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LIFE- SAVING APPLIANCES CODE

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What is the LSA Code?A life-saving appliance, self-inflating or non-self-inflating, containing small quantities of hazardous materials that are required as part of the life-saving appliance must conform to the requirements of this section.The International Life-Saving Appliances (LSA) Code was adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee in June 1996 by resolution MSC.48(66). It provides international requirements for the life-saving appliances that are required by chapter III of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, including personal life-saving appliances (for example, lifebuoys, lifejackets, immersion suits, anti-exposure suits and thermal protective aids), visual aids (parachute flares, hand flares and buoyant smoke signals), survival craft (liferafts and lifeboats), rescue boats, launching and embarkation appliances and marine evacuation systems, line-throwing appliances; and general alarm and public address systems.

CHAPTER I GENERAL

1.1 Definitions

Convention means the SOLAS, 1974, as amended. Regulation means a regulation contained in the Annex to the Convention. Retro-reflective material is a material which reflects in the opposite direction a beam of light directed on it. [A.658(16)] Organization means IMO with all its committees. Administration means Maritime administration of Flag state.

The terms used in this Code have the same meaning as those defined in regulation III/3.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTSLife-saving appliances on all ships have to be fitted with retro-reflective material where it will assist in detection and in accordance with the recommendations of the Organization in A.658(16); Unless expressly provided otherwise in the opinion of the Administration, all LSA prescribed in this part shall: be constructed with proper workmanship and materials; not be damaged in stowage throughout the air temperature range -30C to +65C; if they are likely to be immersed in seawater during their use, operate throughout the seawater temperature range -1C to +30C; where applicable, be rot-proof, corrosion-resistant, and not be unduly affected by seawater, oil or fungal attack; where exposed to sunlight, be resistant to deterioration; be of a highly visible color on all parts where this will assist detection; be fitted with retro-reflective material where it will assist in detection and in accordance with the recommendations of the Organization; if they are to be used in a seaway, be capable of satisfactory operation in that environment; be clearly marked with approval information including the Administration which approved it, and any operational restrictions; where applicable, be provided with electrical short circuit protection to prevent damage or injury.The Administration shall determine the period of acceptability of life-saving appliances which are subject to deterioration with age. Such life-saving appliances shall be marked with a means for determining their age or the date by which they must be replaced. Permanent marking with a date of expiry is the preferred method of establishing the period of acceptability. Batteries not marked with an expiration date may be used if they are replaced annually, or in the case of a secondary battery (accumulator), if the condition of the electrolyte can be readily checked.

New IMO Regulations on LSA Code

For several years, the IMO has been looking to improve the safety of lifeboat on-load release hooks. The number of failures during drills and inspections which resulted in casualties or injured crewmembers has been unacceptably high. At the 89th session of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 89) in May 2011, the IMO adopted amendments to SOLAS Chapter III and the LSA Code, as well as related Guidelines for the Evaluation of Existing On-load Release and Retrieval Systems (OLRRS).

Summary of new requirements

Resolution MSC. 320 (89) which revises the LSA Code (Chapter IV). The expected entry into force date is January 1, 2013. The main purpose of the revision of chapter IV of the Code is to prevent unexpected accidents during lifeboat drills and/or inspections.Resolution MSC.321 (89), Amendments to the revised recommendation on testing of life-saving appliances (Resolution MSC.81 (70), as amended), relevant to the revised LSA Code Chapter IV. Lifeboat release and retrieval systems Lloyd's Register May 2012

Summary of new requirementsCHAPTER IV SURVIVAL CRAFT

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Summary of new requirementsImpact for existing ships Ships must comply with the revised LSA Code sections 4.4.7.6.4 to 4.4.7.6.6 not later than the first scheduled dry-docking after July 1, 2014, but not later than July 1, 2019. LSA Code 4.4.7.6.44.4.7.5 All lifeboats shall be fitted with sufficient watertight lockers or compartments to provide for the storage of the small items of equipment, water and provisions required by paragraph 4.4.8. The lifeboat shall be equipped with a means for collecting rain water, and in addition if required by the Administration a means for producing drinking water from seawater with a manually powered desalinator. The desalinator must not be dependent upon solar heat, nor on chemicals other than seawater. Means shall be provided for the storage of collected water.4.4.7.6 Every lifeboat to be launched by a fall or falls, except a free-fall lifeboat, shall be fitted with a release mechanism complying with the following requirements subject to paragraph .5 below: .4 the fixed structural connections of the release mechanism in the lifeboat shall bedesigned with a calculated factor of safety of 6 based on the ultimate strength of thematerials used, assuming the mass of the lifeboat is equally distributed between thefalls; and .5 where a single fall and hook system is used for launching a lifeboat or rescue boat incombination with a suitable painter.

