MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION...marker-assisted selection in poultry 185 Dirk-Jan de Koning and Paul M....
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Transcript of MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION...marker-assisted selection in poultry 185 Dirk-Jan de Koning and Paul M....
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSRome, 2007
Edited by
Elcio P. GuimarãesJohn RuaneBeate D. ScherfAndrea SonninoJames D. Dargie
Current status and future perspectivesin crops, livestock, forestry and fish
MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION
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Frontespizio.pdf 16/5/07 08:31:05
Reprint 2009
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
ISBN 978-92-5-105717-9
All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fullyacknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Electronic Publishing Policy and Support BranchCommunication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected]
© FAO 2007
Disclamer-reprint.indd 1 27-01-2009 16:12:35
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Contents
Acknowledgements viForeword viiAbbreviationsandacronyms ixContributors xv
SeCtion i – introduCtion to marker-aSSiSted SeleCtion 1
Chapter 1marker-assisted selection as a tool for genetic improvement of crops, livestock, forestry and fish in developing countries: an overview of the issues 3
JohnRuaneandAndreaSonnino
Chapter 2an assessment of the use of molecular markers in developing countries 15
AndreaSonnino,MarceloJ.Carena,ElcioP.Guimarães,RoswithaBaumung,DafyddPillingandBarbaraRischkowsky
SeCtion ii – marker-aSSiSted SeleCtion in CropS – CaSe StudieS 27
Chapter 3molecular markers for use in plant molecular breeding and germplasm evaluation 29
JeremyD.EdwardsandSusanR.McCouch
Chapter 4marker-assisted selection in wheat: evolution, not revolution 51
RobertKoebnerandRichardSummers
Chapter 5marker-assisted selection for improving quantitative traits of forage crops 59
OeneDolstra,ChristelDenneboom,AbL.F.deVosandE.N.vanLoo
Chapter 6targeted introgression of cotton fibre quality quantitative trait loci using molecular markers 67
Jean-MarcLacape,Trung-BieuNguyen,BernadHauandMarcGiband
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Chapter 7marker-assisted selection in common beans and cassava 81
MathewW.Blair,MartinA.Fregene,SteveE.BeebeandHernánCeballos
Chapter 8marker-assisted selection in maize: current status, potential, limitations and perspectives from the private and public sectors 117
MichelRagotandMichaelLee
Chapter 9molecular marker-assisted selection for resistance to pathogens in tomato 151
AmaliaBaroneandLuigiFrusciante
SeCtion iii – marker-aSSiSted SeleCtion in liveStoCk – CaSe StudieS 165
Chapter 10Strategies, limitations and opportunities for marker-assisted selection in livestock 167
JackC.M.DekkersandJuliusH.J.vanderWerf
Chapter 11marker-assisted selection in poultry 185
Dirk-JandeKoningandPaulM.Hocking
Chapter 12marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle 199
JoelIraWeller
Chapter 13marker-assisted selection in sheep and goats 229
JuliusH.J.vanderWerf
SeCtion iv – marker-aSSiSted SeleCtion in foreStry – CaSe StudieS 249
Chapter 14marker-assisted selection in Eucalyptus 251
DarioGrattapaglia
Chapter 15marker-assisted selection in forestry species 283
PennyButcherandSimonSoutherton
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SeCtion v – marker-aSSiSted SeleCtion in fiSh – CaSe StudieS 307
Chapter 16possibilities for marker-assisted selection in aquaculture breeding schemes 309
AnnaK.Sonesson
Chapter 17marker-assisted selection in fish and shellfish breeding schemes 329
VictorMartinez
SeCtion vi – SeleCted iSSueS relevant to appliCationS of marker-aSSiSted SeleCtion in developing CountrieS 363
Chapter 18marker-assisted selection in crop and livestock improvement: how to strengthen national research capacity and international partnerships 365
MaurícioAntônioLopes
Chapter 19technical, economic and policy considerations on marker-assisted selection in crops: lessons from the experience at an international agricultural research centre 381
H.ManilalWilliam,MichaelMorris,MarilynWarburtonandDavidA.Hoisington
Chapter 20impacts of intellectual property rights on marker-assisted selection research and application for agriculture in developing countries 405
VictoriaHenson-Apollonio
Chapter 21marker-assisted selection as a potential tool for genetic improvement in developing countries: debating the issues 427
JonathanRobinsonandJohnRuane
Chapter 22marker-assisted selection: policy considerations and options for developing countries 441
JamesD.Dargie
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acknowledgements
Preparation of this major publication on marker-assisted selection would not havebeen possible without the committed support of a large number of individualsfrom the time that the idea of this publication was initially raised in early 2004.First and foremost among these are the members of the FAO Working Group onBiotechnology, in particular its former Chairperson, Jim Dargie, and his successor,ShivajiPandey.Threeofthemembers,DevinBartley(FAOAquacultureManagementand Conservation Service), Pierre Sigaud (formerly of FAO Forest ResourcesDevelopment Service) and Nuria Urquia (FAO Seed and Plant Genetic ResourcesService),aswellasPaulBoettcher(JointFAO/IAEADivisionofNuclearTechniquesinFoodandAgriculture)andEricHallerman(VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity, United States of America) are particularly thanked for commenting onindividualchaptersinthebook.
