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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP

Kmrs Qurcman Hutphst

\ymb Fheehwmy

Siroibim Mnrhspman Qainban mb` Pnabhehoy Qahemrs

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  !

QAHZN4 Kmrs Qurcman Hutphst (KQH)

 

Bnn`4 "mib m rncibn` ub`nrstmb`ibo hc tn shemr systn# mb` its hrioibs$

• Ohmes4 

%ntnr#ibn ic eicn n&nr mrhsn hb Kmrs$

Amrmatnri'n tn aei#mtn hc Kmrs$ Amrmatnri'n tn onhehoy hc Kmrs

()Qainban * Kmrs N+pehrmtihb Zrhorm#,) b$`$-$

 

Hldnativn4 Znrchr# sainbticia rnsnmra ms th tn onhehoia ah#phsitihb hc Kmrs

wien snmraibo chr n&i`nban hc pmst eicn mb` tm.ibo #nmsurn#nbts hcmt#hspnria ahb`itihbs$

 

Kissihb4 Nstm/eis mb hutphst hb tn Kmrtimb surcman `n&htn` th sainbticia

rnsnmra hc Kmrs:s pmst$

 

Hpnrmtihbme Ahbanpts4 

=muba tn n<uip#nbt mb` #maibnry rn<uirn` chr tn hutphst

ahbstruatihb ib trnn #issihb pmsns1 Qitn N+am&mtihb, Fm/itmt Mssn#/ey,mb` Cibme Ahbbnatihbs$

   Muthbh#hus ahbstruatihb hc hutphst struaturns (/ht m/h&n mb` /nehw

orhub`-  =mb` amroh sip#nbt mt hutphst ynmr !0>>$

   Mrri&me hc arnw#n#/nrs mt hutphst ib ynmr !0>>$

  Arnw #n#/nrs ahb`uat sainbticia rnsnmra wien ei&ibo mt tn hutphst$

  Arnw supphrtn` /y amroh sip#nbts n&nry twh ynmrs$

Arnw rnturbs ib ynmr !033$

 

Mssukptihbs4 

 M`n<umtn cub`ibo crh# &mrihus ibtnrbmtihbme pmrtbnrs

   Mee tnabhehoy rn<uirn#nbts mrn m&miem/en

 

Ahbstrmibts4 

Hutphst #ust /n cueey hpnrmtihbme /y tn ynmr !0>?$

  Kust supphrt m arnw hc !0 mstrhbmuts$

 Mstrhbmuts #ust rnturb th Nmrt /y tn ynmr !033$

Muthrit!4 KQH th /n #mbmon` /y 6MQM wit chrniob ahhpnrmtihb$

• "rivnrs4 

Zrnsi`nbtime &isihb chr m Kmrs emb`ibo

Zri&mtn ncchrts mt `n&nehpibo bnw tnabhehoins chr #issihbs th Kmrs$

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  >

Kmrs Qurcman Hutphst

Pn Kmrs Qurcman Hutphst (KQH- wiee /n tn cirst #mbbn` #issihb th Kmrs$%nsiobn` th /n #mbmon` /y 6MQM ib ahhpnrmtihb wit ibtnrbmtihbme pmrtbnrs, tn KQHwiee /n m siobiciambt stnp ib tn `n&nehp#nbt hc bnw tnabhehoins mb` sainbticia tnhrins$

 M``itihbmeey, it wiee pemy m .ny rhen ms tn cub`m#nbtme tnstibo orhub` chr hutphst#issihbs ib tn cuturn$

Kissihb Zurphsn

Pn KQH is m ahbtibumtihb hc tn ncchrts crh# prn&ihus Kmrs #issihbs, sua msKmrs Zmtcib`nr, Kmrs N+pehrmtihb \h&nrs, mb` tn Kmrs Qainban =m/hrmthry$ Pnsn#issihbs mi#n` mt main&ibo tn ohmes hc tn Kmrs N+pehrmtihb Zrhorm#$ Pnsn ohmesibaeu`n amrmatnri'ibo tn mt#hspnrn mb` onhehoy hc Kmrs, mb` snmraibo chr n&i`nbanhc pmst eicn hb Kmrs$ Pn KQH wiee mi` ib tn main&n#nbt hc tnsn ohmes /y prh&i`ibomeehwibo u#mbs th trm&ne th Kmr:s surcman, ib hr`nr th aheenat sm#pens, n+pehrn, mb`pnrchr# sainbticia n+pnri#nbts, wia wiee n+pmb` sainbtists: .bhwen`on hc Kmrs:s isthry

mb` ah#phsitihb$

Kissihb Qtmtnknbt

Pn h/9nati&n hc tn Kmrs Qurcman Hutphst #issihb is th ib&nstiomtn tn Neysiu#<um`rmbt hb Kmrs /y snmraibo chr /ht trmans hc pmst eicn, ms wnee ms `ntnr#ibibo tnonhehoiame #m.nup hc tn shie witib tn mrnm$ Pn #issihb wiee /nbncit sainbtists mb`sahemrs, prh&i`ibo `ntmien` i#mons hc sm#pens, ms wnee ms an#iame mbmeysis rnsuets,mb` #iarhsahpia i#monry hc /ht wmtnr ian mb` shie sm#pens$ Pn pri#mry usnrs hc tn`mtm omtnrn` /y n+pnri#nbts mt KQH wiee /n thsn ib&he&n` ib tn cine`s hc pysias,onhehoy, mb` an#istry ms wnee$ Pn rnsuets hc tis #issihb wiee mesh /n snnb ib tn cine`s

hc nboibnnribo mb` psyahehoy$ %un th tn ehbo `urmtihb hc tis #issihb, `mtm wiee /nomtnrn` rnomr`ibo tn nccnats hc snpmrmtihb hc mstrhbmuts crh# shainty mb` nmrt chrehbo pnrih`s hc ti#n$

Kissihb #n$uirnknbts%Ahbstrmibts

Pn rn<uirn#nbts chr tn KQH amb /n `nri&n` crh# tn #issihb h/9nati&ns, mb`prh&i`n m /msn, hb wia tn hpnrmtihbme ahbanpts amb /n /uiet$ Pn #issihbrn<uirn#nbts chr tn Kmrs Qurcman Hutphst mrn eistn` /nehw$

