

ons

with

dis

abili

ty in

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elop

men

tTr

ain

farm

ers

on h

ow to

ope

rate

ag

ricul

tura

l mac

hine

ry

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hs a

re n

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edM

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and

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psS

et a

side

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omen

and

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rmat

ive

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n no

t fol

low

edG

rant

s to

sup

port

mic

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nt s

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tion

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ion

/ in

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tions

/ te

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tim

e d

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rem

arks

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e pr

ovid

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-co

unty

w

ide

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e ex

tens

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ance

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n in

form

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n ce

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w a

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gies

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br

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(goa

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acity

bui

ldin

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r fam

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trodu

ce fa

rmer

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ld s

choo

ls

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farm

ers

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ic d

ay

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ervi

ce d

eliv

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ter

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vaila

ble

at th

e co

unty

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vel

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duce

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rvic

e de

liver

y ch

arte

r at g

rass

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s in

si

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e la

ngua

ge

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med

ia li

ke ra

dio,

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S to

pa

ss in

form

atio

n

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e/p

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lem

ar

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nt s

tatu

s (w

here

are

we

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lo

catio

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n/

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rven

tions

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ded

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ns/

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me

dim

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onr

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ks

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Me

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Gr

iCU

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re

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D F

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er

ieS

Low

ag

ricul

tura

l p

rod

uctio

n d

ue to

clim

ate

chan

ge

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low

resi

lienc

e to

cl

imat

e ch

ange

Sub

-co

unty

w

ide

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er h

arve

stin

g, d

am

cons

truct

ion,

wat

er s

tora

ge,

bore

hole

s, p

umpi

ng, t

anks

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chas

e of

dam

exc

avat

ors,

tank

s an

d pu

mps

for c

omm

unity

use

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tinuo

usM

& E

uni

t to

be in

pla

ce

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rest

atio

n, tr

ee p

lant

ing,

fru

it tre

es, s

oil a

nd w

ater

co

nser

vatio

n

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vide

sub

sidi

es a

nd g

rant

s to

the

com

mun

ity fo

r gre

enho

use,

dam

s an

d tre

e nu

rser

ies

and

othe

rs, f

or m

itiga

tion

and

adop

tion

mea

sure

s

Rec

laim

K

enya

’s

bigg

est

elep

hant

‘A

hmed

’ bac

k to

Mar

sabi

t co

unty

as

tou

rist

attra

ctio

n

Pro

mot

e dr

ough

t tol

eran

t cro

ps

and

past

ure

grow

thP

rom

otio

n of

cot

tage

indu

strie

s e.

g.

leat

her/t

anni

ng, m

ilk, m

eat p

roce

ssin

g

Past

ure,

fodd

er c

onse

rvat

ion

and

stor

age

Pro

mot

ion

of e

co-to

uris

m


issu

e/p

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lem

ar

eaC

urre

nt s

tatu

s (w

here

are

we

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rea/

lo

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ossi

ble

sol

utio

n/

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ded

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ns/

tech

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gie

sti

me

dim

ensi

onr

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ks

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KU

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Me

7:

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l p

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ate

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w

ide

Ran

ge m

anag

emen

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bon

tradi

ngC

ontin

uous

Cap

acity

dev

elop

men

t and

life

sk

ill p

rom

otio

n e.

g. p

olyt

echn

ic

for a

gro-

past

oral

ism

and

fa

rmer

s tra

inin

g ce

ntre

s

Mor

e re

sear

ch, l

inka

ge a

nd c

oord

inat

ion

betw

een

all s

take

hold

ers

Yout

h an

d w

omen

invo

lvem

ent

Ass

ist p

eopl

e fro

m th

e co

mm

unity

to

lear

n ab

out c

limat

e ch

ange

Div

ersi

ficat

ion

e.g.

bee

keep

ing,

po

ultry

, fish

ing

Pro

mot

e an

d su

stai

n pe

ri-ur

ban

agric

ultu

re

Pro

mot

e sm

all s

cale

irrig

atio

nE

nsur

e tim

ely

com

pens

atio

n by

KW

S

on w

ildlif

e de

stru

ctio

n of

cro

ps a

nd

lives

tock

Dev

elop

favo

urab

le p

olic

ies

on c

redi

t and

gov

ernm

ent

subs

idie

s

Form

atio

n of

farm

ers

coop

erat

ives

Infra

stru

ctur

e de

velo

pmen

t

Intro

duce

refri

gera

ted

vehi

cles

SAKU SUb-CoUnty


issu

e/p

rob

lem

ar

eaC

urre

nt s

tatu

s (w

here

are

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now

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rea/

lo

catio

nP

ossi

ble

sol

utio

n/ in

terv

entio

ns

rec

omm

end

ed in

nova

tions

/ te

chno

log

ies

tim

e d

imen

sion

rem

arks

SA

KU

oU

tCo

Me

8:

