“Market analysis of Branded Shoes available in Ghazipur City”

SURVEY PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED TO

VEER BAHADUR SINGH PURVANCHAL UNIVERSITY, JAUNPUR

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted by Under the supervision of

Abhishek Yadav Mr. Karunendra Pratap Singh

BBA 4th SEMESTER (Assistant Professor)

ROLL NO. 1304 DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

2011

TECHNICAL EDUCTION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Post-Graduate College, Ravindrapuri

Ghazipur – 233001

CertificateThis is to certify that Abhishek Yadav Pursuing BBA 4th Semester from this institute,

has prepared the survey project report entitled “Market analysis of Branded Shoes available in

Ghazipur City” in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Bachelor of Business

Administration from Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur During the session

2010-2011.

This report is based on survey project undertaken by Mr. Abhishek Yadav under my

supervision during the course of fourth semester and fulfills the requirements relating to the

nature and standard of BBA course of V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur.

I recommend that this project may be sent for evaluation.

Rahul Anand Singh Mr. Karunendra Pratap Singh

Associate Professor & Head (Assistant Professor)

Dept. of Business Administration DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

DECLARATION

I Abhishek Yadav hereby declare that this survey project report entitled “Market

analysis of Branded Shoes available in Ghazipur City” Has been prepared by me on the basis

of survey done during the course of my fourth semester BBA programme under the supervision

of Mr. Karunendra Pratap Singh Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, TERI,

P.G.College, Ghazipur.

This survey project is my bonafide work and has not been submitted in any University of

Institute for the award of any degree or diploma prior to the under mentioned date. I bear the

entire responsibility of submission of this project report.

April 2011 Abhishek Yadav

BBA 4TH SEMSETER

Department of Business Administration

Technical Education & Research Institute

P.G. College, Ghazipur

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Karunendra Pratap Singh (Lectures,

T.E.R.I. P.G. College Ghazipur) who supervise and guide me entire whole Research Report

premarital.

I am grateful to Prof. Rahul Anand Singh (HOD-BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

T.E.R.I., P.G. College, Ghazipur) and Dr. D.N. Singh (Director T.E.R.I. P.G. College, Ghazipur)

for their support & encouragement.

I would also like to thanks to all the respondents who directly provide the data for

Research Report & support during the survey.

Place: Abhishek Yadav

Date: Roll Number: 1304

CONTENTS

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Objective

CHAPTER 2

Research Methodology

Limitation

CHAPTER 3

Data analysis & Interpretations

CHAPTER 4

Finding

CHAPTER 5

Conclusion

CHAPTER 6

Annexures

Bibliography

PREFACE

B.B.A programme is one of the most reputed professional courses in the field of

management. This course includes both theory and its application contents of curriculum. Project

Report is an integral part of the B.B.A. program at “V.B.S. Purvanchal University Jaunpur”

Each student is required to prepare research report in his or her IVth semester. This programmed

intends to get familiar with practical aspect of management through survey. The importance of

any academic course would give advantage and acceptance of the true from only through

practical experience. The topic assigned for the research report is “Market analysis of Branded

Shoes available in Ghazipur City” I know the opinion of the sample by personal interview &

questionnaire. The Research programmed is an integral constant of the cause curriculum of

programmed in Management. This survey is divided into forth chapters. Each chapter has its

own relevance and importance.

The chapters are divided and defined in a logical, systematic and scientific manner to

cover every nook and corner of the topic. The Introductory stage of this survey report is based on

introduction of Branded Shoes, its objective, importance, scope & limitation.

Second chapter dealt with Research Methodology. The process of carrying out the

whole research problem is defined in it. It contains information about the methods of data

collection, sampling, sample design, Data analysis & interpretation.

Third chapter is finding and conclusion. Contains the findings and conclusion of the

study. This based on the data analyzed and interrelated in previous chapters. This is the most

important section of the report, for repot is evaluated on the validity and correctness of its

findings. Depicted conclusion which concludes the whole repot, that is, gives a brief description

of the process employed so far. It also showed annexure which contains a format of the

questionnaire used for the purpose of data collection.

Fourth Chapter one title bibliography contains the list of sources from where the matter

and information is collected. It contains the list of books, author, volume number, issue year,

publisher etc.

SHOES BRANDA shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot while doing

various activities. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration. The design of shoes has varied

enormously through time and from culture to culture, with appearance originally being tied to

function. Additionally fashion has often dictated many design elements, such as whether shoes

have very high heels or flat ones. Contemporary footwear varies widely in style, complexity and

cost. Basic sandals may consist of only a thin sole and simple strap. High fashion shoes may be

made of very expensive materials in complex construction and sell for thousands of dollars a

pair. Other shoes are for very specific purposes, such as boots specially designed for

mountaineering or skiing.Shoes have traditionally been made from leather, wood or canvas, but

are increasingly made from rubber, plastics, and other petrochemical-derived materials. Until

recent years, shoes were not worn by most of the world's population—largely because they could

not afford them. Only with the advent of mass production, making shoes available very cheaply,

has shoe-wearing become predominant. The foot contains more bones than any other single part

of the body. Though it has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years in relation to vastly

varied terrain and climate conditions, the foot is still vulnerable to environmental hazards such as

sharp rocks and hot ground, which shoes can protect against.

History

The earliest known shoes are sandals dating from about 8000 to 7000 BC and found in Oregon,

USA in 1938. The world's oldest leather shoe, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a

leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in a cave in Armenia in 2008 and is

believed to date to 3,500 BC. Ötzi the Iceman's shoes, dating to 3,300 BC, featured brown

bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark-string net, which pulled tight around the foot.

However, tanned leather, the material most commonly used for making shoes, does not normally

last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical

anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the

period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the

bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that

wearing shoes resulted in less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes. The earliest designs

were simple affairs, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and

cold. Since shoes use more leather than sandals, their use was more common in cold climates. By

the Middle Ages, turn-shoes had been developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings to tighten the

leather around the foot for a better fit. As Europe gained in wealth and power, fancy shoes

became status symbols. Toes became long and pointed, often to ridiculous proportions. Artisans

created unique footwear for rich patrons, and new styles developed. Eventually the modern shoe,

with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-

on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Until around 1800, shoes

were made without differentiation for the left or right foot. Such shoes are now referred to as

"straights".[Only gradually did the modern foot-specific shoe become standard. Since the mid-

20th Century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed

manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques.

Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in

expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were

once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on.

Dress and casual

Dress shoes are characterized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow

sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and

wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress

shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but

not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings,

but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe

featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a

shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be

referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or

zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.

Men's

Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:

Oxfords (also referred as "Balmorals"): the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces

are attached; also known as "closed lacing". The word "Oxford" is sometimes used by

American clothing companies to market shoes that are not Balmorals, such as Blüchers.

Blüchers (American), Derbys (British): the laces are tied to two pieces of leather

independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing" and is a step down in

dressiness.

Monk-straps : a buckle and strap instead of lacing

Slip-ons : There are no lacings or fastenings. The popular loafers are part of this category,

as well as less popular styles, such as elastic-sided shoes.

Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:

Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.

Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most

popular decoration.

Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel,

the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both

balmoral and blucher styles, but are considered slightly less formal.

Formal high-end men's shoes are manufactured by several companies around the world, most

notably in England, France, Italy, and America. Notable British brands include: Church's English

Shoes (est. 1873), John Lobb Bootmaker (est. 1849), Edward Green Shoes (est. 1890), and

Crockett & Jones (est. 1879). Both John Lobb and Edward Green offer bespoke products. In

between the world wars, men's footware received significant innovation and design, led by

cobblers and cordwainers in London's West End. The most notable French product is made by

J.M. Weston. Armani of Italy was a major influence on men's shoe design in the 1960s-1980s

until they returned to the larger proportions of its forebears, the welt-constructed Anglo-

American dress shoe originally created in Edwardian England. Another well-known Italian

company is Salvatore Ferragamo Italia S.p.A.. The remaining elite American companies are

Allen Edmonds and Alden Shoe Company. Alden, located in New England, specializes in

genuine shell cordovan leather from the only remaining horse tannery in America (Chicago) and

is completely manufactured in America, whereas Allen Edmonds, of Wisconsin, is a larger

company that outsources some of its production.

Shoe sizeA shoe size is an alphanumerical indication of the fitting size of a shoe for a person. Often it just

consists of a number indicating the length because many shoemakers only provide a standard

width for economic reasons. There are several different shoe-size systems that are used

worldwide. These systems differ in what they measure, what unit of measurement they use, and

where the size 0 (or 1) is positioned. Only a few systems also take the width of the feet into

account. Some regions use different shoe-size systems for different types of shoes.

Deriving the shoe size

Foot versus shoe and last

The length of a foot is commonly defined as the distance between two parallel lines that are

perpendicular to the foot and in contact with the most prominent toe and the most prominent part

of the heel. Foot length is measured with the subject standing barefoot and the weight of the

body equally distributed on both feet. The sizes of the left and right feet are often slightly

different. In this case, both feet are measured, and purchasers of mass-produced shoes are

advised to purchase a shoe size based upon the larger foot. Each size of shoe is suitable for a

small interval of foot lengths. The inner cavity of a shoe must typically be 15–20 mm longer than

the foot, but this relation varies between different types of shoes.

There are three characteristic lengths that a shoe-size system can refer to:

The median length of feet for which a shoe is suitable. For customers, this measure has

the advantage of being directly related to their body measures. It applies equally to any

type, form, or material of shoe. However, this measure is less popular with

manufacturers, because it requires them to test carefully for each new shoe model, for

which range of foot sizes it is recommendable. It puts on the manufacturer the burden of

ensuring that the shoe will fit a foot of a given length.

The length of the inner cavity of the shoe. This measure has the advantage that it can be

measured easily on the finished product. However, it will vary with manufacturing

tolerances and provides the customer only very crude information about the range of foot

sizes for which the shoe is suitable.

The length of the "last," the foot-shaped template over which the shoe is manufactured.

This measure is the easiest one for the manufacturer to use, because it identifies only the

tool used to produce the shoe. It makes no promise about manufacturing tolerances or for

what size of foot the shoe is actually suitable. It leaves all responsibility and risk of

choosing the correct size with the customer. Further, the last can be measured in several

different ways resulting in different measurements.[

ADIDAS SHOESThe Adidas sneaker was originated by Adolf Dassler

who created a shoe after his time in World War I and

with the help of his brother Rudolf Dassler started a

business called the Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory.

While the company was profitable, the brother split and

Rudolf decided to start his own company which would eventually be known as Puma. Adolf

continued with his business and in 1949 it evolved into the name Adidas. In 1989 the company

was purchased by a French businessman named Bernard Tapie and after financial trouble it was

sold again to Robert Louis-Dreyfus in 1993. In 1997 Adidas was acquired by the Salomon Group

and then sold once again to Amer Sports of Finland. In the world of sports goods, Adidas has

represented a special status symbols, This symbol was known as the "three lines of victory."