• Cirst arnwn` emuba #ust haaur /nchrn tn ynmr !030$

• Qupphrt m arnw hc !0 mstrhbmuts chr tn `urmtihb hc tn #issihb

• Zrh&i`n m #h`uemr systn# chr rubbibo n+pnri#nbts4ib&nstiomtihbs$•  Meehw chr tn #ibibo mb` prhanssibo hc Kmrtimb shie, rha., mb` wmtnr ian$

• Zrh&i`n cine` tnstibo chr m`&mban` eicn supphrt `n&ians

• ^sn ehbo*rmbon trmbsphrtmtihb hb tn surcman$

  Arnw #ust rnturb th Nmrt /y !03?$

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  3

Q!stnk #n$uirnknbts

Pn systn# \n<uirn#nbts mrn tn cmathrs tmt mrn bnanssmry th supphrt tn arnw`uribo tn #issihb$ Pnsn rn<uirn#nbts mccnat tn ib`i&i`ume systn#s tmt mrn put ibpeman `uribo tn #issihb$

   Meehw chr m sirt*senn&n nb&irhb#nbt witib tn m/itmt$

 

 Meehw chr cmst n&maumtihb hc tn m/itmt, ib amsn hc n#nronbay$

• Nstm/eis m pembt th prh`uan h+yonb mb` htnr prhpneembts$

 

Qupphrt tn butritihbme, psyahehoiame, mb` #n`iame bnn`s hc m arnw hc !0

#n#/nrs, /ht #men mb` cn#men chr up th 7> ynmrs, wit amroh rnsuppeyn&nry ! ynmrs$

 

Quppen#nbt chh` sip#nbts wit prh`uan orhwb mt tn hutphst$

Kissihb Nenknbts

Pn KQH wiee /n ah#prisn` hc 7! ibcemtm/en m/itmts ib m``itihb th trnn, chur*wmyahbbnatihb 9hibts (mesh ibcemtm/en-, chur mireha.s, mb` chur sthrmon*tmb. #h`uens$ M``itihbmeey, tn KQH arnw <umrtnrs wiee /n ehwnrn` niot #ntnrs /nbnmt tn Kmrtimbsurcman, ib hr`nr th prh&i`n rm`imtihb sine`ibo, mb` th prhtnat tn m/itmt crh#m'mr`hus wnmtnr ahb`itihbs hb Kmrs$ Pn ibcemtm/ens tmt ah#prisn tn struaturn wiee/n ibcemtn` hban tny mrn #mbnu&nrn` ibth tn ahrrnat phsitihb, mb`5hban ibcemtn`5wiee/n bnmrey ms mr` ms ahbarntn, `un th tn tib mt#hspnrn hb Kmrs (%ub/mr, !00;-$Pnsn struaturns mrn `nsiobn` th nb`urn tn strnss tmt mb n+tnb`n` #issihb th #mrs#iot nbtmie, strnbotnbn` /y tn #uetipen emynrs hc 2n&emr tmt m`` th tn strnbot hc tnstruaturn:s wmees$

Ahbstruatihb

Pn KQH wiee /n mssn#/en` h&nr m pnrih` hc chur ynmrs$ Pn mssn#/ey wiee /n`i&i`n` ibth trnn pmsns, nma pmsn spmbbibo chr mpprh+i#mtney twh ynmrs (tn ti#n/ntwnnb trmbscnr wib`hws-$ Chr nma pmsn, twh trmbscnr &niaens wiee pnrchr# tn trmbs*Kmrs ib9natihb /urb$ Chr &niaen smcnty rnmshbs, tn trmbscnr &niaens wiee bht pnrchr# tn/urb si#uetmbnhusey, rmtnr, tnrn wiee /n m chur `my ti#n pnrih` /ntwnnb #mbnu&nrs$ Meetrnn pmsns wiee usn tn sm#n typn hc prhpuesihb systn#s, wia wiee rnturb th nmrtmctnr trmbscnrribo tn amroh #h`uens$ Pn trmbscnr &niaens wiee pri#mriey usn trnn spmansutten Hr/itme Kmbnu&nribo Qystn# (HKQ- nboibns th trm&ne th Kmrs5nma prh`uaibo8,000 phub`s hc trust (JQpman Qutten HKQ Nboibns, b$`$-$ Ph rnturb th nmrt, tnhr/itme tuo is n<uippn` wit L +nbhb*cunen` Qhemr Nenatria Zrhpuesihb (QNZ- trustnrs$

Pnsn trustnrs wiee sehwey maanenrmtn tn tuos ibth tnir rnturb trm9nathry$ Pn cheehwiboormpia `ntmies tn amroh chr tn si+ pmsns$

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  ?

Zmsn &

Pn cirst pmsn hc KQH ahbstruatihb wiee nbtmie tn n+am&mtihb hc tn trnbans, ibwia tn hutphst wiee /n peman`$ ^phb mrri&me mt Kmrs ib !0!L, tn twh trmbscnr &niaenswiee rnenmsn tnir pmyehm`s hbn*/y*hbn (m thtme hc 7! snpmrmtn amroh emb`nrs-$ Pis isn+pnatn` th tm.n peman h&nr m twh #hbt pnrih`, ms amroh emb`nrs wiee hbey /n rnenmsn`ms bnn`n`$ Hban mee amroh ms /nnb rnenmsn`, mb` tn n+am&mtihb hc Kmrtimb shie is

ub`nrwmy, tn trmbscnr tuo wiee rnturb th nmrt mt tn bn+t trmbscnr wib`hw, ib !0>7$Knmbwien, tn ci&n Qpman N+pehrmtihb Sniaens (QNSs- mb` > u#mbhi` J\h/hbmutswiee muthbh#husey pnrchr# tnir n+am&mtihb hc tn trnbans, wia wiee /n 8$; # wi`nmb` # `nnp$

Zmsn '

Zmsn twh hc KQH ahbstruatihb ib&he&ns tn trmbsphrtmtihb mb` mssn#/ey hc tnibcemtm/en arnw m/itmts$ Pnsn #h`uens wiee /n mssn#/en` hbn*/y*hbn, /noibbibo wit

niaen htme Amr*h

Prmbscnr 

Puo 7

• ?* QNSs (usn` ms #h/ien /msn chr ahbstruatihb n<uip#nbt-

• !* Kmrs Qurcman Kh`uens (prh&i`n snetnr chr QNSs mb` n<uip#nbt

wnb bht ib usn-

Prmbscnr 

Puo !

