mariam xoferia

samarTlis

istoriis

terminTa

leqsikoni

mariam xoferia

samarTlis istoriis

terminTa leqsikoni

Tbilisi

2012

samarTlis istoriis terminTa leqsikoni

sazRvargareTis qveynebis samarTlis istoriis terminTa winamdebare leqsikoni Sedgenilia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis saswavlo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli kursis _ sazRvargareTis qveynebis samarTlis istoria_ mixedviT. leqsikonSi Tavmoyrilia is Ziri-Tadi terminebi, romlebic aRniSnuli sagnis farglebSi iswavleba.leqsikoni did daxmarebas gauwevs Tsu iuri-

diuli fakultetis studentebs terminTa ukeT SeswavlaSi.did madlobas vuxdi leqsikonis redaqtors

baton n. surgulaZes da recenzentebs qalbaton m. gariSvilsa da baton d. bostoRanaSvils kva-lificiuri rCevebisa da saqmiani SeniSvnebisaT-vis; baton d. CikvaiZes berZnulenovan terminebze gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis. aseve teqnikur redaq-torebs, romelTac didi wvlili Seitanes am leqsikonis gamocemis saqmeSi.

samecniero redaqtorisruli prof. nugzar surgulaZe

recenzentebi:asoc. prof. daviT bostoRanaSviliasoc. prof. marina gariSvili

teqnikuri redaqtorebi:dimitri gegenavademetre egnataSvili

3Feci quod potui, faciant meliora potentes

Zveli aRmosavleTi

a

avelumi (aqad. Avlum Ze kacisa, mamakaci, adamiani) _ babilonSi sruluflebiani Tavisufali mosaxle, ZiriTadad, meTeme.

arThaSastra (sansk: mecniereba praqti-kuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb) _ Zvel indoeT-Si saero literaturis Janri, saxelmwi-fo marTvisa da politikis xelovnebis traqtati (magaliTad, kautilias arTha-Sastra).

arSa _ Zvel indoeTSi qorwinebis erT-erTi saxeoba. am dros qaliSvils aTxovebdnen gansawavlul an riSi (brZeni)mamakacze. drahmaSastras gadmocemiT, qa-liSvilis mama sasiZosagan xars an or Zroxas Rebulobda.

asura _ Zvel indoeTSi qorwinebis erT-erTi saxeoba, romliTac igulisxme-boda mSoblebisagan sacolis gamosyidvas

4sasiZos mier, romelic xSirad ar iyo sapatarZlos Sesaferisi, risTvisac is ixdida imdens, ramdenis SesaZleblobac hqonda.

b

bairumi (Sumer. Birum meTevze; aqad:[Tevzisa da frinvelis] damWeri) _ mxe-drebis kategoria; babilonSi begaraval-debuli piri, romelic samxedro samsax-uris sanacvlod saxelmwifosagan miwis nakveTs iRebda.

biblumi (aqad. Biblu(m) motanili) _ ba-bilonSi winasaqorwino saCuqari (Tanxa an nivTi), romelsac sasiZo an misi mamasapatarZlos mamas uxdida.

brahma _ Zvel indoeTSi qorwinebis erT-erTi saxeoba. mamakacs, romelic daa-srulebda Tavis brahmaCarias colis SerTvis ufleba eZloda. vaJis mSoblebi uTanxmdebodnen sacolis ojaxs qorwine-bis Sesaxeb. brahma qorwinebisas mzTevis gadacema ar xdeboda.

brahmani _ Zvel indoeTSi sazogadoebis umaRlesi kastis wevri, qurumi. igi uf-lebamosili iyo Seeswavla da eswavlebina

5saRvTo wignebi, RmerTebisaTvis msxver-plis Sewirva rogorc Tavisi, aseve sxvi-si saxeliT, gaeca da mieRo saCuqrebi. brahmans ekrZaleba nebismieri saxis sam-saxuri. brahmani exmareboda qveynis mmarTvelebs saxelmwifoebrivi xelisuf-lebis ganxorcielebaSi.

g

gandharva _ Zvel indoeTSi qorwine-bis erT-erTi saxeoba, romelic mxolod sapatarZlosa da sasiZos nebas efuZnebo-da.

d

daiva _ Zvel indoeTSi qorwinebis sax-eoba, romlis drosac qaliSvilis sasu-liero pirze aTxovebdnen.

danda _ (sansk. kverTxi, joxi) _ marTvis xelovneba _ `dandaniti~, iTargmneba rogorc kverTxiT xelmZRva-neloba (floba).

devaraji _ Zvel indoeTSi `RvTis sasurveli mefis~ politikuri koncefcia, romlis mixedviTac mefe valdebuli iyo mSidobisa da wesrigis damcavi sagangebo dharma Seesrulebina.

6dequmi _ (aqad. Dkm daZaxeba) mxedar-Ta ufrosis kategoria; jarSi xalxis gawvevaze pasuxismgebeli piri.

di _ (Cin.) cinis periodis CineTSi mmarTvelis wodeba; mmarTveli, romelmac imperiis sazRvrebSi mravali teritoria gaaerTiana da imperatoris (anu di-s) wodeba miiRo.

dharma _ Zvel indoeTSi (religiur-ritualuri, zneobrivi, samarTlebrivi) qcevis savaldebulo wesi, romelic oT-xive kastis warmomadgenlis yoveldRiur qcevis awesrigebda.

v

vaiSa (sansk. xalxi, tomi, mosaxleoba) _ Zvel indoeTSi miwaTmoqmedebisa da xe-losnebis yvelaze mravalricxovani kasta.

vani (Cin.) _ gaRmerTebuli mmarTvelis wodeba Zvel CineTSi, mefe, `cis Svili~ da pirveli qurumi.

vardumi (sansk. Wardum) _ mesopotamiaSimona.

vedebi (sansk. codna) _ Zvel indoeTSi religiuri literaturis Zeglebi, rom-

7lebic miTebs, religiur himnebs, Seloc-vis formulebs, yofa-cxovrebis wesebs Seicaven.

T

Tamqari (aqad. Tamkarrum) _ babilonSi 1. saxelmwifo savaWro agenti da gadasax-adis amkrefi; 2. vaWari, mevaxSe, gamsesxe-beli. (ix. Samalumi)

TerxaTumi (aqad. Terhattum saqorwino gamosasyidi) _ babilonSi sasiZos mier sapatarZlos mamisaTvis gadaxdili Tanxa, sapatarZlos erTgvari gamosasyidi Tanxa.

i

ilkumi (aqad. Ilkum) babilonsa da asu-reTSi samxedro samsaxurisaTvis mefis mier nawyalobevi qoneba, romelic samo-qalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli iyo.

isaku _ babilonSi mefis moadgile, romelic qalaqis mmarTvelobas zedamxed-velobda.

k

kasta _ Sua saukuneebis aziis zog qveyanaSi Caketili, memkvidreobiTi, en-

8dogamiuri socialuri jgufi, romelsac mkacrad gansazRvruli saqmianoba, cxo-vrebis stili da Cveuleba hqonda. kaste-bi 1947 wels oficialurad gauqmda.

kenbeti _ Zvel egvipteSi kolegialuri sasamarTlo organo, romelic 30 wevri-sagan Sedgeboda.

l

levirati (frang. Lvirat mazli) _ Zvel periodis samarTalSi saqorwino Cveule-ba, romelic mazls daqvrivebul rZalze daqorwinebas avaldebulebda.

li _ Zvel CineTSi eTikur-samarTlebrivi normebi, romlebic gan-sazRvravdnen sazogadoebis wevrebis ur-TierTdamokidebulebas mmarTvelisa da ojaxis wevrebis mimarT.

lubuTumi (aqad. Lubbutm Zlieri kaci) babilonSi mxedarTa ufrosis katego-ria. SumerSi sataZro meurneobis mmarT-veli.

lugali (aqad. Lugal batoni, didi ada-miani) _ mesopotamiaSi saxelmwifos mmarTvelis wodeba. (pates-lugali ramde-

9nime patesiatis mmarTvelis wodeba, iseve rogorc ensi - gvaris meTauri, taZris damaarsebeli).

m

maati _ Zvel egvipteSi 1. WeSmaritebi-sa da samarTlianobis religiur-zneobrivi principi, romlis dacva fa-raonis gansakuTrebul damsaxurebad miiCneoda; 2. egviptur miTologiaSi sa-marTlianobisa da wesrigis qalRmerTi (saberZneTSi - Temida, babilonSi - kitu).

mantripariSadi _ Zvel indoeTSi ra-jasTan arsebuli da rajas mrCevlebisa-gan Semdgari kolegialuri saTaTbiro organo, romelic uflebamosili iyo gan-sazRvrul saxelmwifo sakiTxebze damou-kideblad mieRo gadawyvetileba.

mereTi _ Zvel egvipteSi mdabios aRm-niSvneli termini.

miSarumi _ mesopotamiaSi brZanebule-ba, romelic periodulad gamoicemoda glexebisaTvis valebis patiebisa da da-giravebuli qonebis usasyidlod dabru-nebasTan dakavSirebiT.

10

muSqenumi (aqad. Muknum ZRvenis mimta-ni, damorCilebuli) _ babilonSi samefo karis msaxureulobis dabali kategoria, romelic samsaxurisaTvis mefisagan pi-robiT mflobelobaSi miwis nakveTs Re-bulobda.

n

nemhu _ Zvel egvipteSi mosaxleobis (miwaTmflobelebi, xelosnebi, meomerebi, wvrili moxeleebi) garkveuli jgufi, romelic samarTlebrivi mdgomareobiT arsebiTad ar gansxvavdeboda nejesisagan.

nejesi _ Zvel egvipteSi mefis msaxurTa saerTo masidan gamoyofili fena, rom-lis warmoSobda dakavSirebulia kerZo miwaTmflobelobis sasaqonlo-fulad urTierTobebisa da bazris ganviTare-basTan.

nomi _ 1. Zveli aRmosavleTis qveynebSi qalaq-saxelmwifo, saxelmwifoebrivi war-monaqmnis pirveli forma; 2. Zvel egvip-tis centralizebul saxelmwifoSi admi-nistraciul-teritoriuli warmonaqmni, mxare.