Thanks are also extended to Adrianna Gabrielli, Michela Paganini and ChrissiRedfernfortheirassistancewitheditorialandlayoutaspectsofthispublication.
Finally, special thanks go to all the authors for dedicating their time and effortstothepreparationofthesechaptersinanexemplaryandtimelyfashionandfortheirmeticulousattentiontodetailintheeditingprocess.
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foreword
Since almost the beginning of human civilization, exploiting variation in thecharacteristicsoftheplantandanimalgeneticresourcesthatareusedforproducingfoodandotheragriculturalproductsthroughbreedinghasbeenattheheartofeffortsto increase and diversify agricultural production and productivity, enhance foodsecurityand incomes,andadapt farming tochangingenvironmentalconditionsandsocialneeds.Initially,thiswasachievedsimplybyselectingandreproducingpreferredindividualsorspontaneousvariants,andindeedthispracticeremainsimportanttodayas the basis for producing new generations of cultivated landraces and indigenousbreeds.However,thecrops,trees,livestockandfishthatarefarmedtodayhavearisenlargelyfromtheintroductionofscientificbreedingatthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury, with the inclusion of crosses into breeding schemes prior to artificialselectionandapplicationofMendel’slawsofinheritancetoimprovebothsimpleandquantitativetraitsprovidingthefoundationsformoderngenetics.
Today, thanks to continuing investments made in research and technologydevelopment,theprocessofproducingimprovedvarieties,clones,breedsandstrainsofagriculturallyimportantspecieshasbecomeprogressivelymoreaccurate,reliableandefficient.Nevertheless,oneof thecontinuingtechnicalconstraints tomoreeffectivebreeding is that selecting material with one or a combination of the characteristicsrequiredbyfarmers,foresters,industryandconsumersstillreliesmainlyonphysicaland agronomic attributes (phenotype). Some of these characteristics are influencedby the environment and are therefore not necessarily a good guide to the actualheritablegeneticcomposition(genotype)ofthematerialinquestion.Othersmaynotbevisibleormayonlybedetectedinmatureplantsandanimals.Othersagainmaybedifficultorverycostlytoscreen,andmanycharacterssuchasdroughttoleranceandmilkcompositionarecontrolledbyalargenumberofgeneswhosemodeofactionaswell as their interactionwitheachother andwithvarious environmental triggers ismainlyunknown.Improvingthe identification,selectionandmonitoringofspecificcharactersinplantsandanimalsthroughbreedingschemesisthereforeacriticalneedtosecurefutureimprovementsingeneticresourcesforfoodandagriculture.
SincethefirstdescriptionofDNAstructureover50yearsago,scientistshavemadetremendous strides in identifying genes and gene functions, making it increasinglypossible to detect genetic differences (DNA polymorphisms) for traits amongindividual plants and animals in a much more direct way, thereby assisting in theselection of desired traits. The central technology involved is molecular marker-assistedselection(MAS),usingsequencesand/orbandingpatternsofDNAthathavebeen shown through linkagemapping tobe located inorneargenes that affect thephenotype.Thesemolecularmarkerscanthenbeusedtoassist breederstrackwhether
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thespecificgeneorchromosomesegment(s)knowntoaffectthephenotypeofinterestispresentintheindividualsorpopulationsofinterest.