• 7?* Meu#ibu# Anieibo Zmbnes (ah&nr tn thp hc tn ibcemtm/ens mb`

prh&i`n rm`imtihb sine`ibo-• !* Kmrs Qurcman Kh`uens (prh&i`n snetnr chr QNSs mb` n<uip#nbt

wnb bht ib usn• >* J\h/hbmuts (rh/htia u#mbhi`-

• 7* N<uip#nbt %npht (sthrns &mrihus thhes mb` n<uip#nbt chr

ahbstruatihb-

Prmbscnr 

Puo >

• 8* @bcemtm/en Fm/itmts (arnw ei&ibo <umrtnrs-

• >* @bcemtm/en Kh`uen 3*wmy Ahbbnathrs

• !* Mireha. Kh`uens (7 n#nronbay mireha., 7 amroh mireha. mee mireha.s

amb /n usn` ib mb n#nronbay-• !* Qthrmon Pmb. Kh`uens (nma ms ! wmtnr tmb.s, ! y`rhonb tmb.s,

! h+yonb tmb.s, mb` ! wmstn tmb.s-

Prmbscnr 

Puo 3

• 8* @bcemtm/en Fm/itmts (arnw ei&ibo <umrtnrs-

• !* Mireha. Kh`uens (7 sainbticia mireha., 7 pri#mry mireha. mee mireha.s

amb /n usn` ib mb n#nronbay-• !* Qthrmon Pmb. Kh`uens ( nma ms ! wmtnr tmb.s, ! y`rhonb tmb.s,

! h+yonb tmb.s, mb` ! wmstn tmb.s-

Prmbscnr 

Puo ?

• >* Amroh Kh`uens (suppey arnw wit cirst twh ynmrs hc prh&isihbs mb`

n#nronbay suppeins-• 70* Qhemr Zmbnes (pri#mry nenatriaity shuran-

• 7* Qurcman =m/hrmthry (tm.n #nmsurn#nbts hc mt#hspnrn mb` meehw

chr n+pnri#nbts th /n rub hutsi`n hc pri#mry ei&ibo <umrtnrs-

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  8

tn Qystn#s Kh`uen, mb` nb`ibo wit tn ahbbnatihb hc tn pri#mry mireha. th tn NSMsuit sthrmon$ =i.n Zmsn 7, Zmsn ! is mesh muthbh#hus$

Zmsn +

Zmsn trnn wiee /n tn cirst arnwn` pmsn hc tn #issihb$ Pn arnw wiee /ntrmbsphrtn` th tn KQH &im tn QNSs, shrtey mctnr emb`ibo ib tn Kmrs Msanbt Sniaen(KMS-$ %uribo Zmsn >, tn arnw wiee `npehy tn shemr mrrmys m/h&n tn KQH, mb` wieeahbbnat tn phwnr mb` `mtm eibns th tn struaturn$ Cheehwibo tis, tn arnw wiee trmbscnrtn amroh ibth tn KQH mb` /noib tnir eicn hb Kmrs$  

Hutphst Nenknbts

Pn KQH m/itmt struaturn wiee /n ah#phsn` hc 7! ibcemtm/en struaturns, nma witits hwb purphsn$ Pn m/itmts mrn nma, 8$; #ntnrs wi`n, 8$; #ntnrs tmee, mb` L$? #ntnrsehbo$ Pnrn mrn chur mireha.s wit &mryibo purphsns, hwn&nr mee mireha.s #my /n usn`,ib tn amsn hc mb n#nronbay$ 

Arn, -umrtnrs

Pn twh Arnw umrtnrs Mrnms (AM- mt KQH mrn nma

ah#phsn` hc twh snpmrmtn ibcemtm/ens$ Ms m when,tny ahbtmib mee hc tn yoinbn mb` aehtibo suppeinsbnn`n` th tn arnw, ms wnee ms nbhuo /n`s chr tn !0 arnw#n#/nrs$ %un th tnprnsnban hc /ht #men mb` cn#men arnw#n#/nrs, tn #men mb` cn#men <umrtnrs mrnehamtn` hb hpphsitn nb`s hc tn hutphst, oi&ibo nma onb`nr #m+i#u# pri&may$ NmaAM wiee ibaeu`n 70 /ub.s, ? rnstrhh#4yoinbn cmaieitins, mb` sthrmon spman chr tnarnw#n#/nrs: aehtibo, wia wiee /n prh&i`n` /y 6MQM, mb` is `nsiobn` chr tn arnw:s

ut#hst ah#chrt$

Qthrm*n Kh`uens

Pn KQH m/itmt ms /nnb `nsiobn` wit m#pen spman chr sthrmon hc /ht arnwn<uip#nbt mb` sainbticia ibstru#nbts4sm#pens$ Hb #h`uen nb`s tmt mrn bht haaupin`/y mb mireha., sthrmon tmb. #h`uens wiee /n ahbbnatn`$ @b thtme, tn hutphst wiee m&n chur ei<ui` sthrmon #h`uens, nma wit twh wmtnr tmb.s, twh y`rhonb tmb.s, twh h+yonbtmb.s, mb` twh wmstn tmb.s$ M``itihbmeey, m emron, ibcemtm/en sthrmon #h`uen, m`9manbt thtn ah##mb` m/itmt, hccnrs m /uiet*ib wmsibo #maibn, wia wms `nsiobn` /y 6MQMnboibnnrs chr n+trn#n wmtnr ncciainbay, rnayaeibo wmstnwmtnr chr cuturn usn$ Pn spman

mesh wiee /n usn` th sthrn #n`iame suppeins, ms wnee ms n#nronbay rmtihbs chr n#nronbaysitumtihbs$

Qainban .ml%Mireha/%Qurcman n:pnriknbt rma/s

 Mbhtnr ibcemtm/en #h`uen wiee snr&n ms tn pri#mry em/hrmthry chr tn KQH$ Pncmaieity wiee usn mb n+pnri#nbt rma. systn# si#iemr th tmt hb tn @QQ, wit ci&n rma.snbm/eibo m wi`n rmbon hc n+pnri#nbts th /n pnrchr#n`$ @b m``itihb, tn em/ wiee ibaeu`n moeh&n /h+, chr tn purphsn hc mssnssibo Kmrtimb surcman sm#pens mb` htnr su/stmbans

