Mars: Second Order Landscapes
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Transcript of Mars: Second Order Landscapes
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
Geography 441/541S/15
Dr. Christine M. Rodrigue
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Other Great Volcanic Rise– Elysium
– “Only” 6 km thick– “Only” 2,000 km across
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Second Order Landscapes
• Hecates Tholus• Elysium Mons• Albor Tholus
– MEX HRSC
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Volcanic Rises– Elysium
• Recent volcanic activity: Hecates
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Volcanic Rises– Elysium
• Glacial features on Hecates? Argued to be snow derived during an ice age produced by a greater obliquity
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Second Order: Valles Marineris
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Second Order: Valles Marineris
• By comparison– Viking VIS; USA overlay: R. Klein, Cornell
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Second Order: Valles Marineris
• Subsidiary chasmata– Viking VIS; Malin Space Science Systems
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Valles Marineris
– Faulting/rifting– Not your ordinary grand canyon (east end is actually
higher than the middle)– Valles cut into layered material (sediments? lava?)– Extensional rifting (perhaps like East Africa? or not)– Some sign of shear faulting (like San Andreas?)– Pitting (suggests extension)– Alcoves (suggesting subsurface flow)– Landsliding widens the rifts– Massive jökulhlaup-like outflows
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes• The Great Canyons
– Valles Marineris– Looks like a canyon draining into Margaritifer and then Chryse– But look at the elevations of the central and eastern ends
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Valles Marineris
– Layering in walls of Melas Chasma
– Dunes covering floor
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Valles Marineris
– Layering in walls of Hebes Chasma– And in Candor Chasma below
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Valles Marineris
– Layering in Coprates Chasma (HiRISE)
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Valles Marineris
– Extensional rifting in Tithonium Chasma– Pitting (suggests extension)
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Valles Marineris
– Extensional rifting in Coprates Chasma and Catena– Pitting (suggests extension)
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• Rifting elsewhere– Cerberus Fossæ
– Seem tectonic: faulting– Lava flow from a fissure?
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Landslides
• South Candor Chasma
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Landslides
• Noctis Labyrinthus
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Melas, Candor, Ophir Chasmata
– Theatre-headed tributaries– Like Canyonlands, Utah– Sapping of groundwater
C.M. Rodrigue, 2015Geography, CSULB
Mars: Second Order Landscapes
• The Great Canyons– Ius Chasma
– Theatre-headed tributaries– Sapping of groundwater