Althoughtheultimategoalofidentifyingthelocation,functionandmostfavourableallelesofeachgenethroughgenomesequenceandpost-genomicsresearch,andthenusing markers to select for economically important genes in breeding programmes,is still decades away, in recent years the use of MAS in agriculture has movedprogressively from theory to practical application. In the process, it has generatedbothhighexpectations for increasinggeneticprogress throughbreeding, andraisedanumberofunresolvedchallenges.Theseinclude:selectionofthemostappropriatemethods and tools for MAS among the many now available for the task at hand,analysingandmanagingthedataproducedgiventheincreasingtrendtowardshigh-throughputtechniquesandtheconstraintsimposedbysuboptimallevelsofresourcescurrentlyattachedtobreedingandscienceandtechnologyincludingbiotechnology,anddealingwithintellectualpropertyrights,especiallyindevelopingcountries.
Sinceitsfoundation,FAOhasrecognizedthatthebiologicalbasisforsustainableagricultural production, fighting hunger and world food security lies in the geneticresources used for food and agriculture. It has also recognized the enormouscontributions that have been made to the improvement of these resources throughbothtraditionalandmoreadvancedbreeding,aswellastheever-increasingroleplayedby biotechnology in improving breeding processes and products. As a knowledgeorganization,oneofFAO’smajorrolesistoprovideitsMembersandtheirinstitutionswith factual, comprehensiveandcurrent informationrelevant to soundstewardshipofcrops,livestock,forestryandfisheries,therebyensuringitsavailabilityasaglobalpublicgood.Thisbook,byprovidingacomprehensivedescriptionandassessmentoftheuseofMASforincreasingtherateofgeneticgainincrops,livestock,forestryandfarmedfish,includingtherelatedpolicy,organizationalandresourceconsiderations,continues the Organization’s tradition of dealing with issues of importance toagricultural and economic development in a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoralmanner. As such it is hoped that the information and options presented and thesuggestions made will provide valuable guidance to scientists and breeders in boththepublicandprivatesectors,aswellastogovernmentandinstitutionalpolicy-anddecision-makers.
Shivaji PandeyChairperson
FAOWorkingGrouponBiotechnology
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abbreviations and acronyms
AATF AfricanAgriculturalTechnologyFoundationAB-QTL AdvancedbackcrossQTLACMV AfricancassavamosaicvirusAFLP AmplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphismAI ArtificialinseminationAMBIONET AsianMaizeBiotechnologyNetworkAMMANET AfricanMolecularMarkerApplicationsNetworkAnGR AnimalgeneticresourcesASARECA AssociationforStrengtheningAgriculturalResearchin
EasternandCentralAfricaBAC BacterialartificialchromosomeBCMNV BeancommonmosaicnecroticvirusBCMV BeancommonmosaicvirusBecA BioscienceseasternandcentralAfricaBGYMV BeangoldenyellowmosaicvirusBIO-EARN EastAfricanRegionalProgrammeandResearch
NetworkforBiotechnology,BiosafetyandBiotechnologyPolicyDevelopment
BLUP Bestlinearunbiasedpredictionbp BasepairsBSAPs BiodiversityStrategiesandActionPlansBt Bacillus thuriengensisBTA Bos tauruschromosomeBYDV BarleyyellowdwarfvirusCAADP ComprehensiveAfricaAgricultureDevelopment
ProgrammeCAPS CleavedamplifiedpolymorphicsequencesCBB CassavabacterialblightCBS CassavabrownstreakCBSD CassavabrownstreakdiseaseCCN CerealcystnematodecDNA ComplementaryDNACGIAR ConsultativeGrouponInternationalAgricultural
ResearchCGM CassavagreenmiteCI Confidenceinterval