Summary of new requirementsImpact for new construction ships The revised LSA Code (section 4.4.7.6) shall be applied to new OLRRS. Early application of new SOLAS regulation III/1.5 circular MSC.1/Circ.1393 was approved by MSC 89. MSC 89 agreed that for ships constructed (having their keel laid) on or after July 1, 2014, OLRRS are to comply with the revised LSA Code. The circular encourages administrations to initiate, at the earliest opportunity, approval processes for new OLRRS which comply with the revised LSA Code, to enable the fitting of these mechanisms before July 1, 2014. Implication for manufacturers Manufacturers will need to ensure that any new OLRRS they produce are compliant with the revised LSA Code. Implication for ship owners Owners will need to ensure that OLRRS installed on their new vessels comply with the new requirements. Implication for ship builders Builders will need to source and install OLRRS which comply with the new requirements.

Summary of new requirementsQuestions-Answers Which new LSA Code requirements apply to existing ships and which ones apply to new ships? Answer: Revised Chapter IV sections 4.4.7.6.4 to 4.4.7.6.6 applies to OLRRS fitted on existing ships. For ships constructed on or after July 1, 2014, OLRRS are to comply with the revised LSA Code (complete section 4.4.7.6). Circular MSC.1/Circ.1393 encourages administrations to initiate, at the earliest opportunity, approval processes for new OLRRS which comply with the revised LSA Code, to enable the fitting of these mechanisms before July 1, 2014.

Summary of new requirements Questions-Answers What safety improvements have been introduced for existing on-load release systems? Answer: Existing OLRRS must comply with the following design criteria in Chapter IV: 4.4.7.6.4 To provide hook stability, the release mechanism shall be designed so that, when it is fully in the closed position, the weight of the lifeboat does not cause any force to be transmitted to the operating mechanism. 4.4.7.6.5 Locking devices shall be designed so that they can not turn to open due to forces from the hook load. 4.4.7.6.6 If a hydrostatic interlock is provided, it shall automatically reset upon lifting the boat from the water. Why is it necessary to do a self-assessment? Answer: The revised LSA Code Chapter IV (sections 4.4.7.6.4 to 4.4.7.6.6) requires manufacturers to carry out at the earliest opportunity a self-assessment of their types of existing lifeboat OLRRS to verify compliance in accordance with the Guidelines contained in MSC.1/Circ.1392.

Summary of new requirements4.4 General requirements for lifeboats

1 In subparagraph .1 of paragraph 4.4.2.2, the words (for a lifeboat intended for a passenger ship) or 82.5 kg (for a lifeboat intended for a cargo ship) are inserted after the words 75 kg. 2 The existing paragraph 4.4.9.1 is replaced by the following: 4.4.9.1 The number(s) of persons for which the lifeboat is approved, for passenger ships and/or cargo ships, as applicable, shall be clearly marked on it in clear permanent characters.

Summary of new requirements4.7 Free-fall lifeboats

3 The existing paragraph 4.7.2 is replaced by the following: 4.7.2 Carrying capacity of a free-fall lifeboat4.7.2.1 The carrying capacity of a free-fall lifeboat is the number of persons having an average mass of 82.5 kg that can be provided with a seat without interfering with the means of propulsion or the operation of any of the lifeboats equipment. The seating surface shall be smooth and shaped and provided with cushioning of at least 10 mm over all contact areas to provide support for the back and pelvis and flexible lateral side support for the head. The seats shall be of the non-folding type, permanently secured to the lifeboat and arranged so that any deflection of the hull or canopy during launching will not cause injury to the occupants. The location and structure of the seat shall be arranged to preclude the potential for injury during launch if the seat is narrower than the occupants shoulders. The passage between the seats shall have a clear width of at least 480 mm from the deck to the top of the seats, be free of any obstruction and provided with an antislip surface with suitable footholds to allow safe embarkation in the ready-to-launch position. Each seat shall be provided with a suitable locking harness capable of quick release under tension to restrain the body of the occupant during launching. 4.7.2.2 The angle between the seat pan and the seat back shall be at least 90 degree. The width of the seat pan shall be at least 480 mm. Free clearance in front of the backrest (buttock to knee length) shall be at least 650 mm measured at an angle of 90o to the backrest. The backrest shall extend at least 1,075 mm above the seat pan. The seat shall provide for shoulder height, measured along the seat back, of at least 760 mm. The footrest shall be oriented at not less than half of the angle of the seat pan and shall have a foot length of at least 330 mm (see figure 2).

