Marine Algae By: Mike Dedio, Christian Bailey, Alex Zimm, Arianna Dean.
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Transcript of Marine Algae By: Mike Dedio, Christian Bailey, Alex Zimm, Arianna Dean.
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Marine Algae
By: Mike Dedio, Christian Bailey, Alex Zimm, Arianna Dean
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Algae Basics
• Algae are Eukaryotic meaning that their cells have a nucleus-classified under the kingdom of protista
• They are autotrophs, producing their own food from photosynthesis
• Algae and marine plants produce upwards of 70% of the oxygen for terrestrial life
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Algae Basics Continued…
• Many algae species form symbiotic relationships with other species supplying organic substances and receiving protection
• Used as fertilizer, engergy source, food source, for pigments, pollution control, and medicinal purposes
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Seaweeds
• Seaweeds are multicellular algae that live in the sunlit waters of the ocean.
• Ulva- A common tissue thin seaweed that contains chloroplasts.
• Some marine animals eat alga for the nutrients it provides while others filter the nutrients from the water such as barnacles
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Seaweeds
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Reproductive Cycle of Algae
• Thallus- The leafy part of seaweed.
• Ulva use asexual reproduction.
• Specialized cells at the end of the Thallus produce spores called sporophyte thallus which is diploids.
• Spore- A repoductive cell that contains the organisms number of chromosomes.
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Reproductive Cycle of Algae continued.
• Spores have flagella that move back and forth, the spores will at some point reach the ocean floor.
• They land on a suitable substrate each develop into a leafy thallus that produces gametes.
• Gametes- Are reproductive cells that contqain the haploid number of chromosomes necessary for sexual reproduction.
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Reproductive Cycle of Algae Continued
• The life cycle of Ulva is composed of two separte stages or generations- the sporophyte and gametophyte gernerations
• The succession of two types of generations is called alternation of generations.
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Brown Algae
• Classified in the phylum Phaeophyta
• Brown or olive green in color, the color results from mixtures of pigments in the cells of the algae
• Mostly the green pigment chlorophyll and the yellow pigment xanthophyll, the blending of these pigments result in a brown color.
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Brown Algae
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Brown Algae Continued..
• Provide shelter and/or nutrients for other organisms, and are used materials people find valuable.
• For example, the sea palm which grows on rocks and resembles a tiny palm tree can be eaten raw or cooked.
• Rockweed attaches to rocks in the intertidal zones along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts.
• The rockweed’s holdfast, anchors the algae to rocks, it is a tough, fibrous pad of tissue, and it also prevents the algae from being dislodged from his holding from strong currents and waves for example.
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Brown Algae Continued..
• The largest seaweeds in the ocean are called kelp which falls under the category of brown algae.
• Laminaria, a type of kelp, thrives in the color waters of the temperate zone, mainly concentrated of the coasts of Maine and California.
• They grow rapidly from the seafloor to the surface of the water.
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Brown Algae Continued…
• Giant kelps, like the Nereocystis and Macrocystis, can reach a length of more than 60 meters.
• Fish, shellfish, sea urchins, sea lions, sea otters, and sharks all live around giant kelp for food and shelter.
• A chemical in algae called algin, is used in many different industries for food preparations, medicines, paints, and paper products.
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Brown Algae Continued….
• One type of brown algae that is not anchored to a substrate is the Sargassum, floats on the waters surface in places such as South Atlantic Ocean and in some seas off the coasts of Asia.
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Red Algae• Most abundant of the marine algae• Classified in phylum Rhodophyta• Found in intertidal to subtidal zone
and some species at great depths of ocean
• Contains red pigment phycoerythin and the blue pigment phycocyanin
• These two pigments allow for photosynthesis to occur at much deeper waters to carry out photosynthesis
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Red Algae continued• types of red algae include Coralline Algae,
Irish Moss, Porphyra, and Lithothamnion
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Coralline Algae(Corallinia)
• Hard and brittle red algae with calcium carbonate in the cell walls
• Found attached to rocks in lower intertidal zone
• Many are epiphytic (growing on other algae and marine angiosperms) or epizoic (grow on animals)
• Used as soil conditioners and in medicine
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Irish moss(Chrondrus Crispus)
• Short, bushy, spongy red algae• Found in lower intertidal and subtidal zones• Found carpeting rocks• Contains a chemical called carrageean which is
used as a binding agent in ice cream, puddings, and toothpaste
• Others like this contain a chemical called agar that is used to make food, medicinal products as well as a medium for growing bacteria
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Porphyra
• Thin and delicate, sheetlike red algae
• Also called Nori
• Grows in intertidal zone usually attached to rocks
• Is the most commonly eaten seaweed
• There are 60-70 species of porphyra found world wide
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Lithothamnion
• Known as encrusting stony red algae
• Grows on rocks and is often found on the shells of hermit crabs
• Adorns shells with a bright red color