Since founded in 1948 so far, Adidas helped countless athletes excel. many of the achievements

in the cause Feng Gong. Therefore, Adidas, it could be a combination of trust and respect

everyone the best example. Adidas founder Adi Dassler himself is not only a highly skilled shoe

home, preference is also a sports athlete, his dream is "to design a sportsman who produced the

most appropriate sports shoes." In this concept, Adi Dassler in 1920 to design the first two-sport

shoes, his constant research and development, so he designed sports shoes to many top players

love, not only in the Olympic Games in Moscow, and has since set in the sports arena gold

reputation. The Coalition for the Homeless, Adi Dassler in 1948 created the Adidas brand, over

the years he would footwear experience, adjacent to be used shoes make three lines of sports

shoes more compatible athletes found the foot into the design of the new shoes, So Adidas brand

is the first three-line modeling of sports shoes in 1949 would show to the world. From then on,

people will continue to see in the sports arena, "the victory of the three lines" set by the victory

picture. Particularly in world football, adidas suffered the support is no more a sporting goods

firm can match. Especially when Adidas issued after the first two-cleats, but also by the top

players and the support and love, and from 1974 to West Germany organized by the World Cup

soccer tournament, over 80% of the players have played a selection of Adidas soccer shoes will

be known in the world at that time adidas foot Tan power. In the 1998 World Cup in France, host

France is Adidas soccer shoes with superior performance and played a level of super-strength,

beat master won the championship. French soccer star Zinedine Zidane also won the 1998 world

soccer title The event again proved a "victory of the three lines" to ensure that the authority has

continued ever since. Apart from soccer, Adidas basketball, track and field, tennis, baseball,

boxing, swimming and the latest wave of extreme sports and other sports have a place. Many of

the top athletes for Adidas quality tracks : Public NBA basketball star Temple, the once all-

powerful 1:00 Jia gangsters, renowned Antoine Walker and the current considerable attention to

the most potential player Kobe Brya nt; professional tennis in which there were retired Sweden's

Aibaige. pride estrogen group had dominated the back of the German "Jade Luo expelling sha"

Graf, Jueqi in recent years and the "new British hope," Tim Dead and the Russian girl Anna

Kourni kova and the recently formed a small Martina Hingis days; the baseball field has won the

1998 baseball championship of the New York Yankees, boxing market will be the century of the

heavyweight boxing great Muhammad Ali; in athletics field, adidas is the reputation from the

1930s Arthur Jonath extend to the Don ovan Bailey, Ato Boldon with issues such as aid and

others. Today, Adidas still uphold Adi Dassler perfect footwear philosophy, continuing with the

top world-class athlete and coach to exchange ideas with the demand, after a series of repeated

tests and tests, the development of ergonomic products, will not only help the professional

athlete who raise sports performance, to better satisfy the general consumer market for high-

quality sporting goods needs. In recent years, Adidas, not only in design, functional

breakthroughs. Representative of the three lines of the design concepts are also popular trend to

another fashion, nowadays swept the formation of the new generation of young pop style, and

lead the global movement towards more diversified commodities vision.

Company's History   The company was founded in Germany in 1924 by the brothers Adolf and Rudolf Dassler. They

first named the brand "Dassler Shoes" that started getting popular thanks to sponsored athletes in

the Olympics. In 1948, though, Rudolf decides to start its own company named Puma. That's

when, in 1949, Adolf comes up with the three stripes and changes his company's name to Adidas

('Adi' from his nickname and 'Das' from Dassler). Adidas was the leading brand among athletes

community when, in 1978, Adolf Dassler passed and his wife Käthe, his son Horst, and his

daughter Carry started running the business. That was a big transition that was completed in the

90's when Robert Louis-Dreyfus became Adidas CEO: Adidas started moving from being a

manufacturing and sales based company to a marketing company.

Most Expensive Adidas Shoes   Somebody really into sneakers looks for the newest, most limited-edition stuff possible. Here are

some of them:

Adidas 1: in March of 2005 Adidas shoes with a computer chip in the sole got to the

stores. They coast U$250 and were worth more than 50% above the next most expensive

sneaker on the market

Adidas Micropacers: fall / winter 2008 release with only 500 pairs produced and sold for

$600. Originally released in 1984, this was at the forefront of its technology

Adidas Beckham Pulse: released in 2008, exacts 723 pairs were made (and each arrives

in an individually numbered wooden shrine) and they cost U$723

Adidas AG is a German sports apparel manufacturer and parent company of the Adidas

Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, golf company (including

Ashworth), and Rockport. Besides sports footwear, the company also produces other

products such as bags, shirts, watches, eyewear and other sports and clothing-related

goods. The company is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe and the second

biggest sportswear manufacturer in the world, after its American rival Nike.

Adidas was founded in 1948 by Adolf "Adi" Dassler, following the split of Gebrüder

Dassler Schuhfabrik between him and his older brother, Rudolf. Rudolf later established

Puma, which was the early rival of Adidas. Registered in 1949, Adidas is currently based

in Herzogenaurach, Germany, along with Puma.

The company's clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the

same motif is incorporated into Adidas's current official logo. The "Three Stripes" were

bought from the Finnish sport company Karhu Sports in the 1951. The company revenue

for 2009 was listed at €10.38 billion and the 2008 figure at €10.80 billion.

Products

Adidas currently manufactures several running shoes, including the adiStar Control 5, the adiStar

Ride (the replacement for the adiStar Cushion 6), the Supernova Sequence (the replacement for

the Supernova Control 10), and the Supernova Cushion 7 (which will soon be replaced by the

Supernova Glide), among others. In addition, their performance apparel is widely used by

runners. Adidas also uses kangaroo leather to make their more expensive shoes.

Company Timeline

In 1997, Adidas AG acquired the Salomon Group who specialized in alpine ski wear, and its

official corporate name was changed to adidas-Salomon AG because with this acquisition Adidas

also acquired the Taylor Made Golf Company and Maxfli, which allowed them to compete with

Nike Golf. Salomon sold its controlling interest in Taylor Made and its other sports equipment

companies to global giant Adidas AG.

In 1998, Adidas Golf USA moved its business operations from Tualatin, Oregon, to the

Carlsbad, California headquarters of Taylor Made Golf, acquired by adidas-Salomon. Adidas

Golf USA had 30 employees to relocate. Carlsbad is also the headquarters of one of its primary

competitors, Callaway Golf Company.

In 1999, Taylor Made and Adidas Golf USA were merged into a new company—called

Taylor Made-Adidas Golf—with world headquarters in Carlsbad. Mark King was named

president of the company he had begun his career with in 1981 as a sales representative after a

short stint as vice president of sales and marketing at Callaway Golf Ball Co. in 1998.

In November 2008, Ashworth (clothing) became a wholly owned subsidiary of Taylor

Made-Adidas Golf, complementary to the synthetic performance fabrics of Adidas Golf.

Marketing

Adidas, like other sports brands, is believed to engender high consumer brand loyalty. Brand

loyalty towards Adidas, Nike, Inc., Puma AG and several other sportswear brands was examined

in a recent study. The study found consumers did not exhibit unduly high loyalty towards such

brands. During the mid to late 1990s, Adidas divided the brand into three main groups with each

a separate focus: Adidas Performance was designed to maintain their devotion to the athlete;

Adidas Originals was designed to focus on fashion and life-style; and Style Essentials, with the

main group within this one being Y-3. "Impossible is Nothing" is the current mainstream

marketing slogan for Adidas. This campaign was developed by 180/TBWA based in Amsterdam

but also with significant work being done by TBWA/Chiat/Day in San Francisco – particularly

for its basketball campaign "Believe In Five". TBWA\Chiat\Day commissioned Zane Peach[29] to

produce images for 2007 international ad campaign.

Game advertisement

The brand is featured in several games. Amiga Commodore Amiga: Daley Thompson's Olympic

Challenge Sony Play station: Adidas power soccer Commodore 64, ZX spectrum, Amstrad CPC:

Adidas Championship Football Adidas is a major domestic (within Germany) and international

sports and events sponsor. During the last number of years, the Group has increased its

marketing and sponsorship budget. Adidas is a key sponsor and supplier to the National

Basketball Association (NBA). The company recently unveiled a new NBA game jersey to be

worn by all NBA players in games beginning in the 2010–2011 season. Adidas are the main

sponsor and kit supplier of the highly successful New Zealand national rugby team, the All

Blacks. Adidas also are the kit supplier to the Los Pumas, the Eagles, the Irish professional rugby

union team, Munster Rugby and the French professional rugby union club, Stade Français.

Adidas also sponsors and produces apparel for the rugby league club Gold Coast Titans in the

Australian National Rugby League (NRL) competition. In cricket, the company are the main and

kit sponsors sponsors of the successful Australian Cricket Team and the England Cricket Team.

They are also the main sponsors of the Indian cricketers Sachin Tendulkar and Virender Sehwag

and English cricketers Kevin Pietersen and Ian Bell. They are sponsors of the Indian Premier

League teams Delhi Daredevils and Mumbai Indians. Adidas is the longstanding kit provider to

the Germany national football team, a sponsorship that began in 1954 and is contracted to

continue until at least 2018. Adidas also sponsors the Argentine, Japanese, Mexican, Scottish,

Spanish and Colombian national football teams, among others. Adidas is the apparel partner of

the Collingwood Football Club and the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football

League. Adidas and Major League Soccer (MLS) announced a 8-year sponsorship agreement in

August 2010 that will continue to make Adidas the official athletic sponsor and licensed product

supplier for the league, and to work together to expand the developmental league for MLS

through 2018. Adidas also sponsors events such as the London Marathon and Adidas Sundown

Marathon in Singapore. In the 1980s, Adidas sponsored rap group Run-D.M.C., a breakthrough

idea. For the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, Adidas spent €70 million sponsoring the

event, amid criticisms. Adidas has also been marketing in NASCAR, sponsoring big name

drivers such as Dale Earnhardt, Jr. and Tony Stewart.

Corporate information

Current executive board CEO Adidas-group: Herbert Hainer

Finance Adidas-group: Robin J. Stalker

CEO Adidas brand: Erich Stamminger

Global Operations Adidas-group: Glenn S. Bennett

Former management CEO (1993–2002): Robert Louis-Dreyfus

Advantage of Adidas Shoes

First of all, the most noteworthy is definitely the net upper. The design of large pores is

not exaggerate at all, which is to ensure that your feet remain dry after exercise for a long

time.

Second, the bands on the sides are not only for decoration, but also play a role in

strengthening shoes body to better protect the feet.

Finally, a bit rude outsole has excellent anti-skid performance, and most importantly, the

sole design allows you to run faster, jump higher!

REEBOK SHOES

Reebok International Limited, a subsidiary of the

German sportswear company adidas, is a producer of

Athletic shoes, apparel, and accessories. The name

comes from the Afrikaans spelling of rhebok, a type of

African antelope or gazelle. In 1890 in Holcombe

Brook, a small village 6 miles north east of Bolton,

England, Joseph William Foster was making a living producing regular running shoes when he

came up with the idea to create a novelty spiked running shoe. After his ideas progressed he

joined with his sons, and founded a shoe company named J.W. Foster and Sons in 1895. In

1960, two of the founder's grandsons Joe and Jeff Foster renamed the company Reebok in

England, having found the name in a dictionary won in a race by Joe Foster as a boy; the

dictionary was South African edition hence the spelling. The company lived up to the J.W.

Foster legacy, manufacturing first-class footwear for customers throughout the UK. In 1979,

Paul Fireman, a US sporting goods distributor, saw a pair of Reeboks at an international trade

show and negotiated to sell them in North America.