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nomarqi _ Zvel egvipteSi nomis mmarT-veli.

nubanda _ babilonSi sasaxlis mmarT-veli, romelsac evaleboda jaris sar-dloba, mefis xazinis gankargva, sairiga-cio sistemebis mowesrigeba.

nudunumi (aqad. Nudunnm) qvrivobis wili (saCuqari), romelic cols uzrun-veloyofisaTvis gadaecema qmris gardac-valebis Semdeg.

o

ordali (frang. Ordalie wesrigi; msjavri) _ Zvel da Sua saukuneebis samarTalSi sasamarTlo mtkicebulebis gansakuTre-buli forma, e.w. `RvTis msjavri~; (cec-xliT, wyliT da a.S. gamocda).

p

paiSaCa _ Zvel indoeTSi qorwinebis erT-erTi saxeoba, romliTac igulisxme-boda mZinare, mTvrali an ugono qalis faruli daufleba.

pratiloma _ Zvel indoeTSi sxva-dasxva kastis wevrebs Soris qorwinebis

akrZaluli forma [brahman qalsa da Su-

12

dra mamakacs Soris, anuloma ki brahman

kacsa da Sudra qals Soris].

prajapatia _ Zvel indoeTSi qorwi-nebis erT-erTi saxeoba, romliTac, sa-gangebo sityvebis warmoTqmis Semdeg, sa-siZosaTvis sapatarZlos gadascema igu-lisxmeboda.

puroxita _ Zvel indoeTSi 1. mefis mrCeveli samarTlebriv da religiur sa-kiTxebSi; 2. samefos umaRlesi qurumi da mosamarTle.

r

rabianumi (aqad. rabinum) _ babilonSi mefis mier daniSnuli Temis mamasaxlisi.

rakSasa _ Zvel indoeTSi qorwinebis erT-erTi saxeoba, romliTac sacolis motaceba igulisxmeboda.

redumi (aqad. rdm mdevneli, mexre) _ begaravaldebuli piri, romelsac miRe-buli aqvs samefo miwis nakveTi samxedro samsaxuris Sesrulebis mizniT; magali-Tad, taZris, mefis, mosamarTleebis re-dumebi, romlebic sxvadasxva saxis dava-lebas asrulebdnen.

13

reinkarnacia _ sulTa gadasaxleba.

s

sabxa, samiti _ Zvel indoeTSi 1.warCinebulTa da xalxis warmomadgenelTa kreba; 2. oTxi mosamarTlisagan Semdgari sasamarTlo kolegia, romelsac brahmanimeTaurobda.

sekularizacia (frang. scularisation) _ sataZro-saeklesio qonebis (moZravi-uZravi) gasaxelmwifoebrioba.

smriti (sansk. damaxsovreba, maxsovroba) _ Zvel indoeTSi zepiri formiT gada-cemuli samarTlebrivi codna, romelic mogvianebiT, religiuri, zneobrivi da samarTlebrivi minawerebis krebulebSi aisaxa.

q

qSatria _ Zvel indoeTSi ierarqi-ulad meore safuxurze mdgomi kastis wevri, romlis ufleba-movaleoba qve-SevrdomTa dacva, wyalobis gacema, saku-Tari saxeliT msxverplis Sewirva, vede-bis Seswavla da amqveyniur siamovnebaze uaris Tqma iyo. qSatriebs evalebodaT qveynis marTva-gamgeblobaSi monawileoba.

14

S

Samalumi (Sum. amall(m) _ CanTis ma-tarebeli) _ babilonSi mtvirTeli, sa-qonelis gamsaRebli; Tamqaris savaWro agenti, romelsac Tamqari sxvadasxva sesxs aZlevda da romlis winaSec igi iyo pa-suxismgebeli.

Sanfu _ vanis piradi neba-survilebis aRmsrulebeli, administraciuli da sam-xedro funqciebis ganmkargavi.

Saqanaqumi (aqad. Sakkanakkum) _ babi-lonSi olqis (provinciis) mmarTveli.

SenSi _ Zvel CineTSi profesiuli sa-moxeleo aparati.

SerikTumi (aqad. eriktum) _ babilonSi mziTevi, romelic qaliSvils gaTxovebis an taZarSi qurumad aRkvecis SemTxvevaSi miecemoda (nadiTumi (sanskr. unayofo) _ `RvTis xasa~, qurumi qali, romelsac sa-mefo miwaze wili hqonda; enTumi _ `Rv-Tis qalbatoni~ an `RvTis da~; ziqrumi_ taZris meZavi qali).

Sudra _ Zvel indoeTSi yvelaze da-bali kastis warmomadgeneli, romlis mo-

15

valeoba zemdgomi wodebebis msaxureba iyo. Sudra piradad Tavisufali adamiani iyo, magram politikuri uflebiT ar sargeblobda.

C

Candali _ Zvel indoeTSi xelmiukare-belTa kasta, romelic varnebis sistemis miRma imyofeboda.

j

jati _ Zvel egvipteSi maRalCinosani moxele, romelic faraonis miTiTebiT saxelmwifos yvela saqmes xelmZRvanelob-da.

16

elada da romi

a

agora (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi sax-alxo kreba, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis ganmaxorcielebeli umaRlesi organo.

antixreza (berZ. ) _ antikur samarTalSi xelSekruleba, romlis Tan-madac kreditors ufleba hqonda dagira-vebuli nivTis nayofiT, rogorc pro-centiT, ise esargebla xelSekrulebis mixedviT.

areopagi (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTen-Si tomobrivi aristokratiis umaRlesi organo, romelic uzenaes xelisuflebas axorcielebda. areopagis wevrs areopagi-ti ewodeboda.

arqageti (berZ. ) _ spartaSi tomobrivi aristokratiis meTauri, be-ladi, romlis warmoSobac dakavSirebu-lia lakonikasa da meseniaSi dorieli da aqaveli tomebis SemosevasTan, ris Sede-gad spartaSi Camoyalibda ori aristo-kratiuli sagvareulo _ ageadebi da evriponpidebi, romelTa meTaurebic ar-

17

CeviT arqagetis Tanamdebobas ikavednen. rogorc wesi, spartaSi samxedro qurum-Tuxucesisa da samemkvidreo sakiTxebis gadawyvetas ori arqageti axorcielebda. rva weliwadSi spartiadi eforebi rCevi-saTvis mimarTavdnen delfosis orakuls, romelsac ama Tu im arqagetis Tanamde-bobaze yofnis mizanSewoniloba unda ga-daewyvita. garda amisa, eforebi TveSi erTxel arqagetebTan debdnen SeTanxmeba, rom Tu patiosnad Seasruleben sakuTar movaleobas, arqageti darCeboda Tanamde-bobdaze, xolo efori ar SeuZlida mas xels.

arqonti (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi Tanamdebobis pirTa kolegia, romelic klisTenes reformamde umaRles aRmaru-lebel xelisuflebas flobda. am kole-giaSi cxra wevri iyo eponimi, polema-qosi, bazilevsi da eqvsi TesmoTeti.

atimia (berZ. ) _ eladaSi politi-kuri da samoqalaqo uflebebis CamorTme-va; uRisrad gamocxadeba.

18

b

basilevsi (berZ. ) _ 1. homero-sis periodis eladaSi arCeviTi tomo-brivi Tanamdebobda, tomis beladi; 2.Zvel aTenSi meore arqon(t)i, romelic religiur kults ganagebda; 3.bizantiaSi imperatoris erT-erTi wodeba.

bule (berZ. ) _ 1. homerosis epo-qaSi uxucesTa sabWo; 2. solonis epoqaSi oTxasTa sabWo; 3. klisTenes reformebis Semdeg xuTasTa sabWo. bules wevrs bu-lebti ewodeboda

g

gerusia (berZ. ) _ spartaSi uxu-cesTa sabWo. gerusiis wevrs geronti ewodeboda.

grafe paranomoni (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi nebismieri mo-qalaqis ufleba heleiaSi gaasaCivros ek-lesiaSi Setanili kanonproeqti, romelic moqmed kanonmdeblobas ewinaaRmdegeba.

19

d

deliqti (laT. Delictum) _ Zvel romSi samarTaldarRveva, romelic kerZo pirs,

mis ojaxs an qonebas miadga. (iniuria, furtum)

deportacia (laT. Deportatio) _ 1. sas-jelis saxe Zvel romSi, damnaSavis sami-sdRemSio gaZeveba.

diqtatori (laT. Dictator) _ romis res-publikaSi gansakuTrebuli uflebebiT aRWurvili erTpirovnuli mmarTveli, Tanamdebobis piri, romelsac sagangebo viTarebis dros 6 Tvis vadis irCevdnen(Semdeg 1 wliT, xolo mogvianebiT uva-dod).

dokimasia (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi saxelmwifo Tanamdebobaze asarCe-vi kandidatebis sagangebo Semowmeba.

dominiumi (laT. Dominium) _ kerZo sa-kuTrebis ufleba Zvel romSi, rac nivTze srul batonobas gulisxmobda.

20

e

egzogamia (berZn. ) _ erTi gva-ris an Temis warmomadgenlebs Soris qorwinebis akrZalva.

edili (laT. Aedilis) _ romaeli magi-stri, romelsac evaleboda sazogadoe-briv Senoba-nagebobebze, quCebis sisuf-Tavesa, zomisa da wonis sizusteze meT-valyureoba. Tavdapirvelad, edilebi sax-alxo tribunTa TanaSemweebi iyvnen. mog-vianebiT ki, avgustusma maTi uflebebi SezRuda, raTa ufro profesionaluri administraciuli uwyeba Seeqmna. edilebs daevalaT ezrunaT saxelmwifo Senobebis, taZrebis, moednebis sisufTavesa da we-srigze; isini xelmZRvanelobdnen spor-tul asparezobebs, icavdnen saxelmwifo xazinas, arigebdnen purs da a.S.

ediqti (laT. Edictum) _ 1. imperatoris konstituticiebis erT-erTi saxe, mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis saerTo savaldebulo gankarguleba; 2. romaeli magistratebis (mag., pretoris) sajaro gancxadebebi da brZanebebi.