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CIAT InternationalCenterforTropicalAgriculture(CentroInternacionaldeAgriculturaTropical)
CIMMYT InternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCenter(CentroInternacionaldeMejoramientodeMaízyTrigo)
CIP InternationalPotatoCenterCentro(InternacionaldelaPapa)
CIRAD FrenchAgriculturalResearchCentreforInternationalDevelopment(Centredecoopérationinternationaleenrechercheagronomiquepourledéveloppement)
cM Centi-MorganCMD CassavamosaicdiseaseCMV CassavamosaicvirusCORPOICA ColombianAgriculturalResearchCorporation
(CorporaciónColombianadeInvestigaciónAgropecuaria)
CR CountryreportCT ComputertomographyDArT DiversityarraytechnologyDFID UnitedKingdom’sDepartmentforInternational
DevelopmentDH Double-haploidDHPLC DenaturinghighpressureliquidchromatographyDMC DrymattercontentDNA DeoxyribonucleicacidDYD DaughteryielddeviationEACMV EastAfricacassavamosaicvirusEBV EstimatedbreedingvalueEC EuropeanCommissionECOSOC EconomicandSocialCounciloftheUnitedNationseQTL ExpressedgeneQTLEST ExpressedsequencetagESTP ExpressedsequencetaggedpolymorphismEU EuropeanUnionEUCAGEN EucalyptusGenomeNetworkF1 FirstfilialgenerationF2 SecondfilialgenerationFAO FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnited
NationsFAO-BioDeC FAOBiotechnologyinDevelopingCountriesFHB Fusariumheadblight
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FIVIMS FoodInsecurityandVulnerabilityInformationandMappingSystems
FNP FunctionalnucleotidepolymorphismFSC ForestStewardshipCouncilFSIL Full-sibintercrosslineGABI GenomeanalysisoftheplantbiologicalsystemGAS Gene-assistedselectionGCA GeneralcombiningabilityGCP GenerationChallengeProgrammeGDP GrossdomesticproductGE GeneticengineeringGH GrowthhormoneGIS GeographicalinformationsystemsGMOs GeneticallymodifiedorganismsGRDC GrainsResearchandDevelopmentCorporationGRFA GeneticresourcesforfoodandagricultureGRM Gameticrelationshipmatrixh2 HeritabilityHIPC HeavilyindebtedpoorcountriesHWE Hardy-WeinbergequilibriumIAC InterAcademyCouncilIAP InterAcademyPanelIARCs InternationalagriculturalresearchcentresIBD IdentitybydescentICAR IndianCouncilforAgriculturalResearchICMV IndiancassavamosaicvirusICRISAT InternationalCropsResearchInstitutefortheSemi-
AridTropicsICSU InternationalCouncilforScienceIFPRI InternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstituteIHN InfectioushaematopoieticnecrosisIITA InternationalInstituteofTropicalAgricultureILRI InternationalLivestockResearchInstituteINIFAP NationalInstituteforForestry,Agriculture
andLivestockResearch(InstitutoNacionaldeInvestigacionesForestalesyAgropecuarias)
IP IntellectualpropertyIPGRI InternationalPlantGeneticResourceInstituteIPR IntellectualpropertyrightIRR InternalrateofreturnIRRI InternationalRiceResearchInstituteISAG InternationalSocietyforAnimalGenetics
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ISNAR InternationalServiceforNationalAgriculturalResearch
ISSR Inter-simplesequencerepeatsITPGRFA InternationalTreatyonPlantGeneticResourcesfor
FoodandAgricultureJGI JointGenomeInstituteKARI KenyaAgriculturalResearchInstituteLD LinkagedisequilibriumLDL LinkagedisequilibriumandlinkageLD-MAS LinkagedisequilibriumMASLE LinkageequilibriumLE-MAS LinkageequilibriumMASLIMS LaboratoryinformationmanagementsystemLOD LogarithmoftheoddsratioMABC Marker-assistedback-crossingMA-BLUP Marker-assistedbestlinearunbiasedpredictionMAI Marker-assistedintrogressionMALDI-TOF Matrix-assistedlaserdesorption/ionization-timeof