Ikmon4 \nb`nribo hcKQH kh`uen emyhut.Ibmtmlens mrn orny,mirehags mrn rn`, mb`sthrmon tmbg kh`uens

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  ;

aheenatn`$ M s#mee mireha., #hubtn` hutsi`n tn em/, meehws arnw#n#/nrs whr.ibo ib tnem/ th <uia.ey trmbscnr itn#s hutsi`n tn m/itmt nitnr th hbn hc tn \h/hbmuts hr thaheenmouns mernm`y hutsi`n$ M sthrm/en rh/htia mr# nbm/ens nmsy `npehy#nbt hcn+pnri#nbts, mb` wiee mi` ib #mbipuemtibo anrtmib n+pnri#nbt ahbciourmtihbs$ M``itihbmeey,m s#mee n+pnri#nbt rma. prh&i`ns snetnr crh# Kmrtimb `ust sthr#s, wien n+phsibo

n+pnri#nbts th ahbtrheen` m#hubts hc Kmrtimb mt#hspnrn chr prn`ntnr#ibn` m#hubts hc ti#n$

Q!stnks Kmbm*nknbt% Ahkkmb` Kh`uen

Pn Ah##mb` Anbtnr Fm/itmt (AAF- snr&ns ms tn pri#mry nm`<umrtnrs hc tnKAH$ N<uippn` wit stmtn*hc*tn*mrt ah##ubiamtihbs `n&ians, tn AAF ahbtmibs tnah#putnrs tmt mat ms tn nbtirn /msn:s /rmib$ Pn AAF mesh ahbtmibs n<uip#nbt chr#mbumeey ahbtrheeibo nma hc tn ci&n QNSs mb` trnn \h/hbmuts, wia meehwarnw#n#/nrs th pnrchr# tms.s hutsi`n withut enm&ibo tn m/itmt$ @b m``itihb, tis#h`uen mesh ahbtmibs tn twh Qm/mtinr \nmathrs, trnn cune anees, mb` tn Nb&irhb#nbtmeAhbtrhe mb` =icn Qupphrt Qystn# (NA=QQ-$ Chr rn`ub`mbay, m snahb` NA=QQ systn# isehamtn` ib tn \narnmtihb #h`uen$

Arn, =itbnss Kh`uen

 M`9manbt th tn "meeny is tn Arnw Citbnss Kh`uen (ACK-, wia ahbtmibs citbnssn<uip#nbt chr tn arnw$ M thtme hc trnn trnm`#iees, twh stmtihbmry /iayaens, mb` twhrnsistmban wniot snts mrn sthrn` ib tis #h`uen, ms wnee ms chur PSs, sh tmtarnw#n#/nrs #my snn. nbtnrtmib#nbt `uribo tnir trmibibo$ Pis #h`uen is aritiame chrtn arnw#n#/nrs th stmy cit `uribo tnir `npehy#nbt mt KQH$

Arn, Butritihbme Kh`uen

 M`9manbt th /ht tn citbnss mrnm mb` tn Arnw \narnmtihb Kh`uen (A\K- is mtwh sthry struaturn, .bhwb ms tn Arnw 6utritihbme Kh`uen (A6K-$ Pis rhh# ahbtmibsmee hc tn bnanssmry n<uip#nbt chr ahh.ibo, rny`rmtibo, mb`4hr nmtibo tn arnw:s#nmes, ms wnee ms nbhuo tm/ens mb` amirs chr mee !0 arnw#n#/nrs$ @t is mt tnsn tm/enstmt tn arnw he`s i#phrtmbt #nntibos$ Pn omeeny mesh snr&ns ms tn pri#mry chh`sthrmon ehamtihb chr KQH, wit tn Qthrmon #h`uen matibo ms tn snahb`mry ehamtihb$

KQH Omr`nb Kh`uen

=hamtn` marhss crh# tn A6K is tn KQH "mr`nb Kh`uen ("K-$ Pis #h`uen wiee/n usn` chr orhwibo m &mrinty hc cruits mb` &nontm/ens th suppen#nbt tn chh`

sip#nbts$ Pis #h`uen wiee mesh snr&n ms m cine` tnst chr aueti&mtihb systn#s$ @ssuns wittis #h`uen wiee /n `irnatey m``rnssn`, ib hr`nr th `n&nehp mb nbtirney snec*succiainbtKmrtimb ahehby ib tn cuturn$

#narnmtihb Kh`uen

Pn rnarnmtihb mrnm is ehamtn` m`9manbt th tn em/hrmthry, mb` ahbtmibs 8 PS:s,nma wit m om#n ahbshen, ms wnee ms snmtibo chr tn nbtirn arnw$ Pis rhh# meehws tn

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP 

arnw#n#/nrs th nb9hy tnir `hwbti#n mb` rnem+ wnb hcc `uty$ @t mesh meehws tn arnw thspnbt ti#n ib m enss strnsscue nb&irhb#nbt, curtnribo tn /hb`s /ntwnnb #n#/nrs$

Mireha/

 M emron mireha. snr&ns ms tn pri#mry nbtrmban th tn KQH, mb` ahbtmibs nbhuospman th sthrn mee !0 arnw#n#/nrs: spmansuits$ @b m``itihb, tn mireha. ibaeu`ns mbmuth#mtia wms systn#, wia sprmys tn spmansuits wit wmtnr, ib hr`nr th rn#h&nKmrtimb shie /nchrn tn mstrhbmuts rn#h&n tn suits$ Qua m prhanss meehws chr #ibi#meahbtmat wit tn shie$ Prnn m``itihbme mireha.s mrn ehamtn` hb tn em/hrmthry #h`uen, tnsystn#s #h`uen, mb` tn sthrmon #h`uen$ Pnsn snr&n purphsns, sua ms trmbscnrriboamroh mb` n+pnri#nbts ib mb` hut hc tn m/itmt$ M``itihbmeey, mee chur mireha.s amb mb`shue` /n usn` th n&maumtn arnw#n#/nrs ib tn n&nbt hc mb n#nronbay$