21

evikcia (laT. Evictio) _ romis samar-TalSi myidvelisaTvis nivTis flobis uflebis CamorTmeva im sarCelis safuZ-velze, romelis nivTis kanonierma mesa-kuTrem waradgina mis winaaRmdeg.

evpatridi (berZ. ) _ atikis aristokratiuli modgma, romelic aTenSi klisTenes reformebamde privilegirebul fenas warmoadgenda da mxolod maT SeeZloT raime saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis dakaveba.

emancipacia (laT. Emancipatio) _ Zvel romSi Svilebis an SviliSvilebis mamis xelisuflebidan samgzis fiqtiuri gayid-vis gziT gaTavisufleba.

emfiTevzisi (berZ. ) _ anti-kur da Sua saukuneebis samarTalSi sxvis nivTze uflebis nairsaxeoba, miwis grZelvadiani memkvidreobiTi ijara gasx-visebis uflebiT.

efeti (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi sasa-marTlo kolegia, romelic gaurfTxile-beli mkvlelobis saqmeebs ganixilavda.

22

efori (berZ. ) _ spartaSi yovel-wlirad xuT efors irCevdnen, romelTac, Tavdapirvelad, mxolod sasamarTlo procesis warmoeba evalebodaT, xolo mogvianebiT yvela saxelmwifo Tanamdebo-bis pirsa da TviT arqagets meTvalyu-reobdnen. spartaSi xuTi eforis Tanam-deboba qr.Sobamde 405 wels aristokra-tiuli oligarqiis warmomadgenlebma Se-moiRes.

v

veto (laT. Veto) _ Zveli romSi plebee-bis ufleba diqtatoris garda, nebismie-ri magistratis gadawyvetileba uareyoT.

T

Temenosi (berZ. ) _ homerosisperiodis eladaSi basilevsis sasargeb-lod gaRebuli miwis gansakuTrebuli nadeli.

Teti (berZ. ) _ eladaSi gaRatake-buli meTeme glexi, romelic valauvalo-bis gamo monad iyideboda.

23

Toqsoti (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi policiis funqciebis ganmaxorcielebeli saxelmwifo mona.

i

imperatori (laT. Imperator) _ Tavda-pirvelad, es iyo sapatio wodeba, ro-melic Zlevamosil mTavarsardals eniWe-boda. mogvianebiT ki, imperiis uzenaesi mmarTvelis wodeba gaxda.

imperiumi (laT. Imperium) _ Zvel rom-Si umaRlesi samxedro, administraciuli da sasamarTlo xelisufleba, romelic gaaCndaT diqtators, konsuls, pretorsa da cxenosani razmebis meTaurebs; aseve, adgilobrv romael nacvlebs provincieb-Si (prokonsulsa da propretors).

instituciebi (laT. Institutiones) _ Zvel romSi romaeli iuristebis naSromTa erT-erTi saxe, romlebsac saxelmZRvane-los daniSnuleba hqondaT.

intencia (laT. Intentio) _ Zvel romSi pretoris formulis mTavari Semadgeneli nawili, romelSic mosarClis moTxovnebi iyo mocemuli.

24

ipoTeka (berZ. ) _ antikur (berZ-nul-romaul) samarTalSi uZravi qonebis dagiravebis saxe, roca ipoTekis nivTi mevales rCeba.

k

kvestori (laT. Quaestor) _ dabali ran-gis Tanamdeboba romaul magistraturaSi. kvestorad niSnavdnen romis moqalaqes mxolod 30 wlis asakidan. misi saqmianoba ZiriTadad, finansebTan iyo dakavSire-buli. Tavisi movaleobis aRsrulebis Semdeg eqs-kvestors saSualeba eZleobda gaegrZelebina moRvaweoba senatSi an sxva dawesebulebaSi.

kleruxia (berZ. miwis nakveTi, - vflob) _ eladaSi aTenelTa samxedro dasaxleba mokavSire polisSi.

klienti (laT. Clientes) _ Zvel romSi ucxoelebi an gaRaribebuli romaeli mo-qalaqe, romelic particiuli ojaxis mfarvelobaSi imyofeboda.

koloni (laT. Colonus) _ Zvel romSi Tavdapirvelad, miwis Tavisufali mei-

jare, xolo IV saukunidan miwaze samar-

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Tlebrivad mijaWvuli glexi, romelsac ekrZaleboda sakuTari dasaxlebis mito-veba.

komicia (laT. Comitia) _ Zveli romis saxalxo kreba, romelic uflebamosili iyo mieRo kanonebi (ganexorcielebina sakanonmdeblo saqmianoba) da aerCia magi-stratebi. romSi Semdegi saxis komiciebi

arsebobda 1. centuriis kreba (Comitia cen-

turiata) Zvel romSi moqmedi saxalxo kreba, romlis wevrebi xmas centuriebis anu aseulebis mixedviT aZlevdnen. 2. kuriis

kreba (Comitia curiata) Zvel romSi moqmedi saxalxo kreba, romlis muSaobaSi mona-wileobas iRebda 30 patrici. 3. tribebis

kreba (Comitia tributa) Zvel romSi moqmedi saxalxo kreba, romlis wevrebi xmas tri-bebis aZlevdnen.

kondemnacia (laT. Condemnatio) _ Zvel romSi pretoris formulis ZiriTadi nawili, romelSic igi mouwodebda mosa-marTles mopasuxis gamarTlebis an gam-tyunebisken.

konstitucia (laT. Constitutio) _ impe-riis periodSi imperatoris mier gamoce-

26

muli aqti (ediqti, mandati, reskripti, dekreti), romelic sxva magistratebis aqtebsagan gansxvavebiT imperiis mTels teritoriaze moqmedebda.

konsuli (laT. Consul) _ respublikis periodidan moyolebuli konsuli iyo umaRlesi wodeba, romelic imperiis pe-riodSi sapatio Tanamdebobad iqca. Tav-dapirvelad, saxalxo kreba irCevda or konsuls patriciaTa modgmidan erTi wlis vadiT. mogvianebiT, qr.Sobamde mi-Rebuli iqna liciniusisa da seqstiusis kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac, erTi konsuli aucileblad unda yofiliyo plebsis warmomadgeneli. konsulebi sargeblobd-nen xmis micemis uflebiT sisxlissamar-Tlebriv sasamarTlo procesebze; isini ganagebdnen samoqalaqo samarTlis zo-gierT sferos, kerZod, monebTan dakavSi-rebuli saqmeebs. maT sapatio movaleobad iTvleboda saxalxo asparezobisa da re-ligiuri zeimebis mowyoba. konsulis Ta-namdebobaze yofna ama Tu im pirs saSua-lebas aZlevda gza gaekafa sazogadoebriv Tu samxedro sarbielze. konsulTa atri-butebad miiCneoda gansakuTrebuli toga, saceremonio savarZeli da pirad mcvelTa amala. qr.Sobamde 153 wels miRebuli ka-

27

nonis Tanaxmad, konsulTa inauguraciis dRed daniSnuli iyo 1 ianvari.

kontumberniumi (laT. Contubernium) _ Zvel romSi monasa da Tavsufals Soris qorwinebis msgavsi mudmivi, Tumca iuri-diuli Sedegis armqone ojaxuri kavSiri, Tanacxovreba.

kuria (laT. Curia) _ 1. Zvel romSi pa-triciebis aTi gvaris gaerTianeba; 2. im-periis periodSi provinciul qalaqebSi municipaluri mmarTvelobis organo (qa-laqis senati); 3. Sua saukuneebis dasav-leT evropis qveynebSi senioraluri sasa-marTlo (senioris sabWo Tavis vasaleb-Tan erTad) an kaTolikuri eklesiis mmarTvelobis centraluri organoebis erToblioba (papis kuria).

l

legati (laT. Legatum) _ romaul samar-TalSi saanderZo danakisri, romlis Ta-naxmadac, memkvidre valdebuli iyo an-derZSi miTiTebuli pirisaTvis qonebis gansazRvruli wili gadaeca.

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legioni (laT. Legio) _ romis imperiis samxedro SenaerTi, romelic 4 200 - 6 000 qveiTi da 300 cxenosnisagan Sedgebo-da.

liqtori (laT. Lictor) _ piradi mcveli. tradiciis Tanaxmad, liqtorTa institu-ti romSi etruskTa mibaZviT daaarsa ro-mulusma. liqtorebi, dabali fenis war-momadgenlebi iyvnen. isini maRalCinosan-Ta win Camwkrivebulni miabijebdnen faskiebiT xelSi. yoveli magistratisaT-vis liqtorTa gansazRvruli raodenoba iyo dawesebuli. ase magaliTad, diqta-toris amalaSi 24 liqtori iricxeboda, konsuls Tan axlda 12, pretors 6, impe-rators Tavdapirvelad 12, mogvianebiT ki 24 liqtori.

liturgia (berZ. ) _ RvTismsax-urebis aRsruleba. 1. Zvel aTenSi mdi-dar moqalaqeebze saxelmwifos sasargeb-lod dakisrebuli gansakuTrebuli mova-leoba; 2. qristianuli eklesiaSi RvTism-saxureba.

