MARRIAGE OF ECONOMICS AND GEOGRAPHY

IMMIGRATION, PLACES, PRODUCTION

Geography End of Course• For more information, please see…

• http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/staar/

PLACES AND PRODUCTION

SOURCE: GEOGRAPHYFOCUS ON ECONOMICS

PRESENTER• LAURA EWING• TEXAS COUNCIL ON ECONOMIC

EDUCATION• 1801 ALLEN PARKWAY HOUSTON 77019• LAURA@ECONOMICSTEXAS.ORG• WWW.ECONOMICSTEXAS.ORG

WHAT DO THESE MEAN?

GDPGNP

DEFINITIONS• GDP: THE TOTAL MARKET VALUE OF

ALL FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED IN AN ECONOMY IN A GIVEN YEAR.

• GNP: THE TOTAL MARKET VALUE OF ALL FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED BY AN ECONOMY IN A GIVEN YEAR

WHY FINAL VALUE?• VALUE OF SUGAR, FLOUR, EGGS• VALUE OF FINISHED PRODUCT:

COOKIES

• WHY?

WHICH COUNTRY IS RICHER?

•COUNTRY A GDP $100,000,000

•COUNTRY B GDP $200,000,000

WHICH COUNTRY IS RICHER?

GDP• COUNTRY A $100,000,000• COUNTRY B $200,000,000

POPULATION• COUNTRY A = 1,000,000 PEOPLE• COUNTRY B = 3,000,000 PEOPLE

PER CAPITA GDP• THE TOTAL MARKET VALUE PER

PERSON OF ALL FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED IN AN ECONOMY IN A GIVEN YEAR.

•

ACTIVITY 1: GDP• PLEASE READ THE ARTICLE• WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF GDP

HERE?• WHAT ROLE DOES MEASURE OF VALUE

PLAY?• WHAT IS DOUBLE COUNTING?• WHAT ARE FLOW OF PRODUCT

APPROACH AND EARNINGS AND COST APPROACH?

GDP• GDP = C + I + G + (X-M)• C = CONSUMERS• I = INVESTMENTS• G = GOVERNMENT• EXPORTS = EXPORTS – IMPORTS• U. S. POPULATION IN 1993 = $24,683• WHAT DOES GDP NOT TELL US?

WHAT IS A CHOROPLETH MAP? ACTIVITY 2

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS?

SOUTH AMERICAN MAP• THE GDP PER CAPITA OF CANADA IS

BETWEEN $_____ AND $_____.• FOUR COUNTRIES WITH GDP PER

CAPITA BETWEEN $15,000 AND $19,999 ARE:

• THE NATIONS OF SOUTH AMERICA HAVE GDP PER CAPITA BETWEEN $___ AND $___.

HOW WOULD YOU SET UP A• CHOROPLETH MAP OF SOUTH

AMERICA? PAGES 58 AND 59

• ENRICHMENT: CHOOSE A COUNTRY WITH A LOW GDP AND ONE WITH A HIGH GDP. SET UP A CHOROPLETH MAP TO SHOW THE DIFFERENCE. ALSO, VISUALLY DEPICT THE CAUSES OF THESE DIFFERENCES.

Push and Pull FactorsPUSH PULL

Costs of present location that drive people away

Benefits of new location because it has advantages

“In 2002 the United Nations estimated that around 175 million people, or about 3% of the world’s population, resided in a country different from their country of birth.”

THE ECONOMICS OF IMMIGRATION

• EXAMINE AN ECONOMIC MYSTERY AS TO WHY SWEDISH FARMERS MIGHT HAVE COME TO THE U.S. IN 1880

• STUDY VISUALS TO DETERMINE YOUR ANSWER

• USE SUPPLY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS TO EXPLAIN WHY THE KING TRIED TO CONVINCE THEM TO RETURN

DISCUSS VISUAL I• WHY DO YOU THINK SWEDISH IMMIGRANTS

WOULD ABANDON THEIR LANDS IN SWEDEN TO COME TO THE U.S. IN LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY?

• CHOICES BASED ON:– MOST ADVANTAGEOUS COMBINATION OF COSTS

AND BENEFITS– PEOPLE RESPOND TO INCENTIVES IN

PREDICTABLE WAYS– RULE OF THE ECO SYSTEM AND THEIR INFLUENCE

ON CHOICES AND INCENTIVES

VISUAL TWO• REVIEW THE STATISTICS• ESTIMATE HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS

ARRIVED IN THE U.S. BETWEEN 1871-1920. WHAT HAPPENED IN THE 1870’S AND 1880’S AND 1916-1920 THAT HAD AN IMPACT ON IMMIGRATION?

REMINDERS• THE MARKETS ALLOCATE SCARCE

RESOURCES. WHAT ARE THE SCARCE RESOURCES HERE?

• WHAT ROLE DO IMMIGRANTS PLAY?• WHAT ROLE DO EMPLOYERS PLAY?

VISUAL TWO: MIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES

• WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN PUSH FACTORS?

• WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN PULL FACTORS?

• WHAT WERE THE EXPECTED BENEFITS AND COSTS FOR THE SWEDISH FARMERS?

• IF YOU HAD LIVED THEN, WOULD YOU HAVE MIGRATED TO THE U.S? EXPLAIN.

WHAT CAUSED A RETURN TO SWEDEN?

• WHY WOULD SUCCESSFUL SWEDISH FARMERS DECIDE TO RETURN TO SWEDEN?

• VIEW VISUAL 3

P5P4P3P2P1

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5

DEMAND

SUPP

LY 1

SUPP

LY 2

CLOSURE• IN WHAT WAYS CAN IMMIGRATION BE

VIEWED AS ACTION TAKING PLACE WITHIN AN INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF BUYERS AND SELLERS?

• WHY DID IMMIGRANTS COME TO THE UNITED STATES?