Endorsements

India

Reebok sponsored sports kits for the great rich Indian Premier League teams, such as the Royal

Challengers Bangalore, Kolkata Knight Riders, Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings in

the first edition of the league held in 2008, however for the second edition held in 2009 the

sponsorships included (Royal Challengers Bangalore, Kolkata Knight Riders, Chennai Super

Kings, Kings XI Punjab) kits.

1890-1930's

Reebok's United Kingdom-based ancestor company was founded for one of the best reasons

possible: athletes wanted to run faster. So, in the 1890s, Joseph William Foster made some of the

first known running shoes with spikes in them. By 1895, he was in business making shoes by

hand for top runners; and before long his fledgling company, J.W. Foster and Sons, developed an

international clientele of distinguished athletes. The family-owned business proudly made the

running shoes worn in the 1924 Summer Games by the athletes celebrated in the film "Chariots

of Fire."

2009

In February 2009, Reebok launched the Jukari Fit to Fly workout, the first in a series of

initiatives to come out of a new, long-term partnership with Cirque du Soleil. Jukari Fit to Fly

makes fitness fun again by introducing a new way to move. The workout has been created on a

specially-designed piece of equipment called the FlySet. The result is a workout that gives the

sensation of flying while strengthening and lengthening the body through cardio, strength,

balance and core training. Also in 2009, Reebok made a pledge to tone the butts and legs of

women around the world with its innovative EasyTone footwear. Featuring first-of-its-kind

balance pod technology, the shoe generates incredible results thanks to proprietary technology

invented by a former NASA engineer.

Reebok Men's Shoes Zig Energy Grey can prompt up to 20% less wear and tear on the

key leg muscles, especially on hamstrings and shins. Wearing Reebok Shoes can help athletes to

lengthen their training sessions but reduce the risks of being injured.

Feature: Breathable Fabric Lining, Synthetic Leather and Mesh Upper, DMX Shear

Cushioning Panels, Forefoot Flex Grooves, PU Sockliner, Padded Tongue, Zig-Zag-Shaped sole,

Removable Ortholite Foam Sockliner.

Advantage: This Reebok Shoes offer durability, breathability as well as flexibility by

absorbing energy on impact and reducing vibration to create a softer, quieter and more efficient

ride which requires less muscle activation, reduces wear and tears up to 20% in key leg muscles

accommodating orthotics.

Benefit: Reebok Energy shoes provide comfort, reduce heel stress, endurance and agility

training along with muscle activation and toning and reduce muscle activation, so that you can

go longer. People who purchase this item are also interested in Reebok EasyTone Go Outside and

Reebok ZigTech.

PUMA SHOESPuma AG Rudolf Dassler Sport, officially branded

as PUMA, is a major German multinational company

that produces high-end athletic shoes, lifestyle

footwear and other sportswear. Formed in 1924 as

Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik by Adolf and Rudolf Dassler, relationships between the two

brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948, forming two separate entities, Adidas

and Puma. Puma is currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. The company is known for its

football shoes and has sponsored acclaimed footballers, including Pelé, Eusébio, Johan Cruijff,

Enzo Francescoli, Diego Maradona, Lothar Matthäus, Kenny Dalglish, Didier Deschamps and

Gianluigi Buffon. Puma is also the sponsor of the Jamaican track athlete Usain Bolt. In the

United States, the company is probably best known for the suede basketball shoe it introduced in

1968, which eventually bore the name of New York Knicks basketball star Walt "Clyde" Frazier,

and for its endorsement partnership with Joe Namath. Following the split from his brother,

Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda, but later changed to

Puma.Puma's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D, which was

registered, along with the company's name, in 1948. Puma's shoe designs feature the distinctive

"Formstripe",with clothing and other products having the logo printed on them. The company

also offers lines shoes and sports clothing, designed by Lamine Kouyate, Amy Garbers and

others. Since 1996 Puma has intensified its activities in the United States. Puma owns 25% of

American brand sports clothing maker Logo Athletic, which is licensed by American

professional basketball and association football leagues. Since 2007 Puma AG has been part of

the French luxury group PPR.

History

Christoph von Wilhelm Dassler was a worker in a shoe factory, while his wife Pauline ran a

small laundry in the Bavarian town of Herzogenaurach, 20 km (12.4 mi) from the city of

Nuremberg. Their son Rudolf Dassler, after leaving school, joined his father at the shoe factory,

and was then called up to fight in World War I. Upon his return, Rudolf received a management

position at a porcelain factory, and later in a leather wholesale business in Nuremberg. After

tiring of working for others and away from home, Rudolf returned to Herzogenaurach in 1924 to

join his younger brother Adolf, nicknamed "Adi", who had founded his own shoe factory. They

named the new business Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik (Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory). The

pair started their venture in their mother's laundry, but at the time, electricity supplies in the town

were unreliable, and the brothers sometimes had to use pedal power from a stationary bicycle to

run their equipment. By the 1936 Summer Olympics, Adi Dassler drove from Bavaria on one of

the world's first motorways to the Olympic village with a suitcase full of spikes and persuaded

United States sprinter Jesse Owens to use them, the first sponsorship for an African American.

After Owens won four gold medals, his success cemented the good reputation of Dassler shoes

among the world's most famous sportsmen. Letters from around the world landed on the brothers'

desks, and the trainers of other national teams were all interested in their shoes. Business

boomed and the Dasslers were selling 200,000 pairs of shoes annually before World War II.

Company split and creation of PUMA

Both brothers joined the Nazi Party, but Rudolf was slightly closer to the party. During the war, a

growing rift between the pair reached a breaking point after an Allied bomb attack in 1943 when

Adi and his wife climbed into a bomb shelter that Rudolf and his family were already in. "Here

are the bloody bastards again," Adi said, apparently referring to the Allied war planes, but

Rudolf was convinced his brother meant him and his family.After Rudolf was later picked up by

American soldiers and accused of being a member of the Waffen SS, he was convinced that his

brother had turned him in. In 1948, the brothers split their business. Rudolf left the high hill for

the other side of the Aurach River to start his own company. It was from this split that Adolf

started his own sportswear company with the name he formed using his nickname "Adi" and the

first three letters of his last name "Das", to establish Adidas. Rudolf created a new firm that he

called Ruda – from "Ru" in Rudolf and "Da" in Dassler. Rudolf's company would later change its

name to Puma Schuhfabrik Rudolf Dassler in 1948. The brothers earlier split led to a divided

town. From 1948, the town was similar to a mini-Berlin. Brand loyalty became supreme for

residents; several stores, bakeries and bars were unofficially known as either loyal to Rudolf's

Puma, or to Adolf's Adidas. Even the town's two football clubs were also divided: ASV

Herzogenaurach club supported the three stripes, while 1 FC Herzogenaurach endorsed Rudolf's

footwear.When handymen were called to Rudolf's home, they would wear Adidas shoes

deliberately so that when Rudolf would see their footwear, he would tell them to go to the

basement and pick out a pair of free Puma shoes.The two brothers never reconciled, and

although both are buried in the same cemetery, they are spaced apart as far as possible.

Early years and rivalry with Adidas

Following the split, Puma and Adidas initiated a fierce and bitter rivalry with each other. The

enmity split Herzogenaurach into two, leading to the nickname "the town of bent necks" – people

looked down to see which shoes strangers wore. In 1948, the first football match after World

War II, several members of the West German national football team wore Puma boots, including

the scorer of West Germany's first post-war goal, Herbert Burdenski. Four years later, at the

1952 Summer Olympics, 1500 metres runner Josy Barthel of Luxembourg won Puma's first

Olympic gold in Helsinki, Finland. At the 1960 Summer Olympics Puma paid German sprinter

Armin Hary to wear Pumas in the 100 metres sprint final. Hary had worn Adidas before and

asked Adolf for payment, but Adidas rejected this request. The German won gold in Pumas, but

then laced up Adidas for the medals ceremony – to the shock of the two Dassler brothers. Hary

hoped to cash in from both with the trick, but Adi was so enraged he banned the Olympic

champion.

The Pelé pact and subsequent affairs

A few months prior to the 1970 FIFA World Cup, Armin Dassler and his cousin, Horst Dassler,

sealed an agreement which was dubbed "The Pelé pact". This agreement dictated that Pelé, a

Brazilian attacking midfielder, would be out of bounds for both Adidas and Puma. However,

Armin found the potential financial and marketing advantage of sponsoring the superstar

irresistible. Pelé complied with a request by Puma's representative Hans Henningsen to increase

the awareness and profile of the German sports shoe company after he received $120,000 to wear

the Formstripes.At the opening whistle of a 1970 World Cup finals match, Pelé stopped the

referee with a last-second request to tie his shoelaces before kneeling down to give millions of

television viewers a close-up of his Pumas.This greatly outraged Horst Dassler and future peace

agreements were called off. Two years later, during the 1972 Summer Olympics, Puma provided

running shoes for the Uganda 400 metres hurdles champion, John Akii-Bua. After Akii-Bua was

forced out of Uganda by its military government, Puma employed Ake Bua in Germany, and

tried to help integrate him and his family in German society, but eventually Akii-Bua returned to

Uganda. In May 1989, Rudolf's sons Armin and Gerd Dassler agreed to sell their 72 percent

stake in Puma, to Swiss business Cosa Liebermann SA. Puma became a public company in 1986,

and thereafter was listed on the Börse München and Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Puma AG has

approximately 9,204 employees and distributes its products in more than 80 countries. For the

fiscal year 2003, the company had a revenue of €1.274 billion. Puma were the commercial

sponsors for the 2002 anime series Hungry Heart: Wild Striker, with the jerseys and clothing

sporting the Puma brand. The company has been conducted by CEO and Chairman Jochen Zeitz

since 1993. His contract has been extended ahead of schedule for four more years until 2012 in

October 2007. Japanese fashion guru Mihara Yasuhiro teamed up with Puma to create a high-end

and high-concept line of sneakers Puma is the main producer of enthusiast driving shoes and race

suits. They are the prime producer in both Formula One and NASCAR especially. They had also

successfully won the rights to sponsor the 2006 FIFA World Cup champions, the Italian national

football team, with them making and sponsoring the clothing worn by the team. Their

partnership with Ferrari and BMW to make Puma-Ferrari and Puma-BMW shoes has also

contributed to this success. On 15 March 2007, Puma launched its first new 2007/2008 line of

uniforms for a club, and Brazilian football club Grêmio will be the first to use the laser sewn

technology, similar to the one worn by Italy at the 2006 World Cup. Grêmio and other Brazilian

clubs will be the first to use the technology because their season starts six months earlier than

European clubs. Puma also makes baseball cleats, and Johnny Damon, the outfielder for the

Detroit Tigers, is their spokesperson. He has his own cleat called the "DFR Metals".

The legendary KING

In 2008, Puma celebrated the 40th anniversary of the KING with a special anniversary

edition,the KING XL (XL is 40 in Roman Numerals), a tribute to Portuguese footballer Eusébio,

who shot 42 goals with the legendary KING in 1968, winning the Golden Boot Award as

Europe's leading scorer. The KING also was the favourite shoe of players like Pelé, Mario

Kempes, Rudi Völler, Lothar Matthäus, Massimo Oddo and Diego Maradona. Puma have

continued to release new versions of the King range, and released a version in 2009 to celebrate

the history of Italian soccer, and in particular double World Cup winning coach Vittorio Pozzo,

the Puma King XL Italia. In 2010, the Puma King again heralded a football legend. This time

Diego Maradona was paid tribute. To celebrate the Argentine's 50th birthday, Puma released the

Puma King Diego Finale football boot. This edition was created in the colours of the La

Albiceleste of the Argentina National football team.