29

m

mandati (laT. Mandatum) _ Zvel romSi imperatoris konstituciebis erT-erTisaxe, calkeuli moxeleebisaTvis micemuli davalebebi.

mancipacia (laT. Mancipatio) _ romis samarTalSi nivTiebis gasxvisebis mkacrad gansazRvruli forma, romelic xor-cieldeboda spilenZisa da sasworis meS-veobiT.

medimni (berZ.) _ Zvel aTenSi zoma-wonis erTeuli (51.84 litri).

meteki (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi me-tekebad iwodebodnen sxva polisidan an qveynidan mosuli is ucxoelebi, romel-Tac qalaqSi cxovrebis ufleba garkveu-li sazRauris safasurad eZleodaT; Tumca, maT politikuri uflebebi ar hqondaT.

n

nabkraria (berZ. ) _ eladaSi teritoriuli olqi, romelsac saTaveSi pritani (ix. pritania) edga. am olqis mcxovreblebs samxedro gemisa da misi

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ekipaJis yovelwliuri aRWurva evalebo-daT.

neqsumi (laT. Nexum) _ romis samar-TalSi xelSekrulebis erT-erTi saxe, romlis meSveobiTac mancipaciis formi-Ta da mevaleze `xelis dadebis~ muqariT sxvadasxva saxis valebuleba (qiravnoba, ijara, sakuTrebis gasxiseba) formdeboda.

nobiliteti (laT. Nobilitas) _ qr. So-bamde IV-III saukuneebSi romSi Camoyali-bebuli umaRlesi wodeba, romelic yve-laze cnobil patriciebsa da mdidar plebeur gvarebs aerTianebda.

novacia (laT. Novatio) _ romis samar-TalSi xelSekrulebis monawileTa axali pirebiT Canacvleba, an damatebiTi kre-ditoris an mevalis Semoyvana, an valde-bulebis Sesrulebis adgilis, vadis an pirobis Secvla.

o

optimatebi (laT. Optimates) _ Zvel romSi Tavisufali moqalaqeebis gaerTia-neba, romelic emxroboda senats da

31

qr.Sobamde I saukuneSi popularebis mowi-naaRmdegeebad iTvlebodanen.

ostrakizmi (berZ. ) _ gaZeve-ba qoTnis natexebiT. aTenSi, argossa da zogierT sxva qalaqSi arasasurvel ada-mians saxelmwifodan wilisyriT aZevebd-nen. moqalaqe Tixis qoTnis natexze, ro-melsac `ostrakoni~ ewodeboda, amoka-wravda misTvis arasasureli kacis sax-els. ostrakonebs agrovebdnen da iT-vlidnen. maTi ricxvi samoci aTasze nak-lebi ar unda yofiliyo. xmebis daTvlis Semdeg, gamoacxadebdnen im kacis saxels, romelic met xmas miiRebda da mas aTi wliT unda daetovebina qalaqi, ukan po-litikuri ufllebis gareSe dabrunebis uflebiT.

p

patricebi (laT. Patricii) _ Zvel romSi warCinebuli umaRlesi Caketili wodeba, romelTa warmomavloba saerTo winapri-sagan aiTvleboda.

pedonomi (berZ. ) _ spartaSi Tanamdebobis piri, romelsac 20 wlamde vaJebis aRzrda evaleboda.

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pekuliumi (laT. Peculium) _ Zvel romSi mamasaxlisis mier vaJiSvilis an monisaT-vis damoukideblad samarTavad gadace-muli qonebis nawili.

pentakosiomedimni (berZ. -) _ Zvel aTenSi solonis refor-mebis Sedegad Tavisufali mosaxleobis qonebrivi niSniT gansazRvruli umeRle-si Tanrigi.

peregrini (laT. Per - Tvis, Agere - miwa) _ Zvel romSi ucxoeli, dapyrobili an damorCilebuli uxco qveynis warmomad-geneli.

periekebi (berZ. ) _ spartaSi arasruluflebiani Tavisufali mosax-leoba, romelic vaWrobasa da xelosno-bas misdevda.

plebeebi (laT. Plebs) _ AZvel romSi sagvareulo Temis miRma darCenili mo-saxleoba an gaRaribebuli da sakuTar Tems CamoSorebuli wevrebi.

poletebi (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi aTi wevrisagan Semdgari kolegia, romel-ic saxelmwifo xarjebs akontrolebda.

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popularebi (laT. Populares) _ Zvel romSi Tavisufali moqalaqeebis opozi-ciuri politikuri dajgufeba, romelic senaturi oligarqiisa da optimatebis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda.

preskripcia (laT. Praescriptio) _ Zvel romSi pretoris procesualuri formu-lis is nawili, romelic, intenciis win iwereboda da es iyo uaryofiTi piroba, romelic mosarClis sasasargeblod zRudavda davis sagans.

pretori (laT. Praetor) _ Zvel romSi bolo reqsis gaZevebis Semdeg damkvidre-buli Tanamdebodba. pretorebis saqmia-nobis umTavresi sfero samoqalaqo sa-marTaliT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta iyo. imperiis periodSi pre-torTa poziciebi Sesustda. maT mova-leobaTa ZiriTadi nawili gadaeca qa-laqTa prefeqtebs. arsebobda qalaqisa

(praetor urbanus) da ucxoelebis (praetor peregri-

nus) pretori.

prefeqti (laT. Praefectus) _ umaRlesi Tanamdebobis pirTa wodeba armisa Tu samoqalaqo samsaxurSi. prefeqtis wode-

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bas iRebdnen mxolod senatorebi an mxe-darTa fenis warmomadgenlebi.

principati (laT. Principatus) _ Zvel romSi imperiis pirveli periodi

(qr.Sobamde I _ qr.Sobis III saukuneebi), oqtaviane avgustusis dros Camoyalibe-buli mmarTvelobis erTgvari forma, pi-radi mmarTvelobis gansakuTrebuli re-Jimi.

princepsi (laT. Princeps) _ araoficia-luri, Tumca friad mniSvnelovani wode-ba, romelic `pirvel saxelmwifo moR-vawes~ gulisxmobda. respublikis peri-odis romSi princepsi ewodeboda senatis nusxis saTaveSi mdgom pirs, romelic `pirveli xmis uflebiT~ sargeblobda; magaliTad, pompeusi, ciceroni. imperiis epoqaSi `princepsi~ imperatoris wodeba gaxda, Tumca, saxelmwifoebrivi an samar-Tlebrivi datvirTva mas ar hqonda. pir-vel xanebSi es wodeba prestiJuli iyo. kaligulas mmarTvelobidan (qr.Sobis 37-41 w.) moyolebuli ki, man sabolood da-karga Tavisi mniSvneloba.

pritania (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi bules samorigeo kolegia, romlis Ziri-

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Tadi mizani saxelmwifos yoveldRiuri saqmianobis uSualo gaZRola iyo.

provokacia (laT. Provocatio) _ Zvel romSi gansasjelis ufleba sasikvdilo ganaCenis gasaCivrebisaTvis komiciis an plebsis tribunisaTvis miermarTa.

prokulianelebi (laT. Procul(e)iani) _ Zvel romSi samarTlebrivi skola, ro-melic faqtobrivad labeonma daaarsa. misi mimdevrebi respublikis periodis romaeli iuristebis tradiciebs ganagr-Zobdnen da kazuistikisi sferoSi warma-tebiT moRvaweobdnen. (ix. sabinianelebi)

proletarebi (laT. Proles) _ Zvel romSi qalaqis Raribi mosaxeloba, uqo-neli moqalaqeebi, romlebic saxelmwifo-saTvis sasargebloni iyvnen imiT, rom qveynis genofonds zrdidnen da aRweril-ni iyvnen rogorc `Sefasebuli Tavebi~

(laTinuri: capite censi).

r

reqsi (laT. Rex) _ uZveles romSi to-mis arCeviTi beladi; mefe.

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reskripti (laT. Rescriptum) romSi impe-ratoris erT-erTi konstituciaTagani, riTac imperatori pasuxobda calkeul pirs an magistrats, romelic samarTle-briv sakiTxebze rCevisaTvis mimarTavda imperators.

s

sabinianelebi (laT. Sabiniani) _ Zvel romSi samarTlebrivi skola, romelic sabinianusis moswavlem kasiusi longinus-ma Camoayaliba. am skolis warmomadgenle-bi samarTlis sistematizaciasa da iuri-diuli teqnikis safuZvlebs SeimuSavebd-nen.

senati (laT. Senatus) _ romSi uxucesTa sabWo arsebobda jer kidev reqsebis pe-riodSi. senatis wevrebi iyofodnen ran-gebad, imis mixedviT, Tu ra Tanamdebo-bebs flobdnen adre (konsulebi, preto-rebi, edilebi, tribunebi, kvestorebi). diskusiis dros senatorebs sityvis Tqmis ufleba am rangebis mixedviT eniWe-bodaT. senatis saTaveSi idga yvelaze Rirseuli senatorTagan, mas princepsi

ewodeboda (princeps senatus). senatis funq-ciebSi Sedioda kanonebis miReba, arCev-

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nebis Sedegebis damtkiceba; magistratebis saqmianobaze zedamxedveloba da maTTvis rCevebis micema; saSinao politikis war-marTva; finansebTan dakavSirebul prob-lemebis gadawyveta. mis dadgenilebebs, iseve rogorc saxalxo krebisa Tu pleb-sis krebis gankargulebebs, kanonis Zala eniWeboda.

senatuskonsultumi (laT. SenatusConsul-

tum) _ Zvel romSi senatis dadgenileba, romelic principatis periodidan romis samarTlis wyaro gaxda.

servituti (laT. Servitutes) _ romis sa-marTalSi sxvis nivTze sanivTo ufleba, riTac SesaZlebeli xdeba nivTis sruli an nawilobrivi floba, rac uSualodaa miwasTan an konkretul pirTanaa dakavSi-rebuli.

sikofantesi (berZ. ) _ pro-fesionali damsmeni, cilismwamebeli. qr.

Sobamde V saukunidan Zvel aTenSi upa-suxismgeblo cilismwamebels sastikad sjidnen.

simaqia (berZ. ) _ eladaSi delo-sis sazRvao kavSiri, romelic aerTia-

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nebda aTenis egidiT Seqmnil sxvadasxva poliss.

sinoikizmi (berZ. ) _ eladaSi atikis sagvareulo Temebis nebayoflobi-Ti an iZulebiTi gaerTianeba politikur erTobad.

sisaxTia (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTen-Si solonis reforma, romliTac gauqmda savalo monoba.

sisitiebi (berZ. ) _ spartaSi spartanelebis savaldebulo erToblivi sadili, romelic imavdroulad saomar qvedanayofs warmoadgenda.

solidi (laT. Solidus) _ 312 wels kons-tantines mier aureus-is magivrad Semo-Rebuli oqros moneta. erTi solidis

wona 1/72 romaul funts (libra) udrida. monetis moWris eqskluziuri ufleba aR-mosavleT-romis imperatorebs hqondaT. rogorc fulis erTeuli solidi bizan-tiis imperiis dacemamde arsebobda da mTel evropaSi iyo mimoqcevaSi. amaze me-tyvelebs mogvianebiTi periodis termine-

bi soldo (italiuri), sou (franguli).