Figure 2

Each free-fall lifeboat shall be of sufficient strength to withstand, when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment.

Summary of new requirementsCHAPTER V -RESCUE BOATS5.1 Rescue boats4 In the first sentence of paragraph 5.1.1.1, the words , except that, for all rescue boats, an average mass of 82.5 kg shall apply to paragraph 4.4.2.2.1 are added after the reference to 4.4.9. 5 In the second sentence of paragraph 5.1.3.5, the words 75 kg are replaced by the words 82.5 kg.

Life-Saving Appliances, 2010 EditionThe 2010 edition of Life Saving Appliances is now available from the International Maritime Organization (IMO).This publication includes the latest consolidated versions of the mandatory International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code, the Revised Recommendation on Testing of Life-Saving Appliances and the Code of Practice for the Evaluation, Testing and Acceptance of Prototype Novel Life-Saving Appliances.The updated requirements and recommendations in the new edition include those relating to: stowage, fitting and equipment of liferafts; certification and fitting of lifeboats; new requirements for fast rescue boats; requirements for lifeboat and rescue boat launching appliances; carrying capacity of free-fall lifeboats; changes in the average weight of persons to be used for the design and equipment of life-saving appliances; extensive new requirements for lifejackets, including the introduction of infant and child lifejackets; extensive associated changes to testing requirements for life-saving appliances, including the introduction of reference test devices.

Summary of new requirements SupplementMay 2012Since the publication of Life-Saving Appliances including LSA Code, 2010 edition, the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) has adopted resolutions amending the International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code and the Revised recommendation on testing of life-saving appliances. This supplement presents, in chronological order, those amendments that have either entered into force or will have entered into force before the next edition has been published.

PageResolution Amends Applicable as on2 MSC.293(87)Chapter IV, Survival craft 1 January 20124 MSC.320(89)Chapter IV, Survival craft1 January 20138MSC.321(89) Part 1, Prototype tests for life-saving appliances-

AMENDMENTS TO THE REVISED RECOMMENDATION ON TESTING OF LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES (RESOLUTION MSC.81(70)), AS AMENDED PART 1 PROTOTYPE TESTS FOR LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES PART 1 PROTOTYPE TESTS FOR LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES1 The existing paragraphs 6.9.3 and 6.9.4 are replaced by the following: "6.9.3 With the operating mechanism disconnected it should be demonstrated when the lifeboat is loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment and towed at speeds of 5 knots that the moveable hook component stays closed. Furthermore, with the operating mechanism connected, it should be demonstrated that the lifeboat when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment when towed at speeds of 5 knots can be released. Both of the above should be demonstrated as follows as follows: .1 a force equal to 25% of the safe working load of the hook should be applied to the hook in the lengthwise direction of the boat at an angle of 45 to the vertical. This test should be conducted in the aftward as well as the forward direction;.2 a force equal to the safe working load of the hook should be applied to the hook in an athwartships direction at an angle of 20 to the vertical. This test should be conducted on both sides; and .3 a force equal to the safe working load of the hook should be applied to the hook in a direction halfway between the positions of tests 1 and 2 (i.e. 45 to the longitudinal axis of the boat in plan view) at an angle of 33 to the vertical. This test should be conducted in four positions.

Summary of new requirements There should be no damage as a result of these tests.6.9.4 A release mechanism should be conditioned and tested as follows: .1 the lifeboat release and retrieval system and the longest used connection cable/linkage associated with the system should be mounted and adjusted according to instructions from the original equipment manufacturer and then loaded to 100% of its safe working load and released. Load and release should be repeated 50 times. During the 50 releases, the lifeboat release and retrieval system should be released simultaneously from each fall to which it is connected without any binding or damage to any part of the lifeboat release and retrieval system. The system should be considered as "failed" if any failure during the conditioning or unintended release occurs when load is applied but the system has not yet been operated;

Summary of new requirements.2 the lifeboat release and retrieval system should then be disassembled, the parts examined and wear recorded. The release and retrieval system should then be reassembled; .3 the hook assembly, whilst disconnected from the operating mechanism, should then be tested 10 times with cyclic loading from zero load to 1.1 times the safe working load, at a nominal 10 seconds per cycle; unless the release mechanism has been specifically designed to operate as an off-load hook with on-load capability using the weight of the boat to close the hook, in this case the cyclic load should be from no more than 1% to 1.1 times the SWL. For cam-type designs, the test should be carried out at an initial cam rotation of 0 (fully reset position), and repeated at 45 in either direction, or 45 in one direction if restricted by design. The specimen should remain closed during the test. The system should be considered as "failed" if any failure during this test or any unintended release or opening occurs; and