flightMARS Marker-assistedrecurrentselectionMAS Marker-assistedselectionMBL MedicalbiotechnologylaboratoriesMC MolecularcharacterizationMD Marek’sdiseaseMDG MillenniumDevelopmentGoalsMFA MicrofibrilangleMHC MajorhistocompatibilitycomplexmiRNA MicroRNAML MaximumlikelihoodMoDAD MeasurementofdomesticanimaldiversitymRNA MessengerRNAMSV MaizestreakvirusMTA MaterialTransferAgreementNARES NationalagriculturalresearchandextensionsystemsNARS NationalagriculturalresearchsystemsNDA Non-disclosureagreementNEPAD NewPartnershipforAfrica’sDevelopmentNGO Non-governmentalorganizationNIRS NearinfraredreflectancespectroscopyNPV NetpresentvalueNUE Nitrogenuseefficiency
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OBM OrangeblossommidgeOECD OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationand
DevelopmentOIE WorldOrganisationforAnimalHealthOPV Open-pollinatedvarietyPAGE PolyacrylamidegelelectrophoresisPBRs Plantbreeders’rightsPCR PolymerasechainreactionPGRFA PlantgeneticresourcesforfoodandagriculturePIC PolymorphicinformationcontentPPB ParticipatoryplantbreedingPPD Post-harvestphysiologicaldeteriorationPRSPs PovertyreductionstrategypapersPT ProgenytestPVP PlantvarietyprotectionQPM QualityproteinmaizeQTL Quantitativetraitloci(orlocus)QTL-NILs NearisogeniclinesforQTLQTN QuantitativetraitnucleotideR&D ResearchanddevelopmentRAPD RandomamplifiedpolymorphicDNArDNA RibosomalDNARFLP RestrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphismRGA ResistancegeneanaloguesRNA RibonucleicacidRRA RapidruralappraisalS&T ScienceandtechnologySACMV SouthAfricancassavamosaicvirusSAGE SerialanalysisofgeneexpressionSBMV Soil-bornemosaicvirusSCA SpecificcombiningabilitySCAR SequencecharacterizedamplifiedregionSCN SoybeancystnematodeSCS SomaticcellscoreSDS-PAGE Sodiumdodecylsulphatepolyacrylamidegel
electrophoresissiRNA ShortinterferingRNASLS-MAS Singlelarge-scaleMASSLU SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciencesSMA SimplemarkeranalysisSNP Singlenucleotidepolymorphism
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SoW-AnGR StateoftheWorld’sAnimalGeneticResourcesSPS Agreement WTOAgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryand
PhytosanitaryMeasuresSSCP SinglestrandconformationpolymorphismSSLP SimplesequencelengthpolymorphismSSR Simplesequencerepeat(syn.microsatelllite)STB Septoria tritici blotchSTS Sequence-taggedsitesSW SeedweightSWaps Sector-wideapproachesTBT Agreement WTOAgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTradeTC TissuecultureTEs TransposableelementsTMV TobaccomosaicvirusToMV TomatomottlevirusTRIPS Agreement WTOAgreementonTrade-RelatedAspectsof
IntellectualPropertyRightsTSWV TomatospottedwiltvirusTUA TechnologyUseAgreementTYLCV TomatoyellowleafcurlvirusUN UnitedNationsUPOV InternationalUnionfortheProtectionofNew
VarietiesofPlantsUSAID UnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopmentUSDA UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureWEC WormeggcountWFS WorldFoodSummitWIPO WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationWRI WorldResourcesInstituteWSC WoodspecificconsumptionWTO WorldTradeOrganizationYMV Yellowmosaicvirus
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Amalia BaroneProfessorinPlantGeneticsUniversityofNaples“FedericoII”DepartmentofSoil,Plant,EnvironmentalandAnimalProductionSciencesViaUniversita’10080055Portici,Italye-mail:[email protected]
Roswitha BaumungResearcher,DivisionLivestockSciencesUniversityofNaturalResourcesandAppliedLifeSciences(BOKU),GregorMendelstr.331180Vienna,Austriae-mail:[email protected]
Steve E. BeebeBeanBreederBeanProjectManagerCentroInternacionaldeAgriculturaTropical(CIAT)Km17,RectaCali-PalmiraA.A.6713,Cali,Colombiae-mail:[email protected]