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stipulacia (laT. Stipulatio) _ romis samarTalSi abstraqtuli verbaluri xelSekrulebis uZvelesi saxe, romelic gansazRvruli sityvieri formuliT ide-boda.

strategosi (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi mxedarTmTavari. qr.Sobamde 508/507 wels Zvel aTenSi Seiqmna aTi strategosisagan Semdgari kolegia, ro-melsac yovelwliurad irCevdnen da romlebic armiasa da flots meTaurobd-nen. gansakuTrebul viTarebaSi stratego-si-avtokratori mxadarTmTavari xdeboda da saxelmwifoSi mTel Zalauflebas iZenda.

t

tetrarqia (berZ. ) _ romis imperiaSi mmarTvelobis gansakuTrebuli sistema, rac saxelmwifo teritoriis oTxad dayofas efuZneba. es sistema Ca-moyalibda imperator diokletianesa da misi TanammarTvelis keisris periodSi.

triba (laT. Tribus) _ 1. uZveles romSi aTi kuriisagan Semdgari gaerTianeba,

40

tomi; 2. servius tuliusis reformis Se-degad teritoriuli olqi.

tribuni (laT. Tribunus) _ Zvel romSi umniSvnelovanesi arCeviTi Tanamdeboba. plebsis interesebis damcvel tribuns ewodeboda saxalxo tribuni tribunebi Tavis amomrCevelTa interesebis Tavgamo-debuli damcveliebi iyvnen. sargeblobd-nen ra gansakuTrebuli uflebebiT, isini akontrolebdnen romael politikosTa saqmianobas; maT SeeZloT nebismieri in-stitutis an piris (diqtatoris garda) win aRdgoma. qr.Sobamde I saukunidan tribunis Tanamdeboba yvelaze avtorite-tuli da sapatio gaxda. . tribunis Ta-namdeboba arsebobda legionebSic samxe-dro tribunis saxelwodebiT.

trierarqia (berZ. ) _ eladaSi liturgiis gansakuTrebuli saxe, rac SeZlebul aTenelebs sakuTari xarjebiT samxedro gemis aRWurvas avaldebulebda.

tritiebi (berZ. ) _ eladaSi gansa-kuTrebuli regionebi (saqalaqo, sanapi-ro, samiwaTmoqmedo), romlebic Sediod-nen klisTenes reformebiT dawesebul aT teritoriul filaSi.

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triumfi (laT. Triumphus) _ gamarjvebisniSnad mTavarsardlis pativsacemad ga-marTuli zeimi.

u

uzufruqti (laT. Usus - sargebloba,

fructus - nayofi) _ sxvisi nivTis nayofiT sargeblobis ufleba.

f

faskia (laT. Fascia) _ tyavis TasmebiT Sekruli wnelTa kona, romelSic culi iyo Camagrebuli. faskiebs romis maRali wodebis is magistratebi atarebdnen, romlebic sadamsjelo xelisuflebas axorcielebdnen.

federatebi (laT. Foederatus) _ impe-riis periodis romSi germanuli tomebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac romTan sa-mokavSireo da sazRvrebis dacvis SeTanx-meba gaaformes.

fideikomisi (laT. Fideicommissum) _ romis samarTalSi anderZis Sedgenis ga-reSe araformaluri danakisri mesame pi-

42

ris sasargeblod samkidro qonebis ga-dacemis Sesaxeb.

fiducia (laT. Fiducia) _ romis samar-TalSi ndobaze dafuZnebuli dagiravebis forma, romlis drosac dagiravebuli nivTi kreditoris sakuTrebad iTvlebo-da.

file (berZ. ) _ 1. homerosis peri-odis eladaSi atikis tomi; 2. Zvel aTen-Si klisTenes reformebiT Seqmnili te-ritoriul-politikuri olqi.

fiski (laT. Fiscus) _ Zvel romSi impe-ratoris xazina.

formula (laT. Formula) _ 1. Zvel roSi mosamarTlisadmi gankuTvnili pretoris mokle ganawesi imis Sesaxeb, faqtiuri Tu iuriduli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT rogor unda gaamarTlos an gaasamar-Tlos mopasuxe; 2. adreuli Sua saukunee-bis dasavleT evropaSi romelime garege-bis gamaformebeli sigeli, sabuTis nimu-Si.

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fseTizma (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi calkeuli pirebisaTvis eklesiis dadge-nileba.

c

cenzori (laT. Censor) _ mniSvnelovani magistrati respublikuri periodis romSi. cenzorebs yofil konsulTagan irCevdnen 5 weliwadSi erTxel; maTi uf-lebamosilebis vada 18 TviT gani-sazRvreboda. cenzorTa umTavres mova-leobad mosaxleobis (rogorc Tavisufa-li, ise monebis) aRricxva, mxedarTa da senatorTa nusxebis revizia iTvleboda. cenzors ufleba hqonda amoewera an Cae-wera am nusxaSi pirebi. aqedan gamomdi-nare, cenzorebi sakuTar Tavze iRebdnen moqalaqeTa znis zedamxedvelobis funq-ciasac. garda amisa, cenzorTa saqmianoba dakavSirebuli iyo saxelmwifo biujetis ganawilebasTanac, qalaqis nagebobaTa dacvasTan da a.S.

centuria (laT. Centuria) _ Zvel romSi 1. aseuli, rogorc romauli jaris er-Teuli; 2. romael moqalaqeTa qonebrivi cenzis mixedviT gaerTianeba komiciebSi monawileobis miRebis mizniT.

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cesia (laT. Cessio) _ romaul samarTal-Si sasamarTlo wesiT uflebis daTmoba, kvitiruli uflebis gadacemis formalu-ri saSualeba pretoris TandaswrebiT formaluri sasamarTlo davis meSveobiT.

civitasi (laT. Civitas) _ Zvel romSi Temi-saxelmwifo, uZvelesi laTinebis, sabinianelebisa da etruskebis tomebis gaerTianebis Sedegi.

h

helieia (berZ. ) _ Zvel aTenSi sa-samrTlo organo, romelic solonis pe-riodSi sisxlis samarTlis gansakuTre-biT mniSvnelovani saqmeebis gansaxilve-lad da kanonmdeblobis sferos makon-troleblad Seiqmna. helieias wevrs he-lieasti ewodeboda.

hiloTebi, iloTebi (berZ. ) _ eladaSi meseniis avtoqtonuri (ZirZveli) mosaxleoba, romelic spartis mier dapy-robis Semdeg saxelmwifo monebi gavxdnen. isini miwis nakveTebze mimagrebuli mone-bi iyvnen da maTi movaleoba iyo sparta-nelebisaTvis am miwidan aRebuli Semo-savlis naxevari miecaT. zogjer maT sam-

45

xedro samsaxurac avalebdnen msubuqi qveiTebis saxiT. sruliad uuflebo hi-loTebi spartanelebis mxridan mkacr mo-pyrobasa da usamarTlobas awydebodnen. Sesabamisad, hiloTebi araerT ajanyebas awyobdnen.

hipomeioni (berZ. ) _ `fskerze daSvebuli is spartiatebi, romlebsac ar ergoT klerosi, ver moipoves bei-Talmani qoneba da aekrZalaT sisitiebSi monawileoba.

hopliti (berZ. ) _ eladaSi mZimed SeiaraRebuli qveiTi jari.

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adre da Sua saukuneebis peri-odis dasavleT evropa

a

absolutizmi (frang. Absolutisme) _ feodaluri wyobilebis saxelmwifoSi mmarTvelobis forma, rodesac SeuzRuda-vi umaRlesi xelisufleba monarqs ekuTv-nis.

alodi (germ. Al - sruli, Od - mflobe-loba) _ Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evro-paSi Tavisuflad gasxvisebadi mi-waTmflobeloba, individualuri saojaxo

sakuTreba.

antrustioni _ frankebis samefoSi mmarTvelis mosamsaxure (msaxuri), romel-ic kanonis gansakuTrebuli mfarvelobiT sargeblobda.

arier-vasali (frang. Arriere Vassal daq-vemdebarebuli feodali) _ Sua saukunee-bis dasavleT evropaSi vice-vasali (val-vasori), wvrili an saSualo feodali, romelic msxvil feodalebze, gvirgvinis an perebis vasalebze iyo damokidebuli.

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asiza (gviani laT. Assisa sxdoma) _ 1.Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropaSi feodalTa sxdoma; 2. Sua saukuneebis inglisSi mefis gankarguleba an sasamarTlo sarCelis saxe, an gamsvleli sasamarTlo nafic msajulTa monawileobiT.

aTatomia _ frankebis samefoSi qone-bis gadacemis simboluri sajaro aqti, mesame piris sasargeblod Cuqebis xelSe-krulebis erTgvari saxe, romelic ander-

Zis elementebs Seicavs.

b

bazilika (berZ. ) _ bizantiaSi berZnul enaze dawerili sakanonmdeblo aqtebis krebuli, romelic X saukuneSi dasrulda, krebulis 60 wigni imdroi-saTvis jer kidev moqmedi iustinianes samarTals kompilacias Seicavs.

baii (frang. Bailli) _ Sua saukuneebis sa-frangeTSi daSnis an mantiis moxele, ro-melic samarTals mefis an senioris sax-eliT axorcielebda.

bani (frang. Ban) _ 1. Sua saukuneebis evropaSi vasalebis samxedro samsaxurSi

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gawveva; 2. frankebis samefoSi CveulebiTi samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli mefis uf-lebamosileba gamosces sakanonmdeblo aqtebi; 3. Sua saukuneebis germaniaSi me-fis ganaCeniT gasamarTlebis ufleba.

banaliteti (frang. Banalite _ senio-risTvis gankuTvnili) _ Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropaSi sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebaze (wisqvili, Rumeli, venaxi da sxva) senioris monopoliuri ufleba.

beilifi (ingl. Bailiff) _ Sua saukunee-bis inglisSi sasamarTlo moxele, aseu-lis ufrosi da Serifis TanaSemwe.

beneficiumi (laT. Beneficium - wyaloba) _ Sua saukuneebis evropaSi miwis sami-sdReSio pirobiTi mflobeloba, samxe-dro an administraciuli samsaxurisaTvis vasalis anazRaureba.

buklendi (ing. Bookland) _ Sua sauku-neebis inglisSi miwis mflobeloba, ro-melic mefis mier saeklesio dawesebule-bis an aristokratiis warmomadgenls wyalobis saxiT gadaecema.