Summary of new requirements.4 the cable and operating mechanism should then be reconnected to the hook assembly; and the lifeboat release and retrieval system should then be demonstrated to operate satisfactorily under its safe working load. The actuation force should be no less than 100 N and no more than 300 N, if a cable is used it should be the maximum length specified by the manufacturer, and secures in the same manner it would be secured in the lifeboat. The demonstration should verify that any interlocks, indicators and handles are still functioning and are correctly positioned in accordance with the operation and safety instruction from the original equipment manufacturer. The release mechanism is deemed to have passed the testing under paragraph 6.9.4 when the tests have been conducted successfully. The system should be considered as "failed" if any failure during this test or any unintended release or opening occurs.

Summary of new requirements6.9.5 A second release mechanism should be tested as follows: .1 the actuation force of the release mechanism should be measured loaded with 100% of its safe working load. The actuation force should be no less than 100 N and no more than 300 N. If a cable is used, it should be of the maximum length specified by the manufacturer, and secured in the same manner it would be secured in a lifeboat. The demonstration should verify that any interlocks, indicators and handles are still functioning and are correctly positioned in accordance with the operation and safety instruction from the original equipment manufacturer; and .2 the release mechanism should be mounted on a tensile strength testing device. The load should be increased to at least six times the working load of the release mechanism without failure of the release mechanism."

Summary of new requirements2 The existing paragraphs 6.9.5 and 6.9.6 are renumbered as 6.9.6 and 6.9.7, respectively.3 In paragraph 6.11.3, the referenced paragraph number "6.9.4" is replaced with "6.9.3". 4 In paragraphs 7.1.1 and 7.4.1, the referenced paragraph numbers "6.9.5" and "6.9.6" are replaced by "6.9.6" and "6.9.7", respectively. 5 In paragraphs 7.2.1, 7.3.1, 7.5 and 7.6, the referenced paragraph numbers "6.9.1 to 6.9.4" are replaced by "6.9.1 to 6.9.5".

Changing Article on LSA Code 2.2.3 Lifejacket lights (conformity)

7.2.1 General emergency alarm system: 7.2.1.1 The general emergency alarm system shall be capable of sounding the general emergency alarm signal consisting of seven or more short blasts followed by one long blast on the ship's whistle or siren and additionally on an electrically operated bell or klaxon or other equivalent warning system, which shall be powered from the ship's main supply and the emergency source of electrical power required by regulation II-1/42 or II-1/43, as appropriate. The system shall be capable of operation from the navigation bridge and, except for the ship's whistle, also from other strategic points. The system shall be audible throughout all the accommodation and normal crew working spaces. The alarm shall continue to function after it has been triggered until it is manually turned off or is temporarily interrupted by a message on the public address system. (remove to SOLAS)

TABLO B- YOLCU GEMLER

LSA Kod deiiklikleri (MSC.207(81)) (ngilizce)LSA Kod deiiklikleri (MSC.218(82)) (ngilizce)LSA Kod deiiklikleri (MSC.272(85)) (ngilizce)LSA Kod deiiklikleri (MSC.293(87)) (ngilizce)LSA Kod deiiklikleri (MSC.320(89)) (ngilizce)

PASSENGER SHIP (CLASS I)- Life Saving Appliances

Apassenger shipis a ship which carries more than twelve passengers. (SOLAS I/2). Class I-Passenger ships engaged on voyages (not being short international voyages) any of which are long international voyages. Every ship to which this LSA Code applies shall carry;1-on each side of the ship lifeboats of sufficient aggregate capacity to accommodate one half of the total number of persons which the ship is certified to carry,2- These lifeboats shall be not more than 28 feet in length and each of them may be a motor lifeboat and may be counted,3- Every ship, shall carry on each side of the ship at least one motor lifeboat : Provided that in ships which are certified to carry not more than 30 persons not more than one motor lifeboat shall be required,4- In every ship is certified to carry 1,500 persons or more each of the motor lifeboats carried in compliance, and in every such ship which is certified to carry more than 199 but less than 1,500 persons at least one of the motor lifeboats carried, shall be not less than 24 feet in length.5- Every ship shall carry portable radio equipment which shall comply with the requirements,6- In every ship each lifeboat shall be attached to a separate set of davits which shall be of the gravity type, except that luffing type davits may be fitted for operating lifeboats weighing not more than 2 tons in their turning out condition.7- Every ship shall carry liferafts, which need not be served by launching appliances, of sufficient capacity to accommodate 25 per cent of the total number of persons the ship is certified to carry together with buoyant apparatus for 3 per cent of that number, there may be carried buoyant apparatus of sufficient aggregate capacity to accommodate 25 per cent. of the total number of persons the ship is certified to carry,

9- Every ship shall carry for every person on board weighing 70 pounds or more a lifejacket which shall comply with the requirements of Part I of the Twelfth Schedule to these Rules and for every person on board weighing less than 70 pounds a lifejacket, , every such ship shall carry lifejackets for at least 5 per cent. of the number of persons which the ship is certified to carry,10- Every ship shall carry a line-throwing appliance.