en

HA

nC

e A

CC

eS

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re

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Le, U

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For

MA

tio

n o

n A

Gr

iCU

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re

, Liv

eS

toC

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nD

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rie

S S

eC

tor

inad

equa

te

info

rmat

ion

on a

gric

ultu

re

pro

duc

tion

and

m

arke

ting

Very

low

acc

ess

to

info

rmat

ion

on a

gric

ultu

re,

lives

tock

and

fish

erie

s

Sub

-co

unty

w

ide

Est

ablis

h ag

ricul

tura

l inf

orm

atio

n ce

ntre

Use

of e

-ext

ensi

onC

ontin

uous

M &

E u

nit

to b

e in

pl

ace

Dev

elop

targ

eted

radi

o pr

ogra

mm

esU

se o

f mob

ile p

hone

s to

tran

smit

agric

ultu

ral i

nfor

mat

ion

Est

ablis

h co

mpr

ehen

sive

liv

esto

ck, fi

sh

cens

us a

nd fa

rmer

s in

vent

orie

s

Est

ablis

h m

arke

t inf

orm

atio

n ce

ntre

s

Pro

mot

e tra

de s

how

s

Sch

edul

ed m

eetin

gs fo

r far

mer

s an

d ot

her s

take

hold

ers

Incr

ease

and

enh

ance

ext

ensi

on s

ervi

ces


SECTION FOURImplementing the Sector Plan


Partnerships are alliances where individuals, groups or organisations agree to work together to fulfil an obligation or undertake a specific task. Successful implementation of the Marsabit County development strategy for agriculture, livestock and fisheries calls for the establishment of partnerships and strategic alliances between the County Government and for example:• Development agencies (CARE Kenya, FAO, IFAD,

WFO, World Vision, FH-Kenya), • Multi- and bi-lateral organisations (USAID, GIZ,

JICA, EU, DFID, World Bank, ADB), • Regional economic commissions and

intergovernmental organisations (IGAD, EAC, COMESA),

• Research organisations (KALRO, ILRI, ICRAF), and

• The private sector actors (banks, traders, transporters, abattoirs, exporters).

Partnerships with these organisations will come in many and varied forms e.g. financial resources, market linkages, capacity building, research and knowledge management, among others. Partnerships will be one way of creating ramification of development benefits such as local economic development, improved quantity or quality of services, as well as improved resilience and an overall improved quality of life.

Based on the 8 thematic areas, there are 4 main areas where partnerships will create synergy for effective and efficient implementation of the Marsabit strategy. The four key partnership areas are shown in Table 12 on the next page.

6 Partnerships in implementation

Strategic partnerships

1. Agriculture sub-sector• Work with KALRO and other institutions (ILRI,

ICRAF etc.) for on-farm research, piloting/testing new varieties/breeds – offer incentives e.g. land

• Establish innovations’ incubation centres / institutions – for farmer/pastoralist learning / knowledge dissemination

• FAO – funding, piloting of innovations, cross-learning agenda

• IFAD – funding, research and cross-learning agenda

• Universities – training, collaborative research• Private sector – processors, pharmaceuticals,

commercial banks/microfinance etc.

2. Livestock sub-sector• KALRO – research, on-farm testing/piloting • ILRI – cutting edge research• Universities – training, research collaboration• EPZ – linkages to export markets• ReSAKSS – info portal• CDC/Zoonotic Disease Unit – research, disease

control, sero-surveillance/sero-monitoring• Kenya Leather Development Council –

technical and regulatory support in leather processing

• Private sector – processors, product developers, animal breeders etc.

3. Fisheries sub-sector• National Museums of Kenya – research,

information• Kenya Fisheries Research Institute – policies,

research and linkages • Private Sector – transporters, processors, end-

markets, retailers (supermarkets)• Friends of Lake Turkana – for lobby issues


thematic areas of key partnership

networking Coordinating Cooperating Collaborating

1. Improved production and productivity

2. Enhanced market access and competitiveness

3. Sustainable access to adequate, nutritious, quality food for all, and at all times

4. Enabling environment through development of appropriate policies and enactment of laws that support growth of the subsectors created

5. Affordable, accessible and effective service delivery system established

6. Enhanced access to credible, updated information and knowledge system

7. Gender and social inclusion in planning, decision making and implementation fostered

8. Climate change adaptation and mitigation initiatives promoted

• Will involve sharing of information between county sectors for ALFD and existing networks e.g. RESAKSS info portal, KALRO, ILRI, ICRAF etc.