49

breve (laT. Breve mokle) _ romis papis normatiuli aqtis erT-erTi saxe.

bula (laT. Bulla _ liTonis burTi) _ romis papis an germaniis imperatoris normatiuli aqti (sigeli, dadgenileba an gankarguleba), romelic mrgvali liTo-nisebri beWdiT iluqeboda.

burJua (frang. Bourgeois) _ 1. Sua sau-kuneebis dasavleT evropaSi saqalaqo fe-nis warmomadgeneli; 2. Sua saukuneebis safrangeTSi aseve msxvili mewarme an fi-nansisti.

g

gerefa _ normandiul inglisamde me-fis warmomadgeneli farTo sasamarTlo-policiuri uflebebiT, qalaqis an olqis mmarTveli.

glafordi (ing. Glaford) _ anglo-saqsebSi erlebis an temebis ricxvidan mfarveli, romelic sagadasaxado imuni-tetis sigeliT da mTel saimuniteto te-ritoriaze sapolicio da sasamarTlo xelisuflebiT iyo aRWurvili.

50

glosatorebi (berZ. ucxo, gaugebari sityvebis ganmarteba) _ Sua saukuneebis italieli iuristebi, rom-lebic romis samarTlis naSromebSi cal-keul debulebebsa Tu terminebs ganmar-tavdnen da TavianT mokle komentarebs anu glosebs striqonebs Soris an teqs-tis velze werdnen.

e

epitimia (berZ. sasjeli) _ ek-lesiis kanonebisa da mRvdlebis miTiTe-bebis darRvevisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli saeklesio sasjeli, romelic xangrZliv locvebs, mkacr marxvebsa da uziareblo-bas gulisxmobda.

eresi (berZ. ) _ mZime danaSauli, romelic dogmatikis, kulturisa da saeklesio organizaciis sakiTxebSi ekle-siis oficialuri doqtrinidan gadaxve-vas gulisxmobs.

erli (ing. Earl) _ normadniuli peri-odamdel inglisSi gvarovnuli aristo-kratia, mogvianebiT _ grafi.

51

v

`varskvlavTa palata~ (ing. Court of

Star Chamber) _ Sua saukuneebis inglisSi sagangebo/gansakuTrebuli sasamarTlo, romelic politikuri danaSaulis saq-meebs ganixilavda.

vasali (frang. Vassal _ daqvemdebare-buli, msaxuri) _ Sua saukuneebis dasav-leT evropaSi miwaTmflobeli, romelic Tavis seniors eqvemdebarebnoda da vasa-luri garigebis safuZvelze, valdebuli iyo mis sasargeblod garkveuli samsax-uri gaewia.

vergeldi (germ. Wergeld - adamianis fa-si) _ adre Sua saukuneebis samarTalSi Tavisufali adanianis mokvlisaTvis gaT-valiswinebuli fuladi kompensacia.

vikariusi (laT. Vicarius Camnacvlebeli, Semcvleli) _ saepiskoposoSi, monaster-Si sasuliero piris moadgile; kaToli-kuri eklesia romis paps `ieso qristes vikariuss~ uwodebs.

vilani (laT. Villa _ mamuli, nakveTi) _ Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropaSi glex-

52

obis kategoria, romelic batonze gark-veulwilad iyo damokidebuli.

votCina (rus. B) _ mamuli, upi-robo miwaTmflobelobis forma ruseT-Si.

z

zakupi (rus. ) _ kievis ruseTSi mosaxleobis kategoria, romelic kredi-toris sasargeblod muSaobda aRebuli valis dasafaravad.

i

imediatizacia (frang.) _ Sua sauku-neebis evropaSi arier-vasalebis uSua-lod mefisadmi daqvemdebarebaSi gadas-vlis procesi.

inkvizicia (laT. Inquisitio - gamoZieba, gamokvleva) _ Sua saukuneebis evropaSi kaTolikuri eklesiis tribunali, ro-melic sagamoZiebo, sasamarTlo da sa-damsjelo funqciebs axorcieleba. ro-gorc ki qristianoba oficialurad re-ligiad dakanonda, yvela sxva religiuri mimdinareobisa Tu ideologiis devna daiwyo. inkviziciis mTavari mizani iyo

53

kaTolikuri eklesiisaTvis maqsimaluri sargeblis motana da saero xelisufle-bisaTvis Semosavlebis mozidva. aRniSnu-li tribunali eresebs ebrZoda (ix. ere-si).

ini (ing. Inn of Court) _ Sua saukuneebis inglisSi daxuruli iuridiuli korpo-racia, sadac momaval mosamarTleebsa da samarTaldamcvelebs amzadebdnen.

intendanti (frang. Intendant) _ Sua sau-kuneebis safrangeTSi mefis mier daniS-nuli provinciis mmarTveli, romelsac administraciuli, safinanso da sasamar-Tlo xelisufleba gaaCnda.

iusticiari _ Sua saukuneebis inglis-Si inglis-normandielTa mefeebisa da plantagentebis dinastiis pirveli mefee-bis dro umaRlesi mosamarTle da mrCe-veli.

k

kamerariusi (laT. Camerarius) 1. franke-bis samefoSi erT-erTi umaRlesi Tanam-deboba; 2. adrefeodalur germaniasa da normandiul inglisSi xazinis Semosav-

54

lebsa da sasaxlis qonebaze zedamxedveli piri.

kanoni (berZ. norma, wesi) _ 1.kanonikuri normebis erToblioba; 2.bizantiaSi miwis gadasaxadi.

kapitulari (laT. Capitulum - Tavi, ka-nonis muxli) _ adreuli Sua saukuneebis evropaSi mefis aqti.

kerli (ing.) _ anglo-saqsebis samefoSi Tavisufali meTeme glexi.

komendacia (laT. Commendere - rwmuneba, gadacema) _ Sua saukuneebis evropaSi mfarvelobis gansakuTrebuli xelSekru-leba, romelic eklesia-monastersa da glexs Soris formdeboda.

kompozicia _ dazaralebulisaTvis zianis fuladi anazRaureba.

konetabli (frang. conntable) _ 1. Sua saukuneebis safrangeTSi mTeli SeiaraRe-buli Zalebis meTauri; 2. Sua saukuneebis inglisSi samxedro iurisdiqciis mqone Tanamdebobis piri.

55

kopiholdi (ing. copyhold) _ Sua sauku-neebis inglisSi damoukidebeli mi-waTmflobeloba, rodesac piradi da mi-wis gadasaxadis gadaxda manoris sasamar-Tlo gadawyvetilebebis aslebis safuZ-velze xdeba.

kurfiursti _ Sua saukuneebis germa-niaSi erT-erTi (sam sasuliero da oTx saero) yvelaze gavlenian da msxvil feo-dalTagani, romelic imperators irCevda.

kutiumi (frang. coutume) _ Sua sauku-neebis safrangeTSi calkeuli provinciis, senioriis, Temis samarTlebrivi Cveule-ba.

l

landzasi (germ.) _ Sua saukuneebSi germaniis mosaxleoba, romelic ijariT aRebul miwis nakveTebze cxovrobda.

landrexti (germ. landrecht) _ Sua sauku-neebis germaniaSi 1.adgilobrivi samar-Tali (calkeuli miwis samarTali), ro-melic `sagrafo iurisdiqciis~ sa-samrTloebSi gamoiyeneboda; 2.`saqsoniis sakris~ erT-erTi nawili.

56

lendlordi (ing. Landlord) Sua saukunee-bis inglisSi memkvidreobiTi msxvili miwaTmflobeli-aristokrati.

lenrexti (germ. Lehrnrecht) _ Sua sauku-neebis germaniaSi samarTlis normaTa er-Toblioba, romelic miwaTmflobelobas-Tan dakavSirebiT seniorsa da vasals Soris urTierTobas argulirebda.

leti _ anglo-saqsebis samefoSi Temis SezRudulqmedunariani, naxevradTavisu-fali mosaxle.

liti _ 1. frankebis samefoSi Temis SezRudulqmedunariani naxevradTavisu-fali mosaxle; 2. Sua saukuneebis germa-niaSi glexebis kategoria.

m

maiorati (laT. maior _ didi, ufrosi) _ memkvidreobis gansakuTrebuli princi-pi, romlis mixedviTac mamkvidreblis uZravi qoneba ufros vaJiSvils an gvarisufros mamakacs gadaecemoda.

maiordomi (frang. majerdeum) _ franke-bis samefoSi samefo administraciis ufrosi.

57

malusi (laT. malus) _ frankebis same-foSi aseulis Tavisufali adamianebis Sekreba.

ministeriali _ 1. frankebis samefoSi umaRlesi Tanamdebobis piri; 2. Sua sau-kuneebis germaniaSi mefisa da samxedro-administraciuli valdebulebebis mqone msxvili feodalis araTavisufali msax-uri.

o

omaJi (laT. Homo _ adamiani, frang.