Qpman N:pehrmtihb niaen Qthrm*n

 Ci&n Qpman N+pehrmtihb Sniaens (QNSs- mrn usn` mt tn KQH$ Pnir pri#mry

cubatihb is th trmbsphrt tn arnw hb spnaicia #issihbs, sua ms onhehoiame n+pn`itihbs$ @bm``itihb, tn QNSs wiee trmbsphrt tn arnws crh# tnir rnspnati&n emb`nrs th tn KQHm/itmt, meehwibo m trnn .ieh#ntnr smcnty Jbh cey 'hbn th surrhub` tn hutphst$ Onbbht ib usn, tn QNSs wiee /n sthrn` ib tn QNS sthrmon mrnm, wia ms spnaimei'n`ahbbnatihb phibts, th rncune tn &niaens (spnaiciameey h+yonb mb` y`rhonb chr cune aneesmb` eicn supphrt-$ M``itihbmeey, tn twh sthrmon ubits wiee prhtnat tn &niaens crh#`m#mon tmt #my /n amusn` /y Kmrtimb `ust sthr#s$

QN hhes Qthrm*n

 M snpmrmtn struaturn, ehamtn` m`9manbt th tn QNS sthrmon omrmons, is `nsiobn`th sthrn tn &mrihus thhes mb` n<uip#nbt usn` ib tn ahbstruatihb hc tn hutphst$ Pn

#h`uemr ahbstruatihb n<uip#nbt wiee mesh /n sthrn` ib tis struaturn$

.hamtihb

Pn Kmrtimb Qurcman Hutphst wiee /n ehamtn` mt ahhr`ibmtns >bhrt, mb`780nmst$ Pis pemans it bnmr tn anbtnr hc tn Neysiu# Zembntim, m emron cemtemb` ehamtn`ib tn Neysiu# <um`rmbt hb Kmrs$ Pnsn ahhr`ibmtns wnrn ahsnb, `un th tn emron, cemttnrrmib ib tn rnoihb, wia wiee meehw chr tn arnw mb` amroh &niaens th emb` smcney$ Pncemt emb` wiee mesh /n aritiame ib tn ahbstruatihb hc tn ub`nrorhub` /msn nen#nbts1 tnm/snban hc mb ibaeibn` surcman wiee rn`uan tn m#hubt hc thpshie tmt #iot cmee ibth tnambbnes, `uribo ahbstruatihb$ M``itihbmeey, tn mrnm tmt ahbtmibs tn cemtemb`s is

pmrtiauemrey ria ib ub`nrorhub` wmtnr ian$ @t is i#phrtmbt tmt tn /msn aheenat wmtnr crh#tn Kmrtimb shie, ib hr`nr th suppen#nbt tn Qm/mtinr rnmathrs ibrncuneibo tn wmtnr mb` y`rhonb tmb.s hb tn hutphst$

Ciourn =4 Znranbtmons hc y`rhonb ib Kmrtimb shie!"bthbnbgh, #$=#%.&eiag th snn cuee ikmon

Ciourn #4 'en(mtihb km) hcKmrs*s 'eysiuk +um`rmbt!Kmrs -'KIQ Ikmons, b.`.%.&eiag th snn cuee )`c ikmon

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  L

 Kissihb Znrshbbne%Arn, #nsphbsilieitins

Pn KQH wiee hpnrmtn wit ibtnrbmtihbme ahhpnrmtihbcrh# tn Nurhpnmb Qpman Monbay (NQM-, \ussimb Qpman

 Monbay (\hsah#hs-, mb` tn Impmbnsn Qpman Monbay

(6MQ%M-, wit 6MQM tm.ibo tn enm` hb tn prh9nat$ Pnhcciaime emboumon hc tn ZA=H wiee /n Nboeis, ibmaahr`mban wit its 6MQM enm`nr$ Arnws hc tn ZA=H wiee/n ah#phsn` hc 70 #nb mb` 70 wh#nb crh# mby hc tnahubtrins mccieimtn` wit tn m/h&n spman monbains$ Htnr ahubtrins mrn meehwn` th snb`mstrhbmuts, hwn&nr, tny wiee /n rn<uirn` th ahhr`ibmtn wit m pmrtiaipmtibo spmanmonbay, /nchrn /nibo m`#ittn` th tn snenatihb phhe$ Mt tn KQH, mee ibtnrbmtihbme spmanemws wiee /n ib nccnat, mb` pnbmetins chr bht cheehwibo rnouemtihbs wiee /n nbchran` uphbtn arnw#n#/nr:s rnturb th nmrt$

Mstrhbmut Amb`i`ma!

Dnchrn `npehy#nbt th tn hutphst, arnw#n#/nrs #ust pmss n+tnbsi&n pysiamemb` #nbtme n+m#ibmtihbs$ Amb`i`mtns wh# #iot phsn m trnmt th tn /msn5`un th#nbtme hr pysiame ibampmaitins4ahb`itihbs5wiee /n `is<umeicin`, mehbo wit amb`i`mtnswh mrn ubm/en th pnrchr# bnanssmry tms.s chr #issihbs$ Pis is th nbsurn tmt #issihbtms.s wiee /n amrrin` hut smcney mb` maaurmtney, ms wnee ms ncciainbtey$

rmibib*

Pn arnw hc tn KQH wiee /n ah#prisn` hc hbn #issihb ah##mb`nr, ? nboibnnrs,? onhan#ists, ? onhpysias, mb` chur #n`iame spnaimeists$ Fhwn&nr, mee arnw#n#/nrswiee /n trmibn` ib /msias hc nma hc tn m/h&n cine`s$ Mee arnw#n#/nrs wiee /n trmibn` th

pnrchr# NSMs mb` hw th #mibtmib tn suits$Mativitins

Smrihus mati&itins wiee /n pnrchr#n` `uribo tn n+tnbt hc #issihbs$ Pnsn ibaeu`nonhehoia n+pn`itihbs, Kmrtimb rm`imtihb n+pnri#nbts, Kmrtimb mt#hspnrn n+pnri#nbts,wmtnr ian #ibibo prhanss #hbithribo, mb` /msn ahbstruatihb4#mibtnbmban$ Pn arnwswiee /n trmibn` ib nma hc tnsn cine`s /nchrn tnir `npehy#nbt$ M``itihbmeey tnarnw#n#/nrs wiee /n rn<uirn` th m&n ah#pentn` m #ibi#u# hc >,000 hurs pnrchr#ibosi#uemtihbs hc matume KQH mati&itins$