• Establish immentation coordination structures e.g. Sector Work Groups - Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries

• Role of County Steering Group (CSG), Marsabit NGOs coordination forum etc.

• Will involve sharing of activities, resources, work plans etc. through sub-county regular/quarterly meetings

• This kind of partnership will benefit Mar-sabit strategy implementa-tion process by minimising duplication and wastage

• Will involve significant sharing of areas of operation, knowledge and expertise e.g. sharing of technical staff in the field

• Leads to increased levels of capacity, opportunities and sustainability

table 12 Key partnership areas


A checklist for putting the Sector Plan into operation

1. Implementing modalities

• Establish/identify implementation systems/structures

• Sub-sector working groups • Advisory committees• Review/revise agricultural sector content of CIDP

to align to the Sector Plan• Develop an implementation framework• Identify and implement quick wins within each

phase for mileage and publicity

2. Drivers for Success

• Identify and develop strategies to capitalise on drivers of change/game changers for:

• Short term e.g. construction of abattoir, incubating some promising ideas, piloting proven skills

• Medium term e.g. enacting appropriate policies, linking with development of LAPSSET corridor, sufficient funding to sector

• Long term: e.g. training sufficient and capable service personnel, availing sufficient funds to sector

3. Coordination, monitoring and evaluation

• Establish a coordination structure for synergy, avoid duplication and wastage of resources

• Establish an M&E system that links and integrates all levels (county-sub-county-ward-village)

7 From plan to reality

• Establish and monitor linkages between each CIDP (county-wide sectors) to the Plan (specific sectors/sub-sectors)

• Create and enforce standards for county service delivery

4. Funding Implications of the Sector Plan

• Establish Agriculture Sector donor coordination platform

• Collaborate with development actors to establish a fund raising strategy e.g. County Innovation Fund/Kit

• Create awareness within relevant county institutions

• The Agriculture Committee/County Assembly - financial resources

• County Public Service Boards - human resources, etc.

5. Partnerships with other county/national stakeholders

• Imperative that the sector collaborates with National Ministry for Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

• Imperative that sector collaborates with county sector for Water, Environment, Lands, Energy, Education, Health, Finance, and CDMA in implementing the Plan

Role of advisory committees

In addition to an M&E framework, it may be necessary

to create an oversight committee to objectively monitor

implementation of the Sector Plan. This committee

could operate on the same level as or above the Rural

Sector Coordination Committee proposed in the CIDP.


ANNEXESANNEx 1:

TECHNICAL/VALIDATION TEAM FOR SECTOR PLANNING

ANNEx 2: COUNTY-WIDE CONTRIBUTORS

ANNEx 3-A: CONTRIBUTORS – SAKU SUB-COUNTY

ANNEx 3-B: CONTRIBUTORS – LAISAMIS SUB-COUNTY

ANNEx 3-C: CONTRIBUTORS - MOYALE SUB-COUNTY

ANNEx 3-D: CONTRIBUTORS – NORTH HORR SUB-COUNTY

ANNEx 4-A: CROP PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION DATA

ANNEx 4-B: DAILY CONSUMPTION

ANNEx 4-C: CONSUMPTION OVER 6 MONTHS

ANNEx 5: FOOD AID DATA IN MARSABIT COUNTY

ANNEx 6-A: SERVICE PROVIDERS IN THE COUNTY – AGRICULTURE

ANNEx 6-B: SERVICE PROVIDERS IN THE COUNTY - LIVESTOCK


No

Nam

e of

par

ticip

ant

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15.

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20.

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8.K

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24.

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27.

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28.

Rob

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AnneXeS






















Par

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30.

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31.

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33.

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38.

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Nan

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42.

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47.

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com

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Published byMarsabit County Government Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries DevelopmentP.O. Box 96Marsabit, Kenya

Contributors:Technical/validation team: Participants list, Annex 1 County-wide teams: Participants list, Annex 2Sub-county teams: Participants lists, Annex 3 A-D

Photo creditsCover © GIZ and Dr Therese ShaererPg 3 Lindsey Nicholson Wikipedia Commons CC By 2.0 Pages 6, 23, 25, 37, 42, 66 © GIZ, Pages 12, 21, 73 © Dr Therese ShaererBack cover © Ali Adan Ali

Other photos by courtesy of various membersof the contributing teams

Editing and layoutPeta Meyer / Tara Consultants LtdE [email protected]

Supported by GIZ and USAID

October 2014

Implemented by

Published byMarsabit County Government

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

P.O. Box 96Marsabit, Kenya

Supported by

Marsabit County Agriculture Sector Plan 2013-2017

Documents

Transcript of Marsabit County Agriculture Sector Plan 2013-2017