WOODLAND SHOESWoodland A name which all of us trust for its quality,

durability and style. This blog will focus on How

Woodland Became a Famous Brand. In 1992 Russia

was divided into various socialist states and one big

country was converted into various socialist ststes and

named USSR. Now this we all know. But what we do not know is that this let to the foundation

of Woodland shoes and the brand itself. Aero Club the award winning export house from Delhi

suffered heavy loss due to this division of Russia as its major exports was into Russia and hence

not only it lost business but also was left with heavy inventory of shoes which was made for

exports. The inventory included of leather casual shoes and industrial boots. The chairman of

Aero Club Mr Avtar Singh decided to launch some of the styles lying in the inventory in the

Indian market to see what kind of response is received. Among these shoes there was one shoe

which made the brand woodland. Many of us reading this blog about woodland shoes must have

even worn that shoe sometime in their lifetime. The shoe was made of very thick buff leather and

even had leather laces. The sole was made of hard rubber. The upper of the shoe was handmade

and hand stitched. In short this was a shoe which could last seasons without any trouble at all.

After lots of brain storming sessions these shoes were launched with the brand name Woodland.

Initially it was launched in only 2-3 selective stores in New Delhi at south extention-2 and CP

inner circle which were owned by aero club. However, lots of big and small shoe stores in Delhi

were given some stock for selling on commission basis.

Since then Aero Club never looked back. Customers went crazy for the hand stitched

leather shoe and its demand increased from everywhere. This shoe had a style number G-0092 as

it was the year 1992 and ‘G’ stood for gents. Though Aero Club had lots of inventory of this

shoe which they initially made for exports but Mr Avatar Singh being a futuristic businessmen

did foresee the demand for the shoe and asked the shoe to be made in 5 different colors which

were khaki, black, olive, camel and a mixed color including combination of these colors. This

rocked the shoe market and word of mouth spread and so did the name Woodland. The best part

about these shoes was that they were handmade, hand stitched, very stylish which could be worn

with trousers, denims or cargo trousers and shorts. Though, the factor which helped most in

making these woodland shoes famous was the shoes durability. Customers who bought these

shoes wear them for 5-6 years and nothing could wear them off, specially the G-0092 one. This

increased the brand loyalty of Woodland Shoes. At that time in early 1990's not too many shoes

brands were there in the Indian market apart from Bata and this situation of lack of competition

also favored the growth of Woodland shoes. Once the people became aware of Woodland Mr

Avatar Singh sensed another opportunity in the Indian market and that of casual shoes demand.

He observed that there is no casual shoes brand in the Indian shoe market and this unidentified

and unattended demand can be taken care of. Since then Woodland Shoes has been launching

casual and tracking shoes which are very popular among the young people. Also Woodland has

grown as a brand since then and now it has around where 250 stores all over India.

Product Attributes Pure leather (Suede & nubuck)

Comfortable (designed according to the anatomy of foot)

Toughness + style & design

Unique rugged, tough rubber soles (PU/PU, PU/TPU soles)

Use of Italian technology (high-tech machines and robots)

HISTORY OF THE COMP A NY 1960: Aero club started as a small manufacturing unit in Delhi. They were among the

first to export shoes to the U.S.S.R.

1962: They ventured into retailing with an outlet at a prime location in Delhi.

1992: The Company launched Woodland brand and acquired winter boot factory in

Quebec, Canada to cater to the Canadian and U.S. Markets.

1994: Commissioned manufacturing plant for Reebok for export to U.S.A.

1997: Commissioned manufacturing unit for apparels, adding to the range of Woodland

products.

2002: Woodland becomes a national leader in premium category shoes, apparels and

accessories. Started sourcing operations from South East Asian Countries. Opened offices in

China and Hong Kong, facilitating the heavy domestic demand for new products and

development.

2007: Total No. of exclusive showrooms targeted to touch the two hundred mark.

Weakness It is certainly not for people who desire to keep on changing their footwear

frequently having been fed up with the same design

The athletic and leather shoes do start getting dented within a year

The price offered by woodland shoes is quite expensive

Woodland has limited number of outlets.

BATA SHOESBata Shoes (Czech: Baťa or Baťovy závody) is a

large, family owned shoe company based in Bermuda

but currently headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland,

operating 3 business units worldwide – Bata Metro

Markets, Bata Emerging Markets and Bata Branded

Business. It has a retail presence in over 50 countries and production facilities in 26 countries. In

its history the company has sold more than 14 billion pairs of shoes.

Foundation, Tomas Bata

The company was founded in 1894 Zlín (then Austro-Hungarian Empire, today the Czech

Republic) by Tomáš Baťa whose family had been cobblers for generations. A large order from

the army, military shoes and rising demand for them, during World War I started rapid growth

and small manufacture turned into modern industrial concern, one of the first mass producers of

shoes. Tomáš Baťa was recognized for his social conscience, establishing housing, cinemas and

advancement programmes for his employees. The phrase "work collectively, live individually" is

one of his sayings. Baťa recognized the potential of large-scale production, and was often called

the "Henry Ford of Eastern Europe". He saw technology as a means of progress, and wanted to

make the shoes as cheaply as possible so that the greatest number of people could access them In

1932 Tomáš died in a plane crash at the Zlín airport (attempting to take-off under bad weather

conditions) and his half-brother Jan Antonín Baťa became head of the company. At the time of

Tomáš's death, the Baťa company employed 16,560 people, maintained 1,645 shops and 25

enterprises. Most of what Tomáš had built was centralized in Bohemia-Moravia (15,770

employees, 1,500 shops, 25 enterprises) and Slovakia (250 employees and 2 enterprises). The

total international contribution to the Baťa organization at the time of Tomas's death consisted of

20 international enterprises, 132 shops, and 790 employees.

Jan Antonín Baťa

Under Jan Antonín Baťa the company grew quickly and continued its expansion throughout

Europe, North America, Asia, and North Africa. Zlín accommodated the largest part of the

company, with manufacturing and headquarters. Apart from shoes, Baťa also diversified into

other areas (tyres, toys, plastic fibres, etc.).

Thirties and Forties

Jan Baťa expanded the Bohemian and Moravian part of the business, more than doubling its size

to 38,000 employees, 2,200 shops, and 70 enterprises. In Slovakia, the business grew from 250

employees to 12,340 and 8 enterprises. In the face of a worldwide depression, Jan Baťa,

following the plans laid down by Tomas Bata before his death, expanded the company more than

six times its original size throughout Czechoslovakia and the world. From the time of his

brother's death, in 1932, to 1942, he grew the Baťa organization to 105,770 employees. During

the 1930s, imports from Czechoslovakia ultimately became too expensive, due to the economic

crisis in Europe at the time. Jan Antonín also established subsidiaries in several foreign countries

(for example in Brazil and Britain.

Bata-villes

Company policy initiated under Tomas Bata was to set up villages

around the factories for the workers and to supply schools and

welfare. These villages include Batadorp in the Netherlands,

Baťovany (present-day Partizánske) and Svit in Slovakia, Baťov (nowadays Bahňák, part of

Otrokovice) in the Czech Republic, Borovo-Bata (nowadays Borovo Naselje, part of Vukovar in

Croatia then in Kingdom of Yugoslavia), Bataville in Lorraine, France, Batawa in Canada, East

Tilbury[1] in Essex, England, Batapur in Pakistan and Batanagar and Bataganj in India. The

company, which established itself in India in 1931, started manufacturing shoes in Batanagar in

1936. In 1922, the first Bata shop abroad opened in the Netherlands; in 1933, construction began

on the Bata shoe factory in Best, in the Dutch province of Brabant, at the intersection of the

railway tracks leading to Eindhoven and the Wilhelmina Canal located nearby. There was an

abundance of inexpensive and hard-working labourers in the Brabant countryside. The British

"Bata-ville" in East Tilbury inspired the documentary Bata-ville: We Are Not Afraid of the

Future.

Company Perspectives

Shoemaking is one of the world's oldest crafts--shoes have been works of art and the stuff of

legends. Around the world, the Bata brand is reserved for well-made and well-priced dress and

casual footwear. We're devoted to designing, producing, and providing our customers with the

best in commercial fashion footwear for the whole family.

Key Dates

1894: The Bata family establishes a company in Zlin, located in what is now the Czech

Republic.

1932: Founder Tomas Bata dies in an airplane accident.

1939: The Company relocates to Canada after the movement of German military forces into

Eastern Europe.

1945: Czechoslovakia business operations are nationalized by the new communist government

following World War II.

1991: Bata returns to the Czech Republic following fall of the communist regime.

1994: Thomas J. Bata, the son of the company's founder, retires.

2001: Thomas J. Bata, Jr., becomes chairman and CEO.

Company History

Bata Ltd. is a privately owned global shoe manufacturer and retailer headquartered in Ontario,

Canada. The company is led by a third generation of the Bata family. With operations in 68

countries, Bata is organized into four business units. Bata Canada, based in Toronto, serves the

Canadian market with 250 stores. Based in Paris, Bata Europe serves the European market with

500 stores. With supervision located in Singapore, Bata International boasts 3,000 stores to serve

markets in Africa, the Pacific, and Asia, Finally, Bata Latin America, operating out of Mexico

City, sells footwear throughout Latin America. All told, Bata owns more than 4,700 retail stores

and 46 production facilities. Total employment for the company exceeds 50,000.

Company Founded in 1894

The Bata family's ties to shoemaking span more than two dozen generations and purportedly date

as far back as 1580 to the small Czech village of Zlin. However, it was not until 1894 that the

family began to make the transition from cobblers to industrialists. In that year, Tomas G. Bata,

Sr., along with his brother Antonin and sister Anna, took 800 florins, some $350, inherited from

their mother and launched a shoemaking business. They rented a pair of rooms, acquired two

sewing machines on an installment plan, and paid for their leather and other materials with

promissory notes. They produced stitched, coarse-woolen footwear. Within a year, the business

was successful enough to enable the Batas to employ ten people in their factory, such as it was,

as well as another forty who worked out of their own homes. In the same year, 1895, Antonin

was drafted into the military and Anna quit the business to get married, forcing Tomas to assume

complete control of the venture. He was just 19 years old. In 1900, Bata moved the operation to

a new building located close to Zlin's railway station and took the first major step in

industrialization, installing steam-driven machines. The company enjoyed success producing

light, linen footwear that appealed to a large portion of the population, who could not afford

better-made leather shoes. Nevertheless, Bata came close to bankruptcy on more than one

occasion and concluded that in order for his business to survive he needed to find more efficient

ways to manufacture and distribute shoes. In 1904, he and three employees took a trip to the

United States to learn firsthand the ways of mass production. Bata spent six months working as a

laborer on a shoe assembly line in New England. On his way back to Zlin, he also took time to

visit English and German factories. Upon his return home, Bata began to transform the family

shoe business, not only by applying the latest production techniques--which would one day

earned him the moniker, "the Henry Ford of the shoe industry"--but also by finding a way to

preserve the role of workers, which all too often changed dramatically during the transition from

an artisan to an industrial approach to commerce.