Explain the Responsibilities of Shipping Companies According to the LSA CodeEvery shipping companies shall provide the expired life-saving equipment in the ship such as water,medicine,or food in the lifeboat,liferaft and rescue boat. Also,if the personal life saving equipment is damaged,shipping companies shall send to new equipment. For example; the ship immersion suit,life jacket etc.Moreover, the companies inform to the ship about new regulations code,or procedure. This notice offers general guidelines for the maintenance inspection and testing of life saving appliances on vessel and it is not intended to replace the requirements of the appropriate International Conventions in force.Maintenance and Inspection of Life Saving Appliances

4.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFEBOATS

4.4.1 Consructions of lifeboats - Each lifeboat shall be fitted with a certificate of approval, endorsed by the Administration, containing at least the following items: manufacturer's name and address; lifeboat model and serial number; month and year of manufacture; number of persons the lifeboat is approved to carry; and with approval information including the Administration which approved it, and any operational restrictions.

4.4.2 Carrying capacity of lifeboats- No lifeboat shall be approved to accommodate more than 150 persons. - The number of persons which a lifeboat to be launched by falls shall be permitted to accommodate shall be equal to the lesser of: * the number of persons having an average mass of 75 kg, all wearing lifejackets, that can be seated in a normal position without interfering with the means of propulsion or the operation of any of the lifeboat's equipment; or - Each seating position shall be clearly indicated in the lifeboat.

4.4.3 Access into lifeboats 1. Every passenger ship lifeboat shall be so arranged that it can be rapidly boarded by its full complement of persons. Rapid disembarkation shall also be possible. 2. Every cargo ship lifeboat shall be so arranged that it can be boarded by its full complement of persons in not more than 3 min from the time the instruction to board is given. 3. Lifeboats shall have a boarding ladder that can be used at any boarding entrance of the lifeboat to enable persons in the water to board the lifeboat. 4. The lifeboat shall be so arranged that helpless people can be brought on board either from the sea or on stretchers. 5.All surfaces on which persons might walk shall have a non-skid finish.

TOTALLY ENCLOSED LIFEBOATS4.6.1 Totally enclosed lifeboats shall comply with the requirements of section 4.4 and in addition shall comply with the requirements of this section.4.6.2 EnclosureEvery totally enclosed lifeboat shall be provided with a rigid watertight enclosure which completely encloses the lifeboat. Shall be so arranged that:.1 it provides shelter for occupants;2 access to the lifeboat is provided by hatches which can be closed to make the lifeboat watertight;

In addition to the requirements for fully enclosed lifeboat certificate of approval for a free-fall lifeboat shall also state: free-fall certification height; required launching ramp length; and launching ramp angle for the free-fall certification height.

General Requirements for LIFE RAFTS Every liferaft shall be so constructed as to be capable of withstanding exposure for 30 days afloat in all sea conditions.The liferaft shall be so constructed that when it is dropped into the water from a height of 18 m, the liferaft and its equipment will operate satisfactorily. If the liferaft is to be stowed at a height of more than 18 m above the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition,it shall be of a type which has been satisfactorily drop-tested from at least that height.The liferaft and its fittings shall be so constructed as to enable it to be towed at a speed of 3 knots in calm water when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment and with one of its sea-anchors streamed.

General Requirements for RESCUE BOATS Rescue boats may be either of rigid or inflated construction or a combination of both and shall: be not less than 3.8 m and not more than 8.5 m in length; and be capable of carrying at least five seated persons and a person lying on a stretcher.Rescue boats shall be capable of manoeuvring at a speed of at least 6 knots and maintaining that speed for a period of at least 4 hors.

Rescue boats shall have sufficient mobility and manoeuvrability in a seaway to enable persons to be retrieved from the water, marshal liferafts and tow the largest liferaft carried on the ship when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment or its equivalent at a speed of at least 2 knots.

REFERENCES

1- LSA CODE- Prepared by Capt. Petar Brakocevic 2- IMO website- LSA CODE Pdf3- SOLAS Pdf4- Wikipedia5- Shipping Circular6- Lloyds Register