Maria Takousi 2014-15 Based on Sandra O’Brien lecture notes.
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Transcript of Maria Takousi 2014-15 Based on Sandra O’Brien lecture notes.
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IST/University of Limerick
Practical Psychology 1
Maria Takousi2014-15
Based on Sandra O’Brien lecture notes
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Introduce you to a range of research methods employed in psychology
Develop your ability to work with quantitative data
Introduce you to new and important IT skills such as how to use SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
Start design and conduct a research analyze, interpret and present results
Practical Psychology aims to
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Most weeks, there will be a lecture and a lab
In the lecture, the theoretical background of various issues will be covered
In the lab, practical activities will take place
However, there are few weeks with no lecture, so have in mind the timetable
How this will be done?
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Week Lecture? (Monday)
Lab(Wednesday)
1 Yes Overview of Practical Psychology I Basics of Research (Variables, frequencies and measurements)
2 Yes Measures of central tendency
3 Yes Measures of dispersion Data entry for Report 1
4 No Tables, graphs and figures
5 Yes Relative frequency Data analysis for Report 1 and introduction to probability
6 Yes Research design
7 No Report writing Data collection for Report 2
8 Yes Distributions
9 Yes Hypothesis testing, Type I and II errors Data analysis for Report 2
10 Yes Significance and probability
11 No Survey design
12 No Review
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Attendance
Attendance at labs is mandatory
Failure to attend labs results in penalties and possible failure
5% penalty for the first non-attendance An additional 5% penalty for the second non-
attendance Failure for the third non-attendance
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These will be 2 labs reports, one each due in Week 8 (17/12/14) & Week 12 (28/1/14)
The first is worth 25%, the second is worth 75%
There will be also two homework assignments (no grade, but must be completed in order to get feedback)
You will be required to submit two pieces of coursework : a hard copy and an electronic copy
Both of them have to be submitted by the deadline
Hard copy into the Registrar office (17:00 the latest)
Soft (electronic) copy uploaded to Sulis
Assessment
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If either one of these are not submitted on time it is considered a late submission
Penalties for late submission are 5% per day up to 5 days
Any submission after 5 days is a fail
If you fail you will have to repeat in Summer
Assignments Penalties
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You must get a grade of C3 or higher (i.e. ≥45%) in order to pass PS4041
Grades of D1 and D2 cannot be used as compensatory fail grades for this module
The next grade below C3 is F
Grading
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Percentage Grade-Literal Grade≥ 80%-A1≥ 75%-A2≥ 70%-B1≥ 65%-B2≥ 60%-B3≥ 55%-C1≥ 50%-C2≥ 45%-C3
F
Grading
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The possible grades
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If you have missed labs or submitted coursework late due to mitigating circumstances it is ESSENTIAL that you complete a M form with supporting documentation
Mitigating Circumstances
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In psychology we are interested in studying individuals’ attributes (characteristics)
For instance, Female18 yrs oldGreekBlond hair1.70 height 50 kilos (weight)
Let’s start…
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A set of logical attributes consists a variable
For instance, Male/ female = attributes Gender = variable
Greek/Irish/English/French = attributes Nationality= variable
18yr, 25yr,33yr= attributesAge=variable
Variables
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Are males more extraverted than females?Variables: gender and personality trait Is age related to healthy lifestyle? Variables: age and healthy lifestyle (nutrition,
physical activity, smoking)
Different types of variables (categorical, ordinal, interval, ratio)
Variables in Psychology
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Categorical or nominal (a variable that has two or more categories)
e.g. gender, age group, nationality, religion, field of study, e.t.c
There is no ordering
Categorical variables
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Similar to categorical, but with clear ordering
ordered categories e.g. self-ratings of satisfaction on a scale of 1-4(1=very, 2=moderate, 3=little, 4=not at all)
Educational level (4th, 5th, 6th)
The intervals are not equal
Ordinal variables
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Numeric , similar to ordinal Same intervals between cut points Have not true zero e.g.
temperature (0 does not mean no temperature)
Interval variables
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Numeric, similar to intervals Same intervals between cut points Have true zero e.g.
number of children (0 children means no children in the family)
Ratio variables
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Independent variables (IV) Dependent variables (DV)
The IV is controlled or manipulated by the researcher (cause)
The DV is the variable observed (effect)
The effect of Mozart music on the short–term memory
Variable are also divided to …
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The effect of smoking on food consumption
The effect of stress in blood pressure
Are males more extraverted than females?
Differences in healthy lifestyle depends on life stage ?
First year students will report higher anxiety in the Anxiety Scale
Examples IVs & DVs
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An independent variable may have a number of levels (values)
e.g. Gender (2 levels –male/female)Place of residence (3 levels-urban/ suburban /rural
areas)
A dependent variable may or may not be divided into levels
Levels of variables
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...is the definition of variable in exact terms and these terms are the steps taken in the measurement of the variable.
e.g.
Are males more extraverted than females?
What the variables are (identify & define)
How the variables are measured in your study (e.g. extraversion ? personality, questionnaires)
All variables need an Operational definition...
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A population includes all individuals of interest
All Psychology students
All Greek people
It might be difficult, or impossible to test the whole population
A sample is a subset of a population
Samples should be representative of the population
Population vs sample
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Descriptive & Inferential stats
Descriptive stats – illustrate your data
Inferential stats – test your hypotheses
Statistics