The Bata shoe business began to experience steady growth, so that by 1912 it was

employing 600 full-time workers plus another few hundred who worked out of their homes in

neighboring villages. Tomas Bata now began to exhibit another side to his personality, the social

idealist. Because there was a shortage of housing in Zlin for his new workers, he constructed new

homes, which he rented at cost. He also offered inexpensive meals in factory cafeterias and free

medical care. He even built a new hospital to care for his workers. However, as soon as they

began to earn higher incomes, area merchants raised prices. In answer, Tomas Bata opened his

own less-expensive company stores to ensure that his employees were able to enjoy the fruits of

their success. He also took steps to identify management talent among the ranks of his workers

and instituted a training program that was ahead of its time.

Bata Shoes Returns to the Czech Republic in 1991

In the 1970s and 1980s, the manufacture of shoes began to shift increasingly to Pacific Rim

countries, where lower labor costs provided a competitive edge that proved devastating to shoe

companies around the world. With its widely cast operations and well-established distribution

network, Bata was better able to compete, but it too suffered from a softening in its business.

With the fall of communism in the late 1980s, Bata was able to return to the country where the

family business was founded. The company was not able to resume ownership of its prior assets,

which has been combined with other Czech shoe operations, nor did Bata wish to be encumbered

with facilities that the communists had neglected for more than 40 years. Nevertheless, Thomas

Bata was committed to establishing a business in his native country. After some study, the

management team elected to focus on a retail distribution business and a modest manufacturing

facility, one that was not part of the old Bata operation. A small factory established by the

communist regime was found acceptable, and the company then selected a number of retail

locations, which would total a 20 percent market share, and presented the government with a

joint venture proposal that was accepted in late 1991.

Thomas Bata, at the age of 80, elected to retire in 1994. His son, Thomas Bata, Jr., had

been serving as president since 1985. According to The Globe and Mail, Thomas, Jr. "took over

at a time when the international shoe maker was experiencing heightened competition from

strong global marketers. The movement toward free trade challenged its network of quasi-

autonomous national companies. Mr. Bata tried to make changes, but insiders says he lost the

support of key members of the board." He was widely expected to succeed his father, but to the

surprise of many, Stanley Heath, a Canadian with considerable executive experience with RJR

Nabisco, took over as president and CEO to assume the day-to-day running of the business,

while the younger Bata assumed the chairmanship, ostensibly charged with focusing on the "big

picture." He soon left the family business and moved to Switzerland. His father, with a

reputation as an autocrat, was slated to become honorary chairman, but the post proved to be far

from ceremonial, as he continued to be involved in the company's operations on a day-to-day

basis and was not reticent about letting management know his opinions. Little more than a year

after coming to Bata, Heath resigned for "personal and family reasons." Taking over for Heath

was a loyal company man, Rino Rizzo, who had been with the Bata organization since 1969. In

1999, Bata brought in Jim Pantelidis, an executive who had no experience in the shoe industry,

to assume the CEO position. Pantelidis's background was in retail gasoline sales, and during his

career he had worked for one of Canada's largest chains, Petro-Canada Corporation. Pantelidis

instituted a plan to develop regional shoe lines, as opposed to lines created for individual

countries. In addition, he wanted to create economies of scale by building regional

infrastructures. The goal was to use the regional infrastructures to position the Bata brand on a

global basis. The tenure of Pantelidis lasted just two years. In late 2001, Thomas Bata, Jr.

returned, gained control of the business, and was named chairman and CEO, while Pantelidis left

to "pursue other challenges." Bata began to reorganize the company, essentially running the

business out of Switzerland. It remained to be seen if he would be able to succeed where

outsiders had failed in the effort to transform Bata from a federation of stand-alone local

subsidiaries into a truly international company.

FOCUS ON PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS

While Reebok is going into overdrive with its global Performance Range, Adidas will focus on

growing sales of the high-performance segment in both apparel and footwear and capitalising on

the slew of performance products it will introduce next year. Reebok is also pushing its replica

merchandise business. After the successful launch of National Football Association (NFL)

licensed merchandise, it is all set to introduce the NBA (National Basketball Association) line,

targeted at the youth, in the price range of Rs 599 to Rs 2,000. ‘‘We have a new campaign this

quarter. We are spending a significant portion of our budget on it and our spending this year are

higher than they were last year,’’ says Mr Doraiswamy.

BATA TO SET UP 30 LARGE FORMAT STORES

Bata India Ltd has decided to go for major expansion by putting up 30-odd new concept

showrooms in major cities and towns in the next 12 months across the country. Speaking to The

Financial Express, Mr GSM Ghaznavi, director (retail), Bata India, said the company plans to set

up large format stores which will offer customers a wide choice in price and styling. This will

involve an investment of Rs 10 to Rs 15 crore. Besides the Bata brands, the new concept stores

will also offer international brands. The large format store model will house footwear designed

for daily wear, party wear, and business attire for men, women and children, apart from offering

garments, he said. Mr Ghaznavi was in Hyderabad to open a large format store. Based on the

location and market potential, the stores will be segmented into three categories such as large

format citi stores, flagship stores and family shops to meet customers’ demand, he said. The

stores will be set up in areas ranging from 2,000 sqft to 5,000 sqft, he added. To woo customers

further, the company would continuously focus on introducing new designs and models apart

from educating customers to go for branded footwear by positioning Bata products at

competitive prices, he said. Though there were some hiccups in the last few years, efforts are

being made to regain lost ground by positioning the brand as quality and customer-friendly, he

said. Bata, the country's major footwear brand, on Friday announced the opening of its major

showroom in Secunderabad. The store will host the entire range of offerings in a sprawling 5,500

sq. meters space. The Director of Bata India, Mr G.S.M.Gaznavi, after the launch of the

showroom, said that the company plans to extend this big store concept to other parts of the

State. Apart from Bata brand, the footwear on display includes international brands like

Weinbrenner, Bubble Gummers, Hush Puppies, Dr Dcholls, Marie Claire, according to a

company release

BATA EXPECTS TO TRIPLE SALES IN ASIA-PACIFIC

Bata, the Canadian-owned company best known to Thais because of its economical prices for

student footwear, expects to triple its sales in the Asia-Pacific region over the next three years.

Thomas Bata, the company chairman, said during a visit to Thailand that China, Russia, India

and Thailand would help drive major growth to the region. To achieve its goal, the company

plans to open new stores as well as to revamp the look of its two major concept stores _ Bata's

flagship and Bata's fashion store _ to have a single, ``international'' look. The company will add

new product lines such as accessories at some Bata networks including Thailand. In China alone,

the company plans to open 500 outlets this year while in Thailand, it has spent 80 million baht on

store renovation, aiming to expand its customer base to cover teenagers and high-end customers.

Mr Bata dismissed the importance of the downturn in the Thai economy. He saw a huge

opportunity to grow business, because Bata is confident its product prices are cheaper than other

imported products in the market. Bata operates a regional pool order strategy to keep prices low.

Samarn Bhromchumpa, sales manager of Bata Shoes (Thailand) Plc, said the majority of Thai

students wore Bata shoes to class but put on other brands after school. ``So, we will draw such

customers back to us with our fashion store concept,'' he said. At fashion concept stores, each

collection will be sold for a limited time, with no repeat orders. The products at these stores will

vary slightly from the products sold at the Bata flagship store both in design and price. The

company will appeal to high-end shoppers by turning some existing stores at shopping centres

such as Central Bank Na and Rattanathibet into flagship stores. These stores are to be segmented

into men's, women's, children's and school sections, along with hosiery and accessory categories.

Branded corners will include Power, Marie Claire and Bubblegummers. The products are likely

to cost between 600 and 4,000 baht. ``This is the first time we offered such a high price, and

almost 80% of the products in the store are imported from Europe and Asia,'' said Mr Samarn.

The company is able to offer product variety because the import tax on footwear was cut to 5%

to 30%, from as much as 100% in the past 10 years. From now, the Bata product teams will

develop an additional 500 shoe designs each season, exclusive to each store type, to serve the

needs of a wide array of local and international consumers.

This is ``a revolutionary idea that will be proved correct even after our days, as we have

extended our attention to other related services beyond just selling shoes'', said Mr Bata. Mr

Samarn said that after the store facelifts, sales of each branch increased between 25% and 40%.

High-end lines in particular were well received, because price still were 20-30% cheaper than for

other imported brands in the same market. Thai consumers think Bata is local brand, so the

company will take further steps to create an international brand image by offering accessory

products such as belts, wallets and sunglasses at all of the stores, Mr Bata said. Bata shares on

the Stock Exchange of Thailand last traded on July 19 at 5.15 baht, down 1.10 baht from the

previous session, on trade worth 10,000 baht.

The unique selling proposition of Bata products are:

Good quality

Low price

Simplicity

BATA PLANS TO TURNAROUND NEXT YEAR

Shoemaker Bata India Ltd, after nearly three years in the red, expects to turn profitable again

next financial year. In an attempt to give its brand an image makeover, Bata is planning to

increase its retail presence and launch more youth-oriented and contemporary products. The

company estimated that it would end the current financial year (it follows a January-December

calendar) with a turnover of Rs 750 crore and with accumulated losses of nearly Rs 40 crore.

Next fiscal Bata is aiming for a 12 per cent increase in sales to reach Rs 840 crore. “Our cost of

production in India over the years has been very high. We will improve our cost efficiencies

considerably with the ongoing voluntary retirement scheme,” said Constantin Salameh, chief

financial officer, Bata International and board member, Bata India. In the three rounds of VRS

offered this year, Bata reduced its employee count by 1,600 and it expects another 700-80 to

avail the offer next year. Currently, the company has 10,000 employees. According to Salameh,

reducing labour costs was one of Bata India’s biggest challenges because of the highly unionised

nature of its workforce. “With such a high cost structure we would increasingly look at

outsourcing our production,” added Salameh. Of the 60 million pairs of footwear it sells in India,

Bata manufactures nearly 40 million pairs and outsource the rest. Bata said that its Power brand

of sports shoes will be the key growth driver as it looks to target the youth segment. “Power

already sells 1.2 million pairs a year and next year sales will grow by 200 per cent. Power will

stand for quality and affordability,” said Stephen Davies, managing director Bata India. In the

last five years, Bata had lost considerable ground to sportswear manufacturers like Reebok,

Adidas and Nike to take on the competition it has positioned the Power brand as a technology

driven, yet low cost product. The core range of Power shoes would be priced below Rs 1,000.

According to Davies, Bata had also revamped its marketing operations and segmented its

retail operations in the form of flagship stores, city, and family and bazaar outlets. In the

organised footwear sector Bata remains the largest manufacturer and retailer with an almost a

quarter of the market share. “Our flagship stores are located at some of the best shopping

districts in all the metros. We have witnessed a 15-20 per cent increase in footfalls just by

renovating those stores,” Davies added. The publicly listed Bata India is 51 per cent owned by

the Switzerland-based Bata family and has 1,600 retail outlets in the country with 1,100

company owned-stores contributing to 60 per cent of its sales.