Kissihb Qan`uen

Pn emuba wib`hw chr m #issihb th Kmrs hbey haaurs hban n&nry twh ynmrs$Dnamusn hc tis, KQH nen#nbts #ust /n trmbsphrtn` thontnr$ Pis amb /n snnb ib tnusn hc m siboen tuo &niaen th trmbsphrt #mby amroh emb`nrs$ Pn enbot hc tis #issihbwms ahsnb, ib hr`nr th oi&n tn arnw #m+i#u# ti#n hb Kmrs:s surcman, wien oi&ibo6MQM nboibnnrs nbhuo ti#n th &nricy tmt tn tnabhehoy usn` ib tis #issihb wiee whr.ahrrnatey$ Mesh, tn arnw wiee enm&n tn KQH ib nbhuo ti#n th rnturb th Nmrt /y tn ynmr !03?$ Pn ormpia /nehw oi&ns .ny `mtns ib tn ahbstruatihb mb` hpnrmtihb hc tn KQH$

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  70

Kissihb Zmsn "mtn "nsariptihb

Ahbstruatihb

Zmsn &

Kmra !t,

!0!L

Cirst QNZ trmbscnr &niaen

pnrchr#s trmbs*Kmrs ib9natihb

/urb$

Kmra !Lt,

!0!L

Qnahb` QNZ trmbscnr &niaen

pnrchr#s trmbs*Kmrs ib9natihb

/urb$

Ahbstruatihb

Zmsn '

Kmy 3t,

!0>7

Pir` QNZ trmbscnr &niaen

pnrchr#s trmbs*Kmrs ib9natihb

/urb$

Kmy t,

!0>7

Churt QNZ trmbscnr &niaen

pnrchr#s trmbs*Kmrs ib9natihb

/urb$

Ahbstruatihb

Zmsn +

Iubn !;t,

!0>>

Cict QNZ trmbscnr &niaen

pnrchr#s trmbs*Kmrs ib9natihb

/urb$

Arn, "npmrt Kmy*Iubn

!0>>

Pn ? Hrihb &niaens emuba

mb` `ha. wit tn sn&nbt

Iuey ?t,

!0>>

Prmbscnr &niaen ah#pentns

trmbs*Kmrs ib9natihb /urb, usibo

twh I*!G ei<ui` prhpneembt

rha.nt nboibns th mssist ib

maanenrmtihb$

Hutphst Amr*h

#nsuppe!

Qnptn#/nr

7?t, !0>?

7st amroh #issihb pnrchr#s

trmbs*Kmrs ib9natihb /urb$6h&n#/nr

7Lt, !0>;

!b` pnrchr#s trmbs*Kmrs

ib9natihb /urb$

Imbumry

!b`, !030

>r` pnrchr#s trmbs*Kmrs

ib9natihb /urb$

Cn/rumry

8t, !03!

3t pnrchr#s trmbs*Kmrs

ib9natihb /urb$

Arn, #nturb Kmra 8*

;t, !033

Pn ? KMSs emuba ibth #mrs

hr/it mb` `ha. wit tn Prmbscnr 

&niaen$

Kmra 77t

,!033

Pn cueey arnwn` trmbscnr&niaen usns tn QNZ ubit mb`

tn I*!G rha.nt nboibn th

pnrchr# tn trmbs*Kmrs

ib9natihb /urb$

Qnptn#/nr 

*

6h&n#/nr,

Arnw rnturbs th =NH$ Qhrtey

mctnr, tn ? Hrihb &niaens wiee

`ha. wit tn trmbscnr &niaen$

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  77

!033 Pnsn ? &niaens wiee amrry ?

mstrhbmuts nma5peus amroh5

`uribo rn*nbtry mb` emb`ibo$

Kissihb #is/s

Pn ahbstruatihb mb` haaupmtihb hc tn KQH wiee bht /n phssi/en, withut tnprnsnban hc ris.s$ Cmathrs, sua ms rm`imtihb, n<uip#nbt cmieurn, #iarh#ntnhrhi` i#pmat,mb` ah##ubiamtihb `icciauetins amb prh&n cmtme ic bht mb`en` prhpnrey$ Ms m rnsuet, striat#nmsurns #ust /n tm.nb th #itiomtn tnsn ris.s$

#m`imtihb

\m`imtihb is chub` me#hst n&nrywnrn ib tn ubi&nrsn$ Ah#phsn` hc su/mth#ia

pmrtiaens mb` wm&ns trm&neibo mt io spnn`s, rm`imtihb phsns m ahbsi`nrm/en trnmt thu#mbs trm&neibo ib spman$ Pnsn pmrtiaens amb /n h/snr&n` rm`imtibo crh# n&nrytibo ibtn nb&irhb#nbt, ibaeu`ibo shie, rha.s, trnns, mb` n&nb u#mbs (%urmbtn, !073-$ Quapmrtiaens mb` wm&ns mrn m trnmt th tn nmet hc mstrhbmuts, mb` amb arippen tn ncchrtshc m #issihb wit its mr#cue tnb`nbains thwmr`s tn u#mb /h`y$

Dnamusn hc tn m/snban hc Nmrt:s #mobntia cine`, mstrhbmuts wh &nbturnnesnwnrn ib tn shemr systn# n+pnrinban ionr en&nes hc rm`imtihb tmb thsn chub` hbnmrt$ Hb Nmrt, u#mbs rnani&n m/hut 7 #ieeisin&nrt hc rm`imtihb pnr ynmr$ Hb Kmrs:surcman, u#mbs wiee rnani&n !00 ti#ns tmt m#hubt, hr !00 #ieeisin&nrts pnr ynmr$ Pn#hst rm`imtihb is nbahubtnrn` ib spman, hwn&nr, wnrn mstrhbmuts whue` rnani&n h&nr;00 #ieeisin&nrts pnr ynmr (%urmbtn, !073-$ Pn situmtihb ib spman mb` hb Kmrs iswhrsnbn` /y tn typns hc rm`imtihb tmt u#mbs whue` rnani&n$ \m`imtihb ib spman isah#phsn` hc #ua `nbsnr pmrtiaens, sua ms "mematia Ahs#ia \mys ("A\-, wiaambbht /n sthppn` /y #h`nrb*`my sine`ibo$ Kmtnrimes sua ms enm` prh&n th /nm'mr`hus ms wnee, /namusn hc its io bu#/nr su/mth#ia pmrtiaens, wia amb rnenmsn`uphb i#pmat wit io nbnroy pmrtiaens mb` "A\$ Qhemr n&nbts, sua ms Ahrhbme KmssN9natihbs rnenmsn emron m#hubts hc io*nbnroy prhthbs mb` nm&y ihbs ibth spman$