Homage) _ Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropaSi vasaluri xelSekrulebis dade-bisa da raindad kurTxevis wesi, romel-sac Tan erTgulebis dapirebac axlda.

p

prevo (frang. Prvt) _ Sua saukuneebis safrangeTSi sasamarTlo, sagadasaxado da sxva funqciebiT aRWurvili administra-ciul-teritoriuli olqis mmarTveli.

prekariumi (laT. Praecarium - TxovniT gadacemuli) _ Sua saukuneebis evropaSi glexsa da batons Soris dadebuli xel-

58

Sekruleba, romelic batonis mier glex-isaTvis, mfarvelobaSi Sesvlisa da mis sasargeblod gadasaxadebisa da sxvadasxva movaleobis Sesrulebis pirobiT, miwis nakveTis gadacemas gulisxmobda

peri (frang. Paire) _ 1.Sua saukuneebis evropaSi msxvili feodalebi, romlebic formalurad mefis vasalebi iyvnen, Tum-ca faqtiurad mefis Tanasworad miiC-nevdnen Tavs; 2. Sua saukuneebis inglisis parlamentSi lordTa palatis wevrebi.

posluxi (rus. ) _ ruseTSi mow-mis saxe, romelmac danaSaulis Sesaxeb gadmocemiT icis, monacemebi gziT moipo-va.

prodaJa (rus. ) _ sisxlis sa-marTlis sasjeli (jarima), romelic ode-noba danaSaulis simZimis mixedviT dgin-deboda. pridaJas dazaralebuls an mis ojaxs uxdidnen.

J

Jakeria (frang. Jacquerie) _ 1358 wels safrangeTis CrdiloeTiT glexebis anti-feodaluri ajanyeba. aRniSnuli saxel-

59

wodeba miiRo safrangeTSi glexebs So-ris farTod gavrcelebuli saxelis -

Jacques Jak - mixedviT. ajanyebulebis feo-daluri daqvemdebarebulobisa da sag-lexo damokidebulebis winaaRmdeg gamo-

diodnen.

Jeneraliteti (frang. Gnralit) _ Sua saukuneebis safrangeTSi sagadasaxado mizniT calke gamoyofili sagangebo ol-qebi.

r

raindi _ Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropaSi samxedro-feodalur wodebas mikuTvnebuli piri.

raxinburgi _ frankebis samefoSi sa-marTlisa da adgilobrivi Cveulebebis mcodneebi, aseulebis sasamarTloebis procesebis monawileebis.

reipusi _ frankebis samefoSi qvrivis gamosasyidi, romelsac momavali meuRle sacolis gardacvlili qmris naTesavebs uxdida.

remonstracia _ Sua saukuneebis sa-frangeTSi parizis parlamentis preroga-

60

tiva uari Tqvas mefis ordonansebis re-gistraciaze.

s

seneSali _ 1. karolingebis dinastiis frankebis samefoSi mefis administraciis ufrosi; 2. Suasaukueneebis safrangeTSi gvirgvinis warmomadgeneli balis ufle-bebiT seniors mierTebuli domenis da sasazRvro teritoriebze.

servi (laT. Servus _ miwaze mimagrebuli mona) _ Sua saukuneebis evropaSi pira-dad damoukidebeli glexi, romelic ba-tonis sasargeblod naturiTa da fuliT ixdida gadasaxads.

skabini _ frankebis samefoSi aseulTa sasamarTlos wevri.

t

triaJi (frang. Triage) _ absolutizmis periodis safrangeTSi Tavadebis mier saglexo Temis kuTvnili miwis erTi mesa-medis gamoRebis ufleba, xazinaSi saTana-do Tanxis gadaxdis sanacvlod.

tungini _ frankebis samefoSi aseulTa sasamarTlos warmomadgeneli.

61

u

uitenagemoti (ing. Witenagemot) _ nor-mandiul inglisamde mefesTan arsebuli `brZenTa~ sabWo.

f

faris fuli _ Sua saukuneebis in-glisSi fuladi konpensacia, romelsac vasalebi samxedro samsaxurisagan gaTavi-sufelbis sanacvlod mefis sasargeblod ixdidnen.

feodi (laT. Feodum) _ Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropaSi memkvidreobiTi mi-waTmflobeloba, romelic seniorisagan vasals garkveuli (samxedro, administra-ciuli) samsaxuris sanacvlod hqonda na-wyalobebi.

folklendi (ing. Folkland) _ Sua sauku-neebis inglisSi Tavisufali meTemis mi-wis mflobeloba.

formariaJi (frang. Formariage) _ Sua saukuneebis safrangeTSi batonis mier qorwinebaze gacemuli sagangebo nebarTva.

62

friholdi (ing. freehold) _ Sua saukunee-bis inglisSi, piradi an rainduli sam-saxuris sanacvlod, miwebis Tavisufali mflobeloba, aseve Tavisufali glexis miwaze mflobeloba, risTvisac glexi lords fiqsirebul Tanxas uxdida.

S

SevaJi _ Sua saukuneebis periodis sa-frangeTSi servis mier gadaxdili sula-dobrivi gadasaxadi.

Serifi _ Sua sakuneebis periodis in-glisSi Tanamdebobis piri, romelsac ad-gilebze sasamarTlo, sapolicio, samxe-dro da finansuri uflebamosileba gaaCnda.

Sefeni _ Sua saukuneebis germaniaSi `arakeTilSobili~ Tavisufali mosax-leobis warmomadgeneli, romelTa rige-bidan saTemo sasamarTloebis mosamar-Tleebs irCevdnen.

Sefenebis sasamarTlo _ germaniasa da skandinaviaSi sasamarTlos forma, rodesac profesionali mosamarTle da mosaxleobis warmomadgenlebi erTian kolegias qmnidnen.

63

C

CinSi germaniaSi glexebze dakisrebu-li saijaro fuladi gadasaxadi.

c

cenzitariusi _ wodebriv-warmomadgen-lobiTi periodis safrangeTSi piradad Tavisufali masa, romelic sakuTari se-nioris sasargeblod ixdidad fulis rentas (cenzs), romlis moculobac mud-mivad icvleboda.

j

jentri (frang. Genterie) _ Sua saukunee-bis inglisSi `axali aznauroba~, mi-waTmflobelebi, romlebic axal, kapita-listur meurneobasTan iyvnen dakavSire-bulni.

h

hoftagi _ Sua saukuneebis germaniaSi imperatorTan arsebuli samefo sabWo, romelic mniSvelovan saxelmwifo saqmeebs ganixilavda.

herioti _ 1. normandiulmde inglis-Si vasalis qonebis nawili, rogorc wesi,

64

misi SeiaraReba, romelic memkvidreobis wesiT seniorze gadadioda; 2. Sua sauku-neebis periodis inglisSi miwis gadasax-adikopigoldis memkvidreobiT miRebisas.

65

Tanamedrove epoqa

a

abolicionizmi (ing. Abolitionism gauqme-ba, uaryofa) _ aSS-Si monobis gasauq-meblad warmoebuli moZraoba, romelic

organizaciulad XIX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi gaformda; abolicionizmi aseve gvxvdeba didi britaneTis, safrangeTisa da sxva qveynebis koloniebSic.

administraciuli iusticia _ 1.saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sferoSi kano-nierebis dacvaze zedamxedvelobis sagan-gebo organoTa sistema; 2. erTi mxriv, moqalaqes an organizaciasa da meore mxriv, saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organos Soris administraciul-samarTlebrivi davebis gadawyvetis sagangebo procesua-luri wesi.

avtoritarizmi (laT. Auctoritatis _ xe-

lisufleba, Zalaufleba, franguli autori-ratisme) _ 1. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis antidemokratiuli sistema, romelic, rogorc wesi, pirovnul an klasobriv diqtaturas emyareba; 2. politikuri re-Jimi, romelic xasiaTdeba erTi uwyebis

66

an erTi piris xelSi moqceuli centra-lizebuli saxelmwifo xelisuflebiT, rasac uapelacio mmarTvelobis meTodi da upirobo daqvemdebarebuloba axasia-Tebs.

aneqsia (laT. Annexio _ mierTeba) _ saxelmwifosTan romelime teritoriis mierTeba, rasac, Cveulebriv, win uZRvis mierTebuli teritoriis dapyroba an okupacia.

`asi dRe~ _ safrangeTSi napoleon I-ismmarTvelobis periodi (1815 wlis 20 marti _ 22 ivnisi), romelic misi kun-Zul elbaze gaqcevis Semdeg damyarda da vaterlooze (1815 wlis 18 ivniss) fran-guli armiiis damarcxebiTa da (1815 wlis 22 ivniss) napoleonis gadadgomiT dasrulda.

audiencia (laT. Audientia - mosmena) _ vice-mefesTan an general-kapitanTan Seqm-nili sagangebo sasamarTlo-administraciuli organo, romelmac di-di roli iTamaSa laTinuri amerikis qveynebis kolonizaciur mmarTvelobaSi.

67

aqti (laT. Acta) _ saxelmwifo organos mier gamocemuli sabuTi, romelic saer-To-normatiul an individualurad gan-sazRvrul miTiTebebs Seicavs.

b

bili (ing. Bill) _ 1. sasamarTloSi sa-sarCelo saCivari; mogvianebiT, peticia, romelic parlamentSi Sedioda; 2. kanon-proeqti, aseve zogierTi sakonstitucio aqtis saxelmwodeba (magaliTad, bili uflebaTa Sesaxeb).

bili uflebaTa Sesaxeb _ konsti-tuciuri deklaracia, romliTac gani-sazRvra moqalaqeTa ZiriTadi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi da maTi dacva saxelm-wifos mxridan Carevisagan uzrunvelyo-fili iqna (inglisi 1686 w., aSS 1791).

bonapartizmi _ 1. napoleon bona-partes dros safrangeTSi arsebuli ara-myari socialuri uTanasworobis peri-odis politikuri reJimi; 2. avtorita-ruli mmarTvelobis erT-erTi forma, romelic samxedro-policiuri teroriTa da biurokratizmiT xasiaTdeba, samxedro Zalas emyareba da burJuaziasa da ubra-lo xalxs Soris lavirebs.