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

It reaches its customers through two channels, retail and wholesale. In retail, BIL operates

through a chain of exclusive own and franchise stores. BIL's stores are located in prime locations

countrywide. 70% of Bata's sales are from its own retail outlets. Besides there is a network of

300 exclusive wholesalers who service 30,000 retail stores all over the country. In total it has

over 1600 showrooms, 27 wholesale depots and 8 distribution centres across the country.

BIL's major thrust is on middle-class and upper class customers. The concept of `budget stores`

has been introduced to remove apprehension in the minds of customers who viewed Bata outlets

as being expensive. The company is focusing on the rural markets for volume growth in the low-

priced footwear segment.

FUTURE PLANS

To improve the sales and profits, BIL is planning to increase penetration by setting up more

retail outlets and taking space in shopping malls across the country. Existing retail stores would

be upgraded even as wholesale depots would be set up in smaller towns and semi-urban areas.

BIL's main efforts will be to streamline the wholesale business. BIL's thrust is on becoming

marketing driven firm from a manufacturing oriented company. Steps are also being taken to

reduce costs, improve distribution logistics and focus on launch of new products in order to

improve the performance of the company.

BRANDS

Bata's well known brands include Power, Bubble-Gummers, Marie-Claire, Hawai, Naughty boy,

Sandak, Signor, Ambassador, North-Star etc. International brands such as Hush Puppies, Nike,

Lotto, and Dr Scholl are sold under manufacturing and licensing agreements. The company has

more than 1000 shoe designs and caters to all the segments. Over 60% of sales come from the

men's range, while children's and women’s range account for about 20% each. In women's

segment the Sun-drop range of casual ladies wear in the popular range has done well in the

market and registered a strong growth of 500% in F12/2000. The brand is being endorsed by film

star Rani Mukherjee. Bata also markets sportswear, readymade garments, hosiery, and other

footwear accessories like socks, shoe polish, etc. The company also exports its products to

countries like Germany, Australia, USA, UK, Holland, Denmark, New Zealand, France and

Canada. It exports about 4mn pairs of shoes in a year.

MARKET POSITION

BIL is the largest player in the footwear industry with around 9-10% volume share and a 60%

market-share in the organized segment. BIL has a market share of 70% in canvas shoes segment

while it has a share of 60% in leather shoes. BIL manufactures about 10% of the total Hawaii’s

sold in the country. BIL competes in manufacturing low priced Hawaii’s with the unorganized

sector with its price ranging from Rs35-Rs110 with unorganized sector's pricing in the range of

Rs25-Rs50. Leading competitor in the popular segment of the organized market Liberty Shoes.

Other organized sector players are Phoenix International, Action Shoes, Lakhani Shoes,

Woodland, Paragon and Relaxo. Most global players like Adidas India, Reebok, Nike, etc are

operating through their Indian subsidiaries with main focus on premium sports shoes segment,

which has an insignificant volume share. Competition is hotting up in the domestic market due to

popular brands such as Gaitonde, Red Tape, Lotus Bawa. These brands are gaining market share

especially in the premium segment.

BUSINESS

Bata manufactures and sells a wide range of footwear made from leather, canvas, plastic and

rubber. The company sells over 59 mn pairs per year throughout the country and in overseas

markets such as USA, UK, Europe, Middle East, etc. The company also markets a range of

sports shoes, garments and accessories manufactured by others. Footwear sales account for more

than 97% of the total revenue. Rubber and canvas footwear contributes 48% of volumes, leather

footwear contributes to 30% and plastic footwear accounts for 22% of volumes. In value terms,

leather footwear contributes to 58% to turnover, Rubber and canvas footwear contributes 27%,

plastic footwear accounts for 12% of total turnover. Accessories, garments, etc account for 3% of

turnover. Bata manufactures around 50% of its footwear in its own units, while the rest is

outsourced. from small scale manufacturers. While all the plastic footwear is outsourced, in

leather company manufactures 63% of the footwear in-house and in rubber and canvas footwear,

61% is manufactured in-house.

FINISHED LEATHER DIVISION

The division is into business of selling of leather hides. The company sold 2.8 lakh hides during

the year at value of Rs197.7 mn. The division contributed 18% of the total revenue of Rs1.104bn

during the year. The division's contribution to total revenue has been decreasing continuously for

past three years from 29% in FY98 to 18% in FY00. The division sales dropped over previous

year by 4.5% due to closure of shoe factories in Portugal, South Africa and other countries.

These plants are not expected to be reopened in future so the division's sales would come down

with time.

FULL SHOES DIVISION

This division is into business of manufacturing and selling complete shoes both as exports to

global players as well as under its own brands. The company sold 1.6mn pairs of shoes during

the year. The division generated revenues of Rs898.5mn contributing 81.4% to the total

revenues. The company sell its shoes under brand names of Red Tape, Oak Track, Ozark and

Oak Ridge. Exports contribute to more than 85% of the total revenue while domestic sales

contributed 14% of the total revenue during FY00. The exports grew by 20%yoy and domestic

sales by 11%yoy. While the volumes increased by 29% yoy in value terms the sales increased by

26%yoy implying a drop in unit realization by 2.3%yoy to Rs562 per pair. The company

introduced a range of shoes under Alloy brand name targeted at price conscious consumers in the

domestic market. It has also extended its Red Tape range to ladies fashion segment. The

company has a three year tie up with Hush Puppies as per which the company sells 2 lakh pairs

under Hush Puppies brand name in market of UK, US and Canada every year.

SHOE UPPERS & OTHER PRODUCTS

Other products contribute less than 1% of the total revenue during the year. The sales of other

products amounted to Rs8mn registering a growth of four folds over previous year.

MANUFACTURING PLANTS

The Company has its plants at four places across the country:

Leather Tannery at Magarwara, Unnao

Shoes factory at Magrawara, Unnao

Shoes factory at Shahjani, Unnao

Shoes Upper and Shoes factory at Noida.

Shoes Factory at Kanpur being shifted to Unnao.

The company exports shoes to markets such as UK, Europe, South Africa, US, Canada, New

Zealand, Middle East, China and Hong Kong. The company has set up subsidiary in UK to study

fashion trends and design and market shoes to customers in UK and France. In most of the other

countries, Mirza has established a network of agents who work exclusively for Mirza.

FUTURE OF BATA SHOES

Bata India is planning to put its best foot forward. The company is planning a major

reorganisation at the board as well as organisation level. While the company will shortly have a

new chairman for India, Bata is also in the process of streamlining its operations in the country.

In an exclusive interview with FE, Bata International chairman and CEO Thomas Bata Jr said,

“We are looking at having a tight and effective board to guide and execute our future plans in

India.” Currently, Bata International CFO Constantin Salameh is the acting chairman for India.

Nirmalya Kumar of the London Business School has also been roped in as an independent

director. As part of the restructuring process, Bata India has shifted its commercial operations to

Gurgaon, near Delhi, from Kolkata.

The company also plans to substantially reduce its workforce size at its Batanagar unit

near Kolkata from the current levels of 5,000 to around 3,500 levels. “It is mainly to revamp the

aging workforce at the unit,” Mr Bata added. A voluntary retirement scheme is currently under

way. Bata India has had a long history of labour trouble on account of its strong unionised staff.

The operations at Batanagar will now be streamlined. For example, the unit will now focus more

on school shoes and mens’ shoes. Among the two units in the South, one will be in the

manufacture of HushPuppies and Wind range, while the other would focus on children’s shoes.

The entire retail set-up is also being given a new look. The retail chains are being broken into

four groups. The company will focus on 140 stores which would serve as the company’s

Flagship and City stores. Besides these, there would be the Family and Bazaar stores. These

stores would operate at the higher end of the market with higher margin niche product offerings.

“The big emphasis will now be on products and product designing,” said Mr Bata, who is the

third generation in the family business.

NIKE SHOESNike is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment

supplier based in the United States. The company is

headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, which is part of the

Portland metropolitan area. It is the world's leading supplier of

athletic shoes and apparel[3] and a major manufacturer of sports equipment with revenue in

excess of US$18.6 billion in its fiscal year 2008 (ending May 31, 2008). As of 2008, it employed

more than 30,000 people worldwide. Nike and Precision Castparts are the only Fortune 500

companies headquartered in the state of Oregon, according to The Oregonian. The company was

founded in January 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight, and

officially became Nike, Inc. in 1978. The company takes its name from Nike), the Greek goddess

of victory. Nike markets its products under its own brand as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+,

Air Jordan, Nike Skateboarding and subsidiaries including Cole Haan, Hurley International,

Umbro and Converse. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey (later renamed Nike Bauer) between 1995

and 2008. In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail

stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high profile athletes and sports teams

around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "Just do it" and the Swoosh logo.

History

Nike, originally known as "Blue Ribbon Sports", was founded by University of Oregon track

athlete Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bower man in January 1964. The company initially

operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger (now ASICS), making most

sales at track meets out of Knight's automobile. The company's profits grew quickly, and in

1967, BRS opened its first retail store, located on Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California.

By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end. BRS prepared to

launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the newly designed Swoosh by Carolyn

Davidson.[6] The Swoosh was first used by Nike in June 1971, and was registered with the U.S.

Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974. The first shoe sold to the public to carry this

design was a soccer shoe named Nike, which was released in the summer of 1971. In February

1972, BRS introduced its first line of Nike shoes, with the name Nike derived from the Greek

goddess of victory. In 1978, BRS, Inc. officially renamed itself to Nike, Inc.. Beginning with Ilie

Năstase, the first professional athlete to sign with BRS/Nike, the sponsorship of athletes became

a key marketing tool for the rapidly growing company.

The company's first self-designed product was based on Bower man’s "waffle" design.

After the University of Oregon resurfaced the track at Hayward Field, Bower man began

experimenting with different potential outsoles that would grip the new urethane track more

effectively. His efforts were rewarded one Sunday morning when he poured liquid urethane into

his wife's waffle iron. Bower man developed and refined the so-called 'waffle' sole which would

evolve into the now-iconic Waffle Trainer in 1974. By 1980, Nike had reached a 50% market

share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year. Its

growth was due largely to 'word-of-foot' advertising (to quote a Nike print ad from the late

1970s), rather than television ads. Nike's first national television commercials ran in October

1982 during the broadcast of the New York Marathon. The ads were created by Portland-based

advertising agency Wieden+Kennedy, which had formed several months earlier in April 1982.

Together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many print and television advertisements and

the agency continues to be Nike's primary today. It was agency co-founder Dan Wieden who

coined the now-famous slogan "Just Do It" for a 1988 Nike ad campaign, which was chosen by

Advertising Age as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20 th century, and the campaign has been

enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution.[8] San Franciscan Walt Stack was featured in Nike's first

"Just Do It" advertisement that debuted on July 1, 1988.[9] Wieden credits the inspiration for the

slogan to "Let’s do it", the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed.

Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to include many other sports and regions

throughout the world.

Acquisitions

As of November 2008, Nike, Inc. owns four key subsidiaries: Cole Haan, Hurley International,

Converse Inc. and Umbro. Nike's first acquisition was the upscale footwear company Cole Haan

in 1988. In February 2002, Nike bought surf apparel company Hurley International from founder

Bob Hurley. In July 2003, Nike paid US$309 million to acquire Converse Inc., makers of the

iconic Chuck Taylor All Stars. On March 3, 2008, Nike acquired sports apparel supplier Umbro,

known as the manufacturers of the England national football team's kit, in a deal said to be worth

£285 million (about US$600 million). Other subsidiaries previously owned and subsequently

sold by Nike include Bauer Hockey and Starter.