Mathew W. BlairGermplasmSpecialist/BeanBreederBiotechnologyUnitCentroInternacionaldeAgriculturaTropical(CIAT)Km17,RectaCali-PalmiraA.A.6713,Cali,Colombiae-mail:[email protected]
Contributors
Penny ButcherConservationResearchScientistKingsParkandBotanicGardenBotanicGardensandParksAuthorityFraserAvenue,WestPerth6005WesternAustralia,Australiae-mail:[email protected]
Marcelo J. CarenaAssociateProfessor/DirectorCornBreedingandGeneticsNorthDakotaStateUniversityDepartmentofPlantSciencesLoftsgardHall166Fargo,ND58105-5051,USAe-mail:[email protected]
Hernán CeballosCassavaBreedingCassavaBreedingProjectCentroInternacionaldeAgriculturaTropical(CIAT)Km17,RectaCali-PalmiraA.A.6713,Cali,ColombiaandUniversidadNacionaldeColombiae-mail:[email protected]
James D. Dargie FormerDirector,JointFAO/IAEADivisionofNuclearTechniquesinFoodandAgricultureBrunnstubengasse432102Bisamberg,Austriae-mail:[email protected]
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Jack C. M. DekkersProfessorandSectionLeaderAnimalBreedingandGeneticsDepartmentofAnimalScience239DKildeeHallIowaStateUniversityAmes,IA50011-3150,USAe-mail:[email protected]
Dirk-Jan de KoningPrincipalInvestigator–GeneticsandGenomicsTheRoslinInstituteRoslinBiocentreRoslin,MidlothianEH259PS,UKe-mail:[email protected]
Christel DenneboomPlantResearchInternationalPOBox166700AAWageningenNetherlandse-mail:[email protected]
Ab L.F. de VosPlantResearchInternationalPOBox166700AAWageningenNetherlandse-mail:[email protected]
Oene DolstraSeniorScientistPlantResearchInternationalPOBox166700AAWageningenNetherlandse-mail:[email protected]
Jeremy D. EdwardsResearchAssociateUniversityofArizona,DepartmentofPlantSciences821BMarleyBuilding,1145E4ST.Tucson,AZ85721,USAe-mail:[email protected]
Martin FregeneSeniorScientistandCassavaGeneticistCentroInternacionaldeAgriculturaTropical(CIAT)Km17,RectaCali-PalmiraA.A.6713,CaliColombiae-mail:[email protected]
Luigi FruscianteProfessorinPlantGeneticsUniversityofNaples“FedericoII”DepartmentofSoil,Plant,EnvironmentalandAnimalProductionSciencesViaUniversita’10080055PorticiItalye-mail:[email protected]
Marc GibandResearcher-CottonMolecularGeneticsCIRAD-UPRSystemesCotonniers/EMBRAPAAlgodãoRuaOsvaldoCruz1143Centenario58.107-720CampinaGrande,PBBrazile-mail:[email protected]
Dario GrattapagliaSeniorScientistandProfessor-PlantGenetics/GenomicsBrazilianAgriculturalResearchCorporation–EmbrapaGeneticResourcesandBiotechnologyCenterAv.W5Norte-Final-PlanoPiloto70770-900-Brasília,DF,BrazilandGenomicScienceProgramUniversidadeCatólicadeBrasíliaSGAN916ModuloB70790-160Brasília,DF,Brazile-mail:[email protected]
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Elcio Perpétuo GuimarãesSeniorOfficer-Cereals/CropsBreedingFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)00153Rome,Italye-mail:[email protected]
Bernard HauDoctorinPlantbreedingCIRADUPRSystèmesCotonniersTAB-10/02AvenueAgropolis34980MontpellierCedex5Francee-mail:[email protected]
Victoria W.K. Henson-ApollonioSeniorScientist,ProjectManagerTheCGIARCentralAdvisoryServiceonIntellectualProperty(CAS-IP)BioversityInternationalViadeiTreDenari,472/a00057MaccareseItalye-mail:[email protected]
Paul M. HockingPrincipalInvestigator-GeneticsandGenomicsTheRoslinInstituteRoslinBiocentre,RoslinMidlothianEH259PS,UKe-mail:[email protected]
David A. HoisingtonGlobalThemeLeader-BiotechnologyICRISATPatancheru,502324AndhraPradesh,Indiae-mail:[email protected]
Robert KoebnerCropBreedingandBiotechnologyConsultantCropGenInternationalMockbeggars,TownhouseRoadOldCostesseyNorwichNR85BX,UKe-mail:[email protected]