68

d

digeri (ing. Digger mTxreli) _ memarc-xene politikuri Zala, romelic kerZo sakuTrebis gauqmeba da miwebis glexebi-saTvis gadacemas moiTxovda.

direqtoria (laT. Directorium - mimar-Tuleba, mmarTveloba) _ safrangeTSi aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis umaRlesi organo, romelic 1795 wlis 4 noembers Seiqmna da 1799 wlis 10 noembramde arse-bobda; es organo xuTi direqtoriisagan Sedgeboda, xuTasTa sabWosa da uxucesTa sabWos mier irCeoda.

domicili, domiciliumi (laT. Domi-

cilium - adgilsamyofeli, sacxovrebeli) _ 1. piris sacxovreblis an organiza-ciis adgilsamyofelis iuridiuli mniSv-neloba; 2. Tanamedrove saojaxo samar-TalSi colis ufleba damoukidebelssacxovrebelze.

dofini (frang. Dauphin) _ safrangeTSi taxtis memkvidri wodeba.

69

i

iakobinelebi (frang. Jacobins) _ sa-frangeTSi XVIII saukunis radikaluri politikur-revoluciuri moZraobis we-vrebi, romlebic muSaTa da glexTa inte-resebs icavdnen. maTi Sekrebebi imarTe-boda parizis wm. iakobis taZarSi, ris gamoc maT iakobinelebi ewodaT.

independentebi (ing. Independent _ da-moukidebeli) _ XVII saukunis inglisisrevoluciis politikuri moZraobis we-vrebi, romelTac konstituciuri monar-qiis aRdgenasa da administraciuli apa-ratisagan damoukidebeli adgilobrivi religiuri sazogadeobebis Seqmnas iT-xovdnen. (ix. leverelebi)

k

kongresi (laT. Congessio _ Sexvedra, urTierToba) _ 1. mmarTveli pirebis Sexvedra saerTo saqmis gansaxilvelad; 2.aSS-Si sakanonmdeblo organo; 3. safran-geTSi deputatebis palatisa da senatis gaerTianebuli Sekreba.

70

l

leverelebi (laT. Levis - gluvi, swori,

ing. levellers ) _ XVII saukunis inglisisrevoluciis politikuri moZraobis we-vrebi, romlebic independentebis Semad-genlobas gamoeyvnen da saxalxo suvere-nitets, sayovelTao Tanasworobas, erT-palatiani parlametis SemoRebasa da res-publikis gamocxadebas iTxovda. (ix. in-denpendentebi).

o

ormagi votumi _ inglisSi amomrCev-lis ufleba arCevnebSi orjer misces xma _ sacxovreblisa da uZravi qonebis ad-gilsamyofelis mixedviT; 1949 wels aR-niSnuli wesi gauqmda.

p

probacia _ inglisSi pirobiTi gaTa-visufleba, romelic rogorc sasjelis forma ise gavrcelda da gansasjelis socialuri adaptaciis efeqturi saSua-leba gaxda; probacia spacialuri socia-luri samsaxuris zedamxedvelebis gansa-kuTrebuli meTvalyureobiT xorcielde-boda.

71

puritanizmi (laT. Purus - sufTa) _ inglisSi religiur-politikuri moZrao-ba, romlis mizani iyo kaTolicizmisagan anglikanuri eklesiis `gawmenda~.

J

Jirondistebi (frang. Girondists) _ XVIII saukunis safrangeTSi revoluciur-politikuri dajgufeba, romelic sava-Wro-samewarmeo da samiwaTmoqmedo bur-Juaziis interesebs icavda. (am dajgufe-bam saxelwodeba Jirondis departamentismixedviT miiRo).

r

roialisti (frang. Royallist) _ monar-qiis, samefo xelisuflebis momxre.

s

samoqalaqo sia _ konstituciuri monarqiis dros parlamentis aqti, ro-melic gansazRvravs monarqisa da samefo karis Senaxvis fulad xarjebs.

`samoqalaqo sikvdili~ _ sisxlis samarTlis RonisZieba, romlis mixedvi-Tac gansasjeli mTel qonebaze kargavda

72

uflebas, `TiTqos bunebrivi formiT gardacvliliyo~.

u

unia (laT. Unio - gaerTianeba) _ monar-qiuli saxelmwifoebis erTi suverenis xelSi gaerTianeba. ganasxvaveben pirad unias _ roca ori an meti saxelmwifos saTaveSi erTi suvereni imyofeba da rea-lur unias _ roca ramdenime saxelmwi-fo xelSekrulebis safuZvelze erTiande-ba.

S

`Savi kodeqsebi~ (ing. Black Codes) _ 1865-1866 wlebSi amerikis CrdiloeTis StatebSi monobis gauqmebis sanacvlod gamocemuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebi, rom-lebic rasobriv diskriminacias akano-nebdnen.

h

habeas korpus aqti _ inglisSi 1679 wels miRebuli kanoni qveSevrdomTa Tavisuflebebis ukeT uzrunvelyofisa da okeanis miRma gadasaxlebis gafrTxilebis Sesaxeb, romelic miznad isaxavda gaemar-

73

tivebina sasamarTlo brZanebis miReba dakavebulis sasamarTloSi winaswar miy-vanis procedura da misi dacvis qveS yofna.

74

islamuri samyaro

a

aia (arab. aa) saswauli, niSani, yura-nis leqsi.

i

imami (arab. imam) _ 1. calkeul qveynebSi musulmanTa sulieri lideri, romelsac zogjer saero xelisufelbac gaaCnia; 2.meCeTSi religiuri ritualis xelmZRva-neli; 3. sunizmis oTxTagan TiToeuli religiuri-iuridiuli ganmartebis fu-Zemdebeli; 4. Siitebis lideri.

ijma (arab. al-ijma) _ islamuri sa-marTlis erT-erTi wyaro, muslim samar-TalmcodneTa erToblivi mosazreba re-ligiur an samarTlebriv sakiTxze. mus-lim swavlulTa erTsulovani azri

k

kanuni (arab.) _ islamuri samarTlis erT-erTi wyaro, saero xelisuflebis mier gamocemul normatiuli aqti.

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kiasi (arab. al-kias) _ islamur samar-Talis erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaro, analo-giiT msjeloba.

m

maliqitebi _ erT-erTi sunituri sa-marTlebrivi skolis (mazhabis) warmomad-genlebi.

s

suna (arab: as-suna gza, mimarTleba; ada-Ti, Cveuleba) _ islamuri samarTlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaro; gadmocemebi muhamedis Sesaxeb, romelic Seicavs winas-warmetyvelis gamonaTqvamebs, moqmedebebs da a.S.

sunizmi _ islamis orTodoqsalurimimdinareoba.

f

faTva (arab. faTva, sp. feTva _ ganmar-teba) _ muslimi samarTalmcodnis (muf-Tis) gadawyvetileba, daskvna calkeul religiur an samarTlebriv sakiTxze.

fikhi _ (arab. al-fikh, samarTalm-codneoba) islamuri samarTlebrivi doqtrina.

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S

SariaTi (arab: aS-Saria _ marTali, naTeli gza) _ islamis religiuri kano-ni. yuransa da sunaSi gadmocemuli re-ligiur-samarTlebrivi normebis princi-pebis erToblioba.

Safiitebi (arab. aS-Sahia) _ erT-erTi sunituri samarTlebrivi skolis warmo-madgenlebi.

y

yurani (arab. al-kuran) _ islamuri samarTlis erT-erTi wyaro, musulmanTa `wminda wigni~, romelSic mocemulia gad-mocemebi muhamedis Sesaxeb.

x

xaraja (arab.) _ aramuslimebisaTvis dawesebuli saadgilmamulo gadasaxadi.

j

jizia (arab. jizia) _ aramuslimebi-saTvis dawesebuli suladobrivi gadasax-adi.

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h

hanafitebi (arab. al-hanafia) _ abuhanifas mier daarsebuli samarTlebrivi skolis warmomadgenlebi.

hanbalitebi (arab. al-hanibala) _ ahmed ben hanbalis mier daarsebuli su-nituri skolis samarTlebrivi skolis warmomadgenlebi.

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gamoyenebuli literatura

1. romis samarTlis wyaroebi, gaiusis instituticiebi, (laTinuridan Targmna, winasityvaoba, SeniSvnebi, saZieblebi da leqsikoni daurTo prof. n. surgulaZem), Tbilisi, 2011.2. romis samarTlis wyaroebi, iusti-nianes instituticiebi, (laTinuridan Targmna, winasityvaoba, SeniSvnebi, sa-Zieblebi da leqsikoni daurTo prof. n. surgulaZem), Tbilisi, 2002.3. berZnuli da romauli sakuTari sax-elebis orTografiuli leqsikoni, k. gi-gineiSvili, Tbilisi, 1985.4. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, b.TezeliSvili, Tbilisi, 2007.5. strategosebi da keisrebi, (Zveli sa-berZneTisa da romis saxelovan moRvaweTa cxovrebis aRwerilobani antikur wyaro-Ta gaTvaliswinebiT Seadgina nana toniam), Tbilisi 2007.

6. Sua saukuneebis samarTali, tomi II, ganviTarebuli feodalizmis xana, Seadgi-na da komentarebi daurTo prof. i. do-liZem, Tbilisi, 1962.7. gariSvili m., xoferia m., romis sa-marTali, Tbilisi, 2011.

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8. doliZe i., Zveli aRmosavleTis samar-Tali, Tbilisi, 1960.9. ioseliani l., gortinis kanonebi, Sesa-vali, teqsti, Targmani komentarebiTa da leqsikoniT, Tbilisi, 1966.

10.surgulaZe n., islamuri samarTali, t.

I, leqciebis kursi, Tbilisi, 2005.

11.surgulaZe n., islamuri samarTali, t.

II, leqciebis kursi, Tbilisi, 2005.

12.surgulaZe n., islamuri samarTali, t.

III, leqciebis kursi, Tbilisi, 2005.

13. Le nouveau Petit Robert de la langue franaise, Par-is, 2009.14. Le Petit Larousse, Paris, 2001.

15. Oxford Advances Learners Dictionary, 2010.16. ., , , , , , 1989.17. - , .. , .. , , 1949.18. . . .1. . . . . . . . . 3- -. , 2005.19. . . .2. . . . .

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. . . . 3- -. , 2005.20. , , .. ., , , 1953

mariam xoferia, 2012 saqarTvelos axalgazrda mecnierTa sazogadoeba, 2012