Products

Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment. Their first products

were track running shoes. They currently also make shoes, jerseys,

shorts, base layers etc. for a wide range of sports including track and

field, baseball, ice hockey, tennis, association football (soccer), lacrosse, basketball and cricket.

Nike Air Max is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. The most recent additions to

their line are the Nike 6.0, Nike NYX, and Nike SB shoes, designed for skateboarding. Nike has

recently introduced cricket shoes, called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their

competitors'. In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high-performance basketball shoe

designed with the environment in mind.

Nike sells an assortment of products, including shoes and apparel for sports activities like

association football, basketball, running, combat sports, tennis, American football, athletics, golf

and cross training for men, women, and children. Nike also sells shoes for outdoor activities such

as tennis, golf, skateboarding, association football, baseball, American football, cycling,

volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities, auto racing and other athletic and

recreational uses. Nike is well known and popular in youth culture, chav culture and hip hop

culture as they supply urban fashion clothing. Nike recently teamed up with Apple Inc. to

produce the Nike+ product which monitors a runner's performance via a radio device in the shoe

which links to the iPod nano. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized

by researchers who were able to identify users' RFID devices from 60 feet (18 m) away using

small, concealable intelligence motes in a wireless sensor network. In 2004, they launched the

SPARQ Training Program/Division. Some of Nike's newest shoes contain Flywire and Lunarlite

Foam. These are materials used to reduce the weight of many types of shoes. On July 15, 2009,

Nike+ Sports Band were released in stores. The Nike+ Sports Band recorded mileage ran,

calories lost, kept time, and also gives runners new programs online they can try running. The

2010 Nike Pro Combat jersey collection will be worn by Miami, Alabama, Boise State, Florida,

Ohio State, Oregon State, TCU, Virginia Tech, West Virginia, and Pittsburgh. Teams will wear

these jerseys in key match ups as well as any time the athletic department deems necessary.

Marketing strategy

Nike's marketing strategy is an important component of the company's success. Nike is

positioned as a premium-brand, selling well-designed and expensive products. Nike lures

customers with a marketing strategy centering around a brand image which is attained by

distinctive logo and the advertising slogan: "Just do it". Nike promotes its products by

sponsorship agreements with celebrity athletes, professional teams and college athletic teams.

However, Nike's marketing mix contains many elements besides promotion. These are

summarised below.

Advertising

In 1982, Nike aired its first national television ads, created by newly formed ad agency

Wieden+Kennedy, during the New York Marathon. This was the beginning of a successful

partnership between Nike and W+K that remains intact today. The Cannes Advertising Festival

has named Nike its Advertiser of the Year on two separate occasions, the first and only company

to receive that honor twice (1994, 2003). Nike also has earned the Emmy Award for best

commercial twice since the award was first created in the 1990s. The first was for "The Morning

After," a satirical look at what a runner might face on the morning of January 1, 2000 if every

dire prediction about Y2K came to fruition. The second Emmy for advertising earned by Nike

was for a 2002 spot called "Move," which featured a series of famous and everyday athletes in a

stream of athletic pursuits. In addition to garnering awards, Nike advertising has generated its

fair share of controversy.

Expanding the Nike Brand

Looking to expand the line, Bower man began experimenting with the concept of athletic shoes

with rubber spikes. By pouring a liquid rubber compound into his wife's waffle iron, Bowerman

created an innovative running-shoe sole. The company unveiled Nike "Moon Shoes" featuring

the Waffle sole for athletes competing at the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Ore., in 1972. A

succession of shoes, many based on the waffle outsole, followed. Some of the most famous are

the Waffle Racer, Air Force One and Air Max 97.

Nike Shoe Company Time line

Nike shoes are named for Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. The logo, known as the "Swoosh"

mark, is put on everything Nike makes--shoes, equipment and apparel. Since the early 1970s to

the present day, the name Nike is synonymous with high quality athletic footwear.

1964 to 1971

Bill Bower man and Phil Knight formed Blue Ribbon Sports, later called BRS Inc., in 1967. In

1971, their first product was a soccer cleat called the Nike.

1972 to 1980

Nike "moon shoes" were created in 1972, featuring the "waffle sole." They became popular with

professional athletes. In 1977, the Nike "air sole" was created. Nike Air cushioning was featured

in stores in 1979. Nike went public in 1980.

1984 to 1987

Basketball star Michael Jordan signed an endorsement deal with Nike in 1984. In 1985, his shoe,

the "Air Jordan," was released, and profits from its sales exceeded a billion dollars by 1986. Nike

expanded into sports apparel in 1987.

1988 to 1996

The Nike slogan, "Just Do It" was created in 1988. A store called NikeTown opened in Oregon

in 1990. Golf star Tiger Woods signed an endorsement contract with Nike in 1996.

1999 to 2003

Bill Bower man died in 1999. In 2003, Nike bought out Converse for over $300 million.

2004 to Present

Phil Knight retired as CEO/President in 2004. William Perez succeeded Knight, but resigned in

2006. The current (2009) CEO is Mark Parker. The company has recently seen an upswing in

online sales (see Resources).

What are the benefits of Nike Air? Nike Air is pressurized air inside a tough, yet flexible bag. These Air Sole units are located in the

midsole beneath the heel, forefoot or in both locations. The Air Sole unit compresses to reduce

the force of impact and then immediately recovers to its original shape and volume, ready for the

next impact.

The 4 main benefits of Nike Air:

Lightweight - By displacing heavier midsole materials with Nike Air cushioning, we can reduce

the weight of the shoe without sacrificing performance. This is important because the lighter the

shoe, the less energy the athlete must expend during performance.

Versatile – This is important because different athletes in different sports require different

performance characteristics. Nike Air cushioning can be tuned to meet the exact specifications of

athletic performance.

Cushioning – As the foot strikes the ground, Nike Air cushioning "gives" or absorbs the impact

forces and allows the muscles, joints and tendons to be protected. And it will immediately return

to its original shape ready to protect the body against the next impact force. As a result, the

athlete is able to protect their body from fatigue and stress.

Durable – Durability is important because athletes need the cushioning to last in their shoes.

Nike Air cushioning provides constant cushioning throughout the life of the shoes.

Main Types of Nike Air:

Encapsulated Air (Air-Sole) – This Air Sole is durable, versatile protection at an affordable

price. The Air Pegasus is an example of a Nike running shoe with encapsulated air, meaning you

cannot see the air when looking at the shoe.

Air Max – Maximum impact cushioning. The brutul, repetitive, downward force of sport can

wreak havoc on the body - and on performance. Air Max cushioning is specifically engineered to

handle these impacts and provide protection. The Air Max 360 is an example of a Nike running

shoe with Air Max.

Zooms Air – The Ultimate in low profile impact protection, very durable Air cushioning is

provided in a stable low to the ground, responsive system. The Air Zoom Moire+ is an example

of a Nike running shoe with Zoom Air.

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Market Analysis of Branded ShoesStanding on the threshold of a retail revolution and witnessing a fast changing retail landscape,

the Indian footwear market is set to experience the phenomenal growth in coming years. In past

few years too, the market has seen robust growth, says “Indian Footwear Industry Analysis”

report. This report provides extensive research and in-depth analysis on the Indian footwear

market. The detailed data and analysis given in the report will help the client to evaluate the

leading-edge opportunities critical to the success of the footwear market in India. The forecasts

and estimations given in this report are not based on a complex economic model, but are

intended as a rough guide to the direction in which the market is likely to move. This forecast is

based on a correlation between past market growth and growth of base drivers.

Key Findings

The Indian footwear retail market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 20% for the

period spanning from 2008 to 2011.

Footwear is expected to comprise about 60% of the total leather exports by 2011 from

over 38% in 2006-07.

Presently, the Indian footwear market is dominated by Men’s footwear market that

accounts for nearly 58% of the total Indian footwear retail market.

By products, the Indian footwear market is dominated by casual footwear market that

makes up for nearly two-third of the total footwear retail market.

As footwear retailing in India remain focused on men’s shoes, there exists a plethora of

opportunities in the exclusive ladies’ and kids’ footwear segment with no organized

retailing chain having a national presence in either of these categories.

The Indian footwear market scores over other footwear markets as it gives benefits like

low cost of production, abundant raw material, and has huge consumption market.

The footwear component industry also has enormous opportunity for growth to cater to

increasing production of footwear of various types, both for export and domestic market.

Key Players

This section provides business overview and financial status of key players in the Indian

footwear market. The key players discussed in the report are Bata India Ltd., Adidas Shoe Ltd.,

Adidas AG, NIKE Inc. and Puma AG.

Research Methodology Used

Information Sources

Information has been sourced from books, newspapers, trade journals, and white papers, industry

portals, government agencies, trade associations, monitoring industry news and developments,

and through access to more than 3000 paid databases.

Analysis Methods

The analysis method includes ratio analysis, historical trend analysis, linear regression analysis

using software tools, judgmental forecasting, and cause and effect analysis.

Research Methodology

Research

Research is a purposeful investigation. It is a scientific & systematic search for knowledge &

intimation on a specific topic research is use full & research objective can be achieved if it is

done in proposes process.

Methodology

The world methodology spell the meaning itself if the method used by the researches in

obtaining information. The data (information can be collected from primary sources & secondary

sources.) By primary data we mean data collected by researches him for the first time to

collaborate the data which has previously not been used is known as primary data by secondary

data we mean the data collected from various published matters, a Magazine newspapers status

of previous research report etc. In other words we can say that the data which has already been

used your different purpose by different people is known as secondary Primary data can be

collected through questionnaire and personal interview as for as concern my research is limited

to dealers personality Secondary data are collected from the various books journals new

spapereditional expert suggestions web sites & internet & etc.

Research is a common language refers to a search of knowledge. Research is scientific &

systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic, infect research is an art of

scientific investigation. Research Methodology is a scientific way to solve research problem. It

may be understood as a science of studying how research is doing scientifically. In it we study

various steps that are generally adopted by researchers in studying their research problem. It is

necessary for researchers to know not only know research method techniques but also

technology.

The scope of Research Methodology is wider than that of research methods.

The research problem consists of series of closely related activities. At times, the first step

determines the native of the last step to be undertaken. Why a research has been defined, what

data has been collected and what a particular methods have been adopted and a host of similar

other questions are usually answered when we talk of research methodology concerning a

research problem or study. The project is a study where focus is on the following points:

RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is defined, as the specification of methods and procedures for

acquiring the Information needed. It is a plant or organizing framework for doing the study and

collecting the data.

Designing a research plan requires decisions all the data sources, research approaches,

Research instruments, sampling plan and contact methods.

Research design is mainly of following types: -

1. Exploratory research.

2. Descriptive studies

3. Experimental

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH

The major purposes of exploratory studies are the identification of problems, the

more precise Formulation of problems and the formulations of new alternative courses of action.

The design of exploratory studies is characterized by a great amount of flexibility and ad-hoc

veracity.

DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES

Descriptive research in contrast to exploratory research is marked by the prior

formulation of specific research Questions. The investigator already knows a substantial

amount about the research problem. Perhaps as a Result of an exploratory study, before the

project is initiated. Descriptive research is also characterized by a Preplanned and structured

design.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: -

A casual design investigates the cause and effect relationships between two or more variables.

