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UTOPIA OR REALITY?

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I. Project overviewI. ConceptII. Roadmap

II. Feasibility of the projectI. FundingII. TechnologyIII. Supply & Safety

III. A controversial ProjectI. RisksII. Ethics

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PROJECT OVERVIEW

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Mars One: Concept

Organisation based in Netherlands! Created by Bas Lansdorp in 2011

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Ideas! Establish a permanent human settlement on Mars in 2024

" 6 crews of 4 people

$ Every step of the crews journey will be documented fora reality television program

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Mars One: Concept

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Landers

Solar pannels

Rover

PERMANENT SETTLEMENT = NO RETURN

Inflatable Sections

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Roadmap

2013 - Start crew recruiting

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Online application 200 000 applicants

1st round 1058 selected

Medical selection

2nd round 24 people chosen

2015 - Start crew training! Technical training

! Personal training! Group training

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Roadmap

2018 Demonstration mission launched! Test technologies

! ComSat launched

2020 Rover+Trailer launched! Rover used to transport the Landers

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Roadmap

2022 Cargo missions launched! 2 Living Units! 2 Supply Units! 2 Life Support Systems (LSS)

2023 2025! Rover picks up the Cargo Units and connects them

! The LSS is activated# Produces water, oxygen, electricity

! Rovers deposits soil on inflatable sections for RadiationShielding

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Roadmap

2025 First humans land on Mars! Picked up by the rover to the camp! Acclimatisation period! Set up food production Units

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FEASABILITY OF THE PROJECT

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Fundings

Mars One estimation: 6 billions $

NASA estimation: 200-300 billions $

Most of the fundings will come from TV rights:! US TV contracts should be signed soon

! Crowd funding campaign on the website

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VAGUE FUNDINGS

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Technology

Launcher: Space X Falcon Heavy! First launch expected in 2014! Payload to Mars: 13 200 kg

Transit Vehicle! Landing module based on Dragon

(Space X)! Transit Habitat

Landing! Retrorockets! No parachute because of Mars

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Technology

How to make a Transit Vehicle of 13200 kg?! Landing module mass: 5000 kg

# Dragon dry mass: 4200 kg

! Crew mass: 280 kg! Consumable mass: 3315 kg

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Items Consumption(kg/pers/day)

TOTAL (kg)4 pers, 270 days

Water 2.7 Recycled: 75.6

Oxygen 0.8 864

Food 1.7 1836

Clothes 0.5 540

TOTAL 5.7 3315

4600 kg:

- transit habitat- propellant- Solar pannels

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Technology: Demonstration mission

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Communication satelliteon areostationnary orbit Lander

Key mission to ensure the feasibility

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Technology: Demonstration mission (2)

Goals:! Prove water extraction efficiency! Prove solar panels efficiency! Test the communication system (relay high bandwidth data)

Similar lander as 2007 NASA Phoenix mission(successful)

Crowd funding (400 000$ ) helps for this mission! Cost of conceptual study: 256 000$ & 80 000$! Study carried out by Lockheed Martin & Surrey Satellite

Technology Ltd 16

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Safety: Radiations

The magnetosphere protects the Earth from radiation

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Sources:

! Solar Wind

! Solar flares

! Comsic radiations

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Safety: Radiations (2)

H = Q x D! D is the absorbed dose (Gray)! Q dimensionless factor! H equivalent dose on biological tissue (Sievert)

Unit of radiation: 1 Gray = 1 Joule/kg! Biological dose measured in Sievert

0.5 mSv $ radiography

1 Sv % 5% increase in fatal cancer risk18

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Safety: Radiations (3)

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During the trip:! 1.8 mSv/day! 0.48 Sv (270 days trip)

On mars:! 0.64 mSv/day

( without shielding)

Overall < 1 Sv# with ESA standards

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Solar Particle Events (SPE)

Short in time (few days)

Dangerous Rare event

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Dedicated radiation shelterduring the journey to Mars

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Supply: Life Support System

Water :! Extracted from soil + mostly recycled! 1500L in 500 days from extraction

Breathable air :! Oxygen from electrolysis of water! Nitrogen (80% of Earths air) taken from Martian atmosphere

Food : indoor plant growing (hydroponic production)

Electricity : solar panels21

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A CONTROVERSIAL PROJECT22

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Risks

Can they think about everything in10 years andrespect all the security processes?

! Life on Mars will be very different from life on the ISS

At what percentage of success, the SafetyComission can let the mission happen?

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LIMITED BUDGET = SECURITY/COST BALANCE

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Risks

What happens if there is a problem in the cruise?! Problem during the journey to Mars: Can we return to

Earth?

! Problem on Mars: No return possible & No real-timecommunication (10 min delay)

# Sick people# Injuries# Insanity

What happens if the organisation goes bankrupt?! Decline of audience implies decrease of funding! Harming the expedition

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Ethics

Can we use these people as guinea pigs?

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What is the limit for lettingsomeone decides about a one-way trip to Mars ?

12 years-old girl dreams about bepart of Mars One project

Alyssa Carson as a Youth Ambassador of Mars One.

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Conclusion

Fantasy project! No reliable fundings! No need for new technologies: FALSE! Low rate of success

Extraordinary project! Modern Christopher Columbus! Spatial conquest! Solar System Exploration! Renew interest in pursuing required technologies

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Thank you for your attention

Any questions ?

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References

Measurements of Energetic Particle Radiation in Transit to Mars on the Mars ScienceLaboratory C. Zeitlin, D. M. Hassler, F. A. Cucinotta, B. Ehresmann, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, D. E. Brinza, S. Kang, G. Weigle, S. Bttcher, E. Bhm, S. Burmeister, J.Guo, J. Khler, C. Martin, A. Posner, S. Rafkin, and G. Reitz Science 31 May 2013: 340(6136), 1080-1084. 2

Space Radiation Cancer Risk Projections and Uncertainties F. A. Cucinotta, L.Chappell, M. Y. Kim 2012 (NASA Technical Paper 2013-217375, NASA STI Program,Hampton, VA, 2013)

MARS network: Strategy for deploying enabling telecommunications capabilities formars exploration. C.D. Edwards, J.T. Adams and al. Working group summary of Lunarand Planetary Institute (TX, 2013).

Mars One official website (mars-one.com)

Lecture notes from the course about spatial environments and systems by Michel fromISAE-Supaero.

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