Jean-Marc LacapeCottonMolecularBreedingCIRADUMRDéveloppementetAméliorationdesPlantesTAA-96/03AvenueAgropolis34980MontpellierCedex5,Francee-mail:[email protected]
Michael LeeProfessorofPlantBreedingandGeneticsDepartmentofAgronomyIowaStateUniversityRoom1553AgronomyHall100OsbornDriveAmes,IA50011-1010,USAe-mail:[email protected]
Maurício Antônio LopesResearchScientist-PlantGeneticsBrazilianAgriculturalResearchCorporation–EmbrapaGeneticResourcesandBiotecnologyCenterAv.W5Norte-Final-PlanoPiloto70770-900-Brasília,DF,Brazile-mail:[email protected]
Victor MartinezAssistantProfessorFacultaddeCienciasVeterinariasyPecuarias,UniversidaddeChileAvda.SantaRosa11735LaPintana,Santiago,Chilee-mail:[email protected]
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Susan R. McCouchProfessorPlantBreeding&Genetics162EmersonHallCornellUniversityIthaca,NY14853-1901USAe-mail:[email protected]
Michael MorrisLeadAgriculturalEconomistTheWorldBank-MSN6-6021818Street,NW.Washington,DC20433USAe-mail:[email protected]
Trung-Bieu NguyenCottonBreedingCIRADUPRSystèmesCotonniersTAB-10/02AvenueAgropolis34980MontpellierCedex5France
Dafydd PillingEditorStateoftheWorldAnGRFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)00153RomeItalye-mail:[email protected]
Michel RagotHead-GeneticInformationManagementSyngentaSeeds12chemindel’Hobit31790Saint-SauveurFrancee-mail:[email protected]
Barbara RischkowskyAtthattime:CoordinatorStateoftheWorldAnGRFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)00153Rome,ItalyCurrently:SeniorLivestockScientistInternationalCenterforAgriculturalResearchintheDryAreas(ICARDA)POBox5466Aleppo,SyrianArabRepublice-mail:[email protected]
Jonathan RobinsonConsultantTick-aho,Joroisniemenkehätie79600Joroinen,Finlande-mail:[email protected]
John RuaneAgriculturalOfficer(Biotechnology)FAOWorkingGrouponBiotechnologyFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)00153Rome,Italye-mail:[email protected]
Beate D. ScherfAnimalProductionOfficerAnimalGeneticResourcesGroupFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)00153Rome,Italye-mail:[email protected]
Anna K. SonessonSeniorScientist,GeneticsandBreedingAKVAFORSK(InstituteofAquacultureResearchAS)POBox50101432Ås,Norwaye-mail:[email protected]
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Andrea SonninoSeniorAgriculturalResearchOfficerResearchandTechnologicalDevelopmentServiceFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)00153Rome,Italye-mail:[email protected]
Simon SouthertonSeniorResearchScientistEnsisGeneticsThejointforcesofCSIROandSCIONPOBoxE4008KingstonACT2604,Australiae-mail:[email protected]
Richard SummersCerealBreedingLeadRAGTSeedsLtdTheMarisCentre45HauxtonRoadTrumpingtonCambridgeCB22LQ,UKe-mail:[email protected]
Julius H. J. van der WerfProfessorinAnimalBreedingandGeneticsSchoolofRuralScienceandAgricultureUniversityofNewEnglandArmidale,NSW2351,Australiae-mail:[email protected]
E.N. (Robert) van LooPlantResearchInternationalPOBox166700AAWageningen,Netherlandse-mail:[email protected]
Marilyn WarburtonSeniorScientist,MolecularGeneticistGeneticResourcesEnhancementUnitInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCenter(CIMMYT)Apdo.Postal6-64106600Mexico,DF,Mexicoe-mail:[email protected]
Joel Ira WellerResearchScientistDepartmentofCattleandGeneticsInstituteofAnimalSciencesAgriculturalResearchOrganizationTheVolcaniCenterPOBox6BetDagan50250,Israele-mail:[email protected]
H. Manilal WilliamSeniorScientist,GlobalWheatProgramGeneticResourcesEnhancementUnitInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCenter(CIMMYT)Apdo.Postal6-64106600México,DF,Mexicoe-mail:[email protected]
