Marine Products for Health Care
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Transcript of Marine Products for Health Care
![Page 1: Marine Products for Health Care](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062311/577cca021a28aba711a520aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MARINE PRODUCTS FOR HEALTH CARE
College of Food and Dairy Technology, Alamathi P.O., Red Hills (Via),Chennai-52
A.Surendraraj
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INDIA’S SHARE IN GLOBAL FISH PRODUCTION 5%In
dian
Fish
erie
s – A
qui
ck o
verv
iew
Global position (Year 2007) 3rd in Fish Production 2nd in Aquaculture Production
Contribution of Fisheries to GDP - 1.4 % Contribution to Fisheries to Agricultural GDP - 4.7 % Export earnings – 16,500 crores (FY 2011-12) Present fish production - 8.42 million mt (2010-11)
Inland -5.2 million mt Marine -3.2 million mt
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Table 1: Principal constituents of fish and beef muscle (in percentage)
Fish fillet Constituent
Minimum Normal variation
Maximum
Beef muscle
Protein 6 16-21 28 20
Lipid 0.1 0.2-25 67 3
Carbohydrates <0.5 1
Ash 0.4 1.2-1.5 10.5 1
Water 28 66-81 96 75
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Fish
Marine nutraceutical
Sponges
Seacucumber
Corals
Shellfish
Seaweeds
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Edible partsNon Edible parts
Fish Muscle Bones/cartilageHead/fins/skin
LIPIDS- PUFASqualeneVitamin A, D, E
PROTEINSPeptidesAminoacids
Taurine
Collagen/gelatinCalcium/
Chondritin sulphate
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Linoleic acid C18: 2 n-6
Arachidonic acid C20 :4 n-6
Docosapentaenoic acid C22: 5n-6
α -Linolenic acid C18:3 n-3
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) C20: 5 n-3
Docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA) C22: 6 n-3
Plants/ marine algae
n-6 Fatty acids n-3 Fatty acids
Two Classes of Essential PUFA
Vegetable oils
Conversion is less in humans
Vegetables/nuts
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In What way -3 Differ from -6?
EPA
Lipo
xyge
nase
Prostanoids of 3 seriesPGE3PGI3TXA3
Prostanoids of 2 seriesPGE2 PGI2TXA2
Leukotrienes of 4 series
LTB4LTC4LTD4
Leukotrienes of 5 series
LTB5LTC5LTD5
EndotheliumPlatelets
C20: 5n-3
AAC20: 4n-6
Cycloxygenase
LeucocytesPlatelet aggregation & vasoconstriction
Chemoattractive to macrophages
Atherosclerosis & CHD
Less sticky Platelets &
vasodialation
Less chemo-attractive
to macrophagesHealthy heart & vessels
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Other beneficial effects of -3Hypolipedemic
Blood cholesterol Triglycerides LDL VLDL HDL Cholesterol
Thus lower the rate of CHD
Prevents variety of cancerPrevents Diabetes
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-3 makes 1/3rd of FA in Human Brain & retina
DHA is critical to normal eye & vision development
Accumulation of DHA in brain takes place at the last trimester.
Required for the growth of Dendrites
Increase in memory power
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Recommended intakeA person can expect good health if he
or she consumes .5-1g of DHA /day
50-100g of sardine flesh daily
Advisable to eat fish & sea food atleast 3 times a week. Over five times a week is ideal.
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liver is chopped
Oil extraction with 2% NaOH
Fractional distillation under vacuum (2 mbar)
High boiling fraction (240-250oC) - squalene
Squalene
AnticancerousAntioxidant
Detoxification of xenobioticsantiaging sterilizing
Prevents heart attack
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FISH PROTEIN
Rich in all the EAA(methionine and lysine)
Free Amino Acids
Cell membrane stabilizationAntioxidationDetoxification
OsmoregulationNeuromodulation
Brain & retinal devpt
Taurine
Fish Peptides
Antioxidant PropertiesAngiotensin I-Converting Enzyme
Inhibitory-(Antihypertensive) ActivityAntithrombin property
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Collagen/gelatin
Head/fins/skin
Enzymatic digestion (pepsin)Or Alkali treatment
Extraction with neutral Nacl or diluted organic acid
or acid+enzyme
Collagen
Used in medical and pharmaceutical industries as carrier molecules for drugs, proteins and genes.
Repeated extraction with Dilute alkali and acid
Gelatin
Chitosan-gelatin membranes - wound healing
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Calcium phosphate & hydroxyapatite
Bones/cartilage
Chondroitin Sulfate
Bone graft material in a range of medical and dental applications Used for the treatment osteoarthritis
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Deproteination:4-5M NaOH 65-100°C for 0.5-6h
Demineralization:dilute HCL,1–3 h.
Chitin
Shellfish wastes
Deacetylization:30–60% (w/v) NaOH,80–140°C
Chitosan
Wound healing Bacteriostatic Drug delivery vehicle Dialysis membranesAnticholesterolemicAntigastric agents …………………….
Treatment for osteoarthritis
10 M HCl under vacuum -10 min &heat treatment -140°C for 60 min
Glucosamine
Shellfish Products
CAROTENOIDSAntioxidants
ImmunostimulatingCataract prevention
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SeaweedsRedGreenBrown
Agar
LaxativeThickening agent
Alginic acid CarageenanEdible purpose
Prevent ulcersPrevent metal poisoningAnticoagulant Antiviral-influenza protectionCough medicine
coagulant properties-bandagesDetoxifying agent.
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Other Marine organismsSponges Seacucumber Corals
Gorgosterol-Anticholesterolemic
Terpenoids-EunicinAntibacterial
HolothurinSupress tumour growth
Prostaglandins-contraceptive or
abortifacient,
Porifera sterolHypocholesterolemic acion