Nccnats

Pn nccnats hc io rm`imtihb en&nes hb tn u#mb /h`y amb /n pnr#mbnbt mb`4hrcmtme$ Pn pnbntrmtihb hc ei&ibo anees /y io*nbnroy pmrtiaens amb enm&n trmies hc `m#mon,

wia, h&nrti#n, amb rnsuet ib ambanrhus #utmtihbs$ %6M is ioey susanpti/en th io*nbnroy pmrtiaens, haamsihbmeey /rnm.ibo mpmrt wnb pmrtiaens pmss trhuo tn anees$ Pis`m#mon th %6M ibarnmsns tn ambans hc ambanrhus #utmtihbs ib mstrhbmuts mb` ambprh&n cmtme$

Qine`ib* mb` #is/ Kiti*mtihb

Pnrn mrn twh typn hc rm`imtihb sine`ibo1 mati&n mb` pmssi&n$ Zmssi&n sine`iboibaeu`ns tn usn hc #mtnrimes, sua ms pheyntyenbn, meu#ibu#, mb`4hr enm` th sthp

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  7!

rm`imtihb crh# pnbntrmtibo spmanarmct$ %ism`&mbtmons hc usibo pmssi&n sine`ibo wniotmb` nccnati&nbnss$ Ms io nbnroy pmrtiaens mb` wm&ns stri.n m spmanarmct:s sine`ibo, mbu#/nr hc pmrtiaens mrn rnenmsn` ibth tn spmanarmct, `un th tn trmbscnrrn` nbnroy$Pnsn pmrtiaens mesh trm&ne mt io spnn`s, methuo enss tmt tn hrioibme i#pmathrs$ Pnsnahb` typn hc sine`ibo is mati&n sine`ibo, mb` ahbsists hc m #mobntia cine`, sua ms

tmt hb Nmrt$ Pis typn hc sine`ibo whue` rn<uirn emron m#hubts hc nenatriaity, mb` ahue`phtnbtimeey /n `m#moibo th nenatrhbia n<uip#nbt$ M``itihbmeey, tn mati&n sine`ibotnabhehoins #ust /n m`&mban`, /nchrn its mppeiamtihb ib #issihbs$

Chr tn n+tnbt hc tn KQH #issihb, tn mstrhbmuts wiee /n prhtnatn` /y tn#m9hrity hc tnsn pmrtiaens$ Oien trm&neibo /ntwnnb nmrt mb` Kmrs, tn D>>0 m/itmtsm&n /nnb n<uippn` wit `nbsn rm`imtihb sine`ibo tmt is 0$38# tia. (JD>>0, b$`$-$

Kntnhrhi` <kpmats

%un th tn ema. hc mb mt#hspnrn ib spman, trieeihbs hc s#mee pmrtiaens hc `ust, rha.mb` htnr #mtnrimes mrn nbm/en` th #mibtmib io spnn`s chr ehbo pnrih`s hc ti#n$ Pnsn

pmrtiaens amb trnmtnb tn ibtnority hc m spmanarmct ic tny i#pmat mt io &nehaitins$ @ctnsn wnrn th pubaturn tn uee hc m spmanarmct, tis ahue` amusn `nprnssuri'mtihb, mb`rnsuet ib tn chran` m/mb`hb#nbt hc tmt spmanarmct$ =mronr h/9nats ahue` `nstrhyspmanarmct nbtirney, rnsuetibo ib tn ehss hc arnw#n#/nrs, ms wnee ms sainbticia `mtm$

Qine`ib* mb` #is/ Kiti*mtihb

Pnrn mrn aurrnbt #nth`s hc prhtnatibo spmanarmct crh# #ntnhrhi` i#pmats,ibaeu`ibo tia. sine`ibo mb` ibsuemtihb hb spmanarmct, ms wnee ms trma.ibo systn#s suams 6NMP (6nmr Nmrt Mstnrhi` Prma.ibo-$ Ph #itiomtn tn trnmt tmt tis phsn` thmstrhbmuts `uribo tn ehbo trip th Kmrs, tn chur DM*>>0 m/itmts m&n 0$38# tia. hc

sine`ibo th prhtnat crh# aheeisihbs wit tiby pmrtiaens (JD>>0, b$`$-$ M``itihbmeey, rm`mrsystn#s wiee /n put ib peman th `ntnat mb` m&hi` emonr h/9nats$ Oien hb Kmrs:s surcman,tn mt#hspnrn wiee /n succiainbt ib prhtnatibo tn arnw crh# pmrtiaens$

Ahkkubiamtihb <ssuns

Pn `istmban /ntwnnb #mrs mb` nmrt phsns m prh/en# chr ah##ubiamtihbsystn#s$ %nemys ib ah##ubiamtihb wiee rn<uirn arnw#n#/nrs th mssnss situmtihbs mb`#itiomtn issuns wit ei#itn` ibtnr&nbtihb crh# ahbtrheenrs hb nmrt$ %nemys hc up th !0#ibutns chr m #nssmon th rnma Kmrs wiee rn<uirn tn #m9hrity hc arnw hpnrmtihb thrn#mib ib`npnb`nbt hc orhub` ahbtrheenrs: ah##mb`s$

#is/ Kiti*mtihb

Pnrn mrn bnw i#prh&n#nbts wit emsnr ah##ubiamtihb systn#s, wia ambi#prh&n tn rnemy ti#n hc #nssmons th Kmrs, mb` wiee nbm/en nmsinr ah##ubiamtihb ibtn cuturn$ 6MQM rnanbtey /rh.n rnahr`s wit its =ubmr =msnr Ah##ubiamtihb%n#hbstrmtihb (==A%-, wia usn` m puesn` emsnr /nm# th trmbs#it `mtm h&nr !>L,000#iens, /ntwnnb tn #hhb mb` Nmrt mt m rmtn hc 8!! #nom/its pnr snahb` (K/ps- (Dua.E Omsibothb, !07>-$ Pn `istmban /ntwnnb Kmrs mb` Nmrt wiee stiee rn<uirn tmt m