The hypothesis is tested and the experiment is done. There are following types of casual designs:

I. After only design

II. Before after design

III. Before after with control group design

IV. Four groups, six studies design

V. After only with control group design.

VI. Consumer panel design

VII. Exposit facto design

PRIMARY DATA

These data are collected first time as original data. The data is recorded as observed or

encountered. Essentially they are raw materials. They may be combined, totaled but they have

not extensively been statistically processed. For example, data obtained by the peoples.

SECONDARY DATA

Sources of Secondary Data

Following are the main sources of secondary data:

1. Official Publications.

2. Publications Relating to Trade:

3. Journal/ Newspapers etc.:

4. Data Collected by Industry Associations:

5. Unpublished Data: Data may be obtained from several companies, organizations, working in the same areas like magazines.

Period of Study: This study has been carried out for a maximum period of 4 weeks.

Area of study: The study is exclusively done in the area of marketing. It is a process requiring

care, sophistication, experience, business judgment, and imagination for which there can be no

mechanical substitutes.

Sampling Design: The convenience sampling is done because any probability sampling

procedure would require detailed information about the universe, which is not easily available

further, it being an exploratory research.

Sample Procedure: In this study “judgmental sampling procedure is used. Judgmental

sampling is preferred because of some limitation and the complexity of the random sampling.

Area sampling is used in combination with convenience sampling so as to collect the data from

different regions of the city and to increase reliability.

Sampling Size: The sampling size of the study is 100 users.

Method of the Sampling:

Probability Sampling

It is also known as random sampling. Here, every item of the universe has an equal chance or

probability of being chosen for sample.

Probability sampling may be taken inform of:

Simple Random Sampling A simple random sample gives each member of the

population an equal chance of being chosen.  It is not a haphazard sample as some people think! 

One way of achieving a simple random sample is to number each element in the sampling frame

and then use random numbers to select the required sample. Random numbers can be obtained

using your calculator, a spreadsheet, printed tables of random numbers, or by the more

traditional methods of drawing slips of paper from a hat, tossing coins or rolling dice.

Systematic Random Sampling

This is random sampling with a system! From the sampling frame, a starting point is chosen at

random, and thereafter at regular intervals.

Stratified Random Sampling

With stratified random sampling, the population is first divided into a number of parts or 'strata'

according to some characteristic, chosen to be related to the major variables being studied. For

this survey, the variable of interest is the citizen's attitude to the redevelopment scheme, and the

stratification factor will be the values of the respondents' homes. This factor was chosen because

it seems reasonable to suppose that it will be related to people's attitudes.

Cluster and area Sampling

Cluster sampling is a sampling technique used when "natural" groupings are evident in a

statistical population. It is often used in marketing research. In this technique, the total

population is divided into these groups (or clusters) and a sample of the groups is selected. Then

the required information is collected from the elements within each selected group. This may be

done for every element in these groups or a sub sample of elements may be selected within each

of these groups.

Non Probability Sampling

It is also known as deliberate or purposive or judge mental sampling. In this type of sampling,

every item in the universe does not have an equal, chance of being included in a sample.

It is of following type:

Convenience SamplingA convenience sample chooses the individuals that are easiest to reach or sampling that is done

easy. Convenience sampling does not represent the entire population so it is considered bias.

Quota Sampling

In quota sampling the selection of the sample is made by the interviewer, who has been given

quotas to fill from specified sub-groups of the population.

Judgment Sampling

The sampling technique used here in probability > Random Sampling.

The total sample size is 100 profiles.

I have selected Probability sampling method for this research study.

Data Collection: - Data is collected from various customers through personal interaction.

Specific questionnaire is prepared for collecting data. Data is collected with more interaction and

formal discussion with different respondents and we collect data about investment pattern of

people by face to face contact with the persons from whom the information is to be obtained

(known as informants). The interviewer asks them questions pertaining to the survey and

collects the desired information.

Limitation

Survey Area:-

The survey area is limited to only Ghazipur district (Urban). Hence, the finding

cannot be generalized.

Sampling Design:-

There are different type of Sampling like, probability, Area, random, purposive,

convenience and judgmental.

Along these, the researcher choose only convenience, purposive and judgmental

sampling.

The data are collected on the convenience basis, which was suited to the

researcher is survey. Whenever he found the related individual, he ask some

questions to them and field up this questionnaire.

Judge metal means, the researcher know that who me get have to give preference .

The person who was suitable for his research. He selected and asked questions to

home & left others. These three designs were suitable for the survey and without

them the researcher cannot reach to any condition.

Data Collection:-Two methods were adopted interview and telephonic interview through” questionnaire” It

was suitable for survey because, If the interview asked questions orally then he will come it

trouble at the time of sorting and analysis of collected data questionnaire method is just for

easiness of survey.

Quantity of data:-The researcher collected 500 data. It may be exceeded, but it will create problem in

future. The second reason for this limited quantity was that the time was too short. For the sake

of limited time and escape from the expenses the researcher selected this quantity of data.

1-Do you know obout branded shoes?

(a) Yes (b) No

Interpretation:-

There are 90% Population says Yes & 10% population are says No obout branded shoes.

(2) Which brands shoes you have?

(a) Adidas (b) Woodland (c) Reebok (d) Bata

Interpretation:-

There are 20% population are says Adidas, 30% population are says Woodland, 40% population are says Reebok & 10% population are says Bata brands shoes have.

(3) Which brands have a better qualities shoes?

(a) Adidas (b) Woodland (c) Reebok (d) Bata

Interpretation:-

There are 20% population are says Adidas, 35% population are says Woodland, 45% population are says Reebok & 10% population are says Bata brands have a better qualities shoes.

(4) Customer prefrence depends upon?

(a) Branded (b0 Avalability (c) Advertisement (d) Scheme

Interpretation:-

There are 30% population are says Branded, 50% population are says Availability,15% population are says Advertisement & 5% population are says Scheme Customer prefrence depends upon.

(5) Does price effect your purchase decision?

(a) Yes (b) No

Interpretation:-

There are 70% Population says Yes & 30% population are says No price effect purchase decision.

(6) Which company more focus on advertisement?

(a) Adidas (b) Woodland (c) Reebok (d) Bata

Interpretation:-

There are 20% population are says Adidas, 10% population are says Woodland, 65% population are says Reebok & 5% population are says Bata are focus on advertisement.

(7) Does durability & availability of shoes effect your purchase decision?

(a) Yes (b) No

Interpretation:-

There are 80% Population says Yes & 20% population are says No durability & availability of shoes effect purchase decision.

(8) What is availability of your preferrad brands?

(a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Bad (d) Not Available

Interpretation:-

There are 50% population are says Excellent, 30% population are says Good, 20% population are says Bad & 0% population are says Not Available.

(9) Which company offer more promotionnal schemes?

(a) Adidas (b) Woodland (c) Reebok (d) Bata

Interpretation:-

There are 25% population are says Adidas, 25% population are says Woodland, 40% population are says Reebok & 10% population are says Bata offer more promotionnal schemes.

(10) From where you get information about your product?

(a) Media 9b) Print Media (c) Friend (d) Other

Interpretation:-

There are 40% population are says Media, 30% population are says Print Media, 20% population are says Friend & 10% population are says Other get information about your product.

(11) Are you Satisfied with the price of branded shoes?

(a) Yes (b) No

Interpretation:-

There are 85% Population says Yes & 15% population are says No Satisfied with the price of branded shoes.

Finding In my topic, “Market analysis of Branded Shoes available in Ghazipur City”

I collect lots of information about the Shoes brand in Ghazipur city.

I found that.

There are 90% Population says Yes & 10% population are says No obout branded shoes.

There are 20% population are says Adidas, 30% population are says Woodland, 40%

population are says Reebok & 10% population are says Bata brands shoes have.

There are 20% population are says Adidas, 35% population are says Woodland, 45%

population are says Reebok & 10% population are says Bata brands have a better

qualities shoes.

There are 30% population are says Branded, 50% population are says Availability,15%

population are says Advertisement & 5% population are says Scheme Customer

prefrence depends upon.

There are 70% Population says Yes & 30% population are says No price effect purchase

decision.

There are 20% population are says Adidas, 10% population are says Woodland, 65%

population are says Reebok & 5% population are says Bata are focus on advertisement.

There are 80% Population says Yes & 20% population are says No durability &

availability of shoes effect purchase decision.

There are 50% population are says Excellent, 30% population are says Good, 20%

population are says Bad & 0% population are says Not Available.

Conclusion

High fashion shoes may be made of very expensive materials in complex construction and sell

for thousands of dollars a pair. Other shoes are for very specific purposes, such as boots specially

designed for mountaineering or skiing. Shoes have traditionally been made from leather, wood or

canvas, but are increasingly made from rubber, plastics, and other petrochemical-derived

materials. Until recent years, shoes were not worn by most of the world's population—largely

because they could not afford them. Only with the advent of mass production, making shoes

available very cheaply, has shoe-wearing become predominant. The foot contains more bones

than any other single part of the body. Though it has evolved over hundreds of thousands of

years in relation to vastly varied terrain and climate conditions, the foot is still vulnerable to

environmental hazards such as sharp rocks and hot ground, which shoes can protect against.

Suggestion

The Company’s clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the same

motif is incorporated into Adidas's current official logo. Reebok International Limited, a

subsidiary of the German sportswear company adidas, is a producer of Athletic shoes, apparel,

and accessories. The Woodlands was dedicated by George P. Mitchell in 1974, managed by The

Woodlands Corporation as an extension of Mitchell Energy & Development. Woodland A name

which all of us trust for its quality, durability and style.

QUESTIONNAIRE

DEAR RESPONDENT

Myself Abhishek yadav Pursuing B.B.A at TERI P.G. GHAZIPUR. I seek your responses and kind co-operation for the purpose of successful of my research report.

THANK YOU

Abhishek yadav

B.B.A.4th SEM. T.E.R.I P.G. College Ghazipur

NAME:-

GENDER: - AGE:-

OCCUPATION:-

ADD:-

1-Do you know obout branded shoes?

(a) Yes (b) No

(2) Which brands shoes you have?

(a) Adidas (b) Woodland (c) Reebok (d) Bata

(3) Why brands have a better qualities shoes?

(a) Adidas (b) Woodland (c) Reebok (d) Bata

(4) Customer prefrence depends upon?

(a) Branded (b0 Avalability (c) Advertisement (d) Scheme

(5) Does price effect your purchase decision?

(a) Yes (b) No

(6) Which company more focus on advertisement?

(a) Adidas (b) Woodland (c) Reebok (d) Bata

(7) Does durability & availability of shoes effect your purchase decision?

(a) Yes (b) No

(8) What is availability of your preferrad brands?

(a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Bad (d) Not Available

(9) Which company offer more promotionnal schemes?

(a) Adidas (b) Woodland (c) Reebok (d) Bata

(10) From where you get information about your product?

(a) Media 9b) Print Media (c) Friend (d) Other

(11) Are you Satisfied with the price of branded shoes?

(a) Yes (b) No

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION INTERNET

www.google.com,

www.shoesbrand.com

www.search.com

C.R. KOTHARI RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PHILIP KOTLER MARKETING MANAGEMENT

MAGEZINES

JOURNALS