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  7>

#m9hrity hc arnw mati&itins /n pnrchr#n` withut Kissihb Ahbtrhe:s `irnatihb$ Mstrhbmutswiee, hwn&nr, rnani&n prhpnr trmibibo mb` ibstruatihb hb hw th ahpn wit tis issun$

"isaussihb%Ahbaeusihb

Pn Kmrs Qurcman Hutphst wiee /n m /io stnp ib tn `irnatihb hc m snec*sustmibiboKmrtimb /msn$ %nsiobn` th emst mt enmst 7? ynmrs, it wiee prh&i`n #ua bnn`n` n+pnrinbanib tn pembbibo mb` ah#pentihb hc Kmrs surcman mati&itins$ KQH wiee /n ahbstruatn`ub`nrorhub`, ib trnn pmsns, nma wit twh trmbscnr tuos amrryibo amroh$ Pnn+pnrinban mb` ibchr#mtihb omtnrn` crh# tis /msn wiee /n ib&meum/en th 6MQM, mb` wieepm&n tn wmy chr m /riot cuturn wit snec*succiainbt ahehbins hb Kmrs$

\ncnrnbans

 Mbthbnb.h, @$ (!07!, Imbumry !;-$ =mron M#hubts hc Omtnr @an Chub` ̂ b`nrorhub` hb

Kmrs$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 7, !07?, crh# ttp144www$ubi&nrsnth`my$ah#4L>0?L4emron*m#hubts*hc*wmtnr*ian*chub`*ub`nrorhub`*hb*#mrs4

D>>0$ (b$`$-$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 78, !07?, crh# ttp144/ionehwmnrhspman$ah#4

Dionehw Mirspman Pna Qpnas$ (b$`$-$ \ntrin&n` Cn/rumry !, !07?, crh#ttp144i#mons$spmanrnc$ah#4bnws4!0774/ionehw$art'$is`a$p`c 

Dua., I$, E Omsibothb, %$ (!07>, Hath/nr !!-$ 6MQM =msnr Ah##ubiamtihb Qystn#Qnts \nahr` wit %mtm Prmbs#issihbs th mb` crh# Khhb$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 7;,!07?, crh# ttp144www$bmsm$oh&4prnss4!07>4hath/nr4bmsm*emsnr*ah##ubiamtihb*systn#*snts*rnahr`*wit*`mtm*trmbs#issihbs*th*mb`*crh#4$SPoniCSi.h

Amrthhb \ha.ntsip Aeip Mrt$ (!073, Mprie !-$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 77, !07?, crh#ttp144www$aeipmrtehr`$ah#4crnn*amrthhb*rha.ntsip*aeip*mrt*!4

%ub/mr, D$ (!00;, Muoust !-$ Am#pibo hb tn Khhb Oiee Dn Hbn Cmr Hut N+pnrinban$\ntrin&n` Cn/rumry !, !07?, crh#ttp144www$bmsm$oh&4n+pehrmtihb4h#n4ibcemtm/en*eubmr*m/$t#e

%urmbtn, K$ (!073, Iubn >0-$ Ahs#ia \m`imtihb * m shwsthppnr chr spman n+pehrmtihbB\ntrin&n` Kmra !?, !07?, crh# ttp144tn`+tme.s$tn`$ah#4&i`nh4Ahs#ia*\m`imtihb*m*shwsthppnrsnmra>Mtmo>M!!PN%+\nibKmib!!

Neysiu# Zembitim$ (!008, Hath/nr 7-$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 7?, !07?, crh#ttp144pembntmrybm#ns$wr$usos$oh&4Cnmturn47;3

Crh##nrt, F$ (!00, Kmy !;-$ Kmrs Hpphsitihbs$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 7?, !07?, crh#ttp144spi`nr$sn`s$hro4spi`nr4Kmrs4#mrshpps$t#e

"m##m %namy$ (!073, Imbumry 7-$ \ntrin&n` Kmra !L, !07?, crh#ttp144an#istry$tuthr&istm$ah#4buaenmr*an#istry4om##m*`namy$t#e

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KM\Q Q^\CMAN H^PZHQP  7

Fhw `hns tn Kmrs /msn ah##ubiamtn wit NmrtB * Pnabhehoy * Kmrs Hbn$ (b$`$-$\ntrin&n` Mprie 7;, !07?, crh# ttp144www$#mrs*hbn$ah#4cm<4tnabhehoy4hw*`hns*tn*#mrs*/msn*ah##ubiamtn*wit*nmrt

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\ntrin&n` Mprie 7L, !07?, crh#ttp144www$bmsm$oh&4sitns4`ncmuet4ciens470330#mibnaess$p`c 

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Hrihb Kmib Nboibn$ (b$`$-$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 7L, !07?, crh# ttp144www$rha.nt$ah#4hrihb*#mib*nboibn

Zemstia Qpmansips * 6MQM Qainban$ (!00?, Muoust !?-$ \ntrin&n` Kmra !?, !07?, crh#ttp144sainban$bmsm$oh&4sainban*bnws4sainban*mt*bmsm4!00?4!?muopemstiaspmansips4

Qainban * Kmrs N+pehrmtihb Zrhorm#$ (b$`$-$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 77, !07?, crh#ttp144#mrs$9pe$bmsm$oh&4prhorm##issihbs4sainban4

Pmtn, 2$ (!07>, Kmy >0-$ Fhw \m`imtihb ib Qpman Zhsns m Prnmt th Fu#mb N+pehrmtihb(@bchormpia- ] Qpman$ah#$ \ntrin&n` Kmra !L, !07?, crh#ttp144www$spman$ah#4!7>?>*spman*rm`imtihb*#mrs*#issihb*trnmt$t#e

^b`nrstmb`ibo Qpman \m`imtihb$ (!00!, Hath/nr 7-$ \ntrin&n` Kmra !L, !07?, crh#

ttp144spmanceiot$bmsm$oh&4spmanbnws4cmatsnnts4p`cs4rm`imtihb$p`c 

Oieeim#s, %$ (!00?, Imbumry 8-$ Qurcman Qystn#s$ \ntrin&n` Mprie 7?, !07?, crh#ttp144bss`a$osca$bmsm$oh&4pembntmry4#mrs4#mrssurc$t#e