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Q1.Diagram 1 shows four of the seven types of wave in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Diagram 1

J K L Visible light

Infrared Microwav

es Radio waves

(a) The four types of electromagnetic wave named in Diagram 1 above are used for communication.

(i) Which type of electromagnetic wave is used when a traffic signal communicates with a car driver?

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Which type of electromagnetic wave is used to communicate with a satellite in space?

............................................................................................................... (1)

(b) Gamma rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Which letter, J, K or L, shows the position of gamma rays in the electromagnetic spectrum?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

J K L

(1)


(c) Diagram 2 shows an infrared wave.

Diagram 2

(i) Which one of the arrows, labelled A, B or C, shows the wavelength of the wave?

Write the correct answer, A, B or C, in the box.

(1)

(ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

shorter than

The wavelength of infrared waves is

the same as the wavelength of radio waves.

longer than

(1)

(d) Mobile phone networks send signals using microwaves. Some people think the energy a person’s head absorbs when using a mobile phone may be harmful to

health.

(i) Scientists have compared the health of people who use mobile phones with the health of people who do not use mobile phones.


Which one of the following statements gives a reason why scientists have done this?

Tick ( ) one box.

To find out if using a mobile phone is harmful to health.

To find out if mobile phones give out radiation.

To find out why some people are healthy.

(1)

(ii) The table gives the specific absorption rate (SAR) value for two different mobile phones.

The SAR value is a measure of the maximum energy a person’s head absorbs when a mobile phone is used.

Mobile Phone SAR value in W/kg

X 0.28

Y 1.35

A parent buys mobile phone X for her daughter.

Using the information in the table, suggest why buying mobile phone X was the best choice.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 8 marks)


Q2.(a) A car driver makes an emergency stop.

The chart shows the ‘thinking distance’ and the ‘braking distance’ needed to stop the car.

Calculate the total stopping distance of the car.

.......................................................................................................................

Stopping distance = .................................................. m (1)

(b) The graph shows how the braking distance of a car driven on a dry road changes with the car’s speed.

Speed in m/s

The braking distance of the car on an icy road is longer than the braking distance of the car on a dry road.

(i) Draw a new line on the graph to show how the braking distance of the car on an icy road changes with speed.

(2)


(ii) Which one of the following would also increase the braking distance of the car?

Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your answer.

Rain on the road

The driver having drunk alcohol

The driver having taken drugs

(1)(c) The thinking distance depends on the driver’s reaction time.

The table shows the reaction times of three people driving under different conditions.

Car driver Condition Reaction time

in second

A Wide awake with no distractions 0.7

B Using a hands-free mobile phone 0.9

C Very tired and listening to music 1.2

The graph lines show how the thinking distance for the three drivers, A, B, and C, depends on how fast they are driving the car.

Speed in m/s

(i) Match each graph line to the correct driver by writing A, B, or C in the box next to the correct line.

(2)


(ii) The information in the table cannot be used to tell if driver C’s reaction time is increased by being tired or by listening to music. Explain why.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 8 marks)

Q3.This question is about magnetism.

(a) Which two materials are magnetic?

Tick two boxes.

Carbon

Cobalt

Copper

Nickel

Sodium

(2)

(b) Describe how you could find the magnetic field pattern of a permanent bar magnet.

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........................................................................................................................ (3)

(c) A student investigates how the number of turns of wire on a solenoid affects the strength of the solenoid.

To test the strength of the solenoid she looks at how many paper clips the solenoid could lift.

Figure 1 shows how she sets up the equipment.

She keeps the current through the coil constant throughout the experiment.

Figure 1

The table below shows the student’s results.

Number of turns of wire on solenoid

Number of paper clips picked up by solenoid

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Mean

0 0 0 0 0

10 4 3 4 4

20 8 8 9 8

30 11 11 13 12

40 15 13 16 15

50 21 24 19 21

60 25 24 26 25

Use the data from the table above to complete the graph in Figure 2.

• The first two points have been plotted for you. • Draw a line of best fit.


Figure 2

(3)

(d) Describe the pattern shown in the graph.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(e) Use your graph to predict how many paper clips the solenoid will pick up when 80 turns of wire are used.

Number of paper clips picked up = ................................. (1)

(Total 11 marks)

Q4.The figure below shows an X-ray image of a human skull.


Stockdevil/iStock/Thinkstock

(a) Use the correct answers from the box to complete the sentence.

absorbs ionises reflects transmits

When X-rays enter the human body, soft tissue .................................................... X-rays

and bone .................................................... X-rays. (2)

(b) Complete the following sentence.

The X-rays affect photographic film in the same way that ...................................... does.

(1)

(c) The table below shows the total dose of X-rays received by the human body when different parts are X-rayed.

Part of body X-rayed

Dose of X-rays received by human body in arbitrary

units

Head 3

Chest 4

Pelvis 60

Calculate the number of head X-rays that are equal in dose to one pelvis X-ray.


........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Number of head X-rays = .................................................. (2)

(d) Which one of the following is another use of X-rays?

Tick (✓) one box.

Cleaning stained teeth

Killing cancer cells

Scanning of unborn babies

(1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q5.The area around a magnet is called the magnetic field.

(a) The Earth has a magnetic field.

What causes the Earth’s magnetic field?

Tick one box.

The movement of liquid iron in the Earth’s outer core

The gravitational field of the Earth

The permanent magnet in the Earth’s core

(1)


(b) Look at Figure 1.

Figure 1

Opposite poles brought together

Same poles brought together

What will happen in each case when the poles of two magnets are brought close together?

Opposite poles brought together .................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Same poles brought together ......................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(c) Figure 2 shows an electromagnet being used to lift a car in a scrapyard.

Figure 2

An electromagnet is a solenoid.

Explain why it is better to use an electromagnet rather than a permanent magnet in a scrapyard.


You should include a comparison of the properties of electromagnets and permanent magnets in your answer.

........................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................ (4)

(Total 7 marks)

Q6. (a) The pictures show four objects. Each object has had its shape changed.

Which of the objects are storing elastic potential energy?

.............................................................................................................................

Explain the reason for your choice or choices.

.............................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................. (3)

(b) A student makes a simple spring balance. To make a scale, the student uses a range of weights. Each weight is put onto the spring and the position of the pointer marked

The graph below shows how increasing the weight made the pointer move further.

(i) Which one of the following is the unit of weight?.


Draw a ring around your answer.

joule kilogram newton watt (1)

(ii) What range of weights did the student use?

................................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) How far does the pointer move when 4 units of weight are on the spring?

................................................................................................................... (1)

(iv) The student ties a stone to the spring. The spring stretches 10 cm.

What is the weight of the stone?

................................................................................................................... (1)

(Total 7 marks)

Q7. (a) The diagram below shows six of the seven types of wave that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.

Gamma rays

Ultraviolet Visible light

Infrared Microwaves Radio waves

(i) What type of electromagnetic wave is missing from the diagram?

................................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the most energy?


gamma rays radio waves visible light

(1)

(iii) Which of the following electromagnetic waves is given out by a TV remote


control?


infrared microwaves ultraviolet

(1)

(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence.

a slower speed than

Microwaves travel through a vacuum at the same speed as radio waves.

a faster speed than

(1)

(c) The diagram shows waves being produced on a rope. The waves are not reflected by the wall.

(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction in which the waves transfer energy.

(1)

(ii) Which one of the arrows, labelled, X, Y or Z, shows the amplitude of a wave?

Write the correct answer in the box.

(1)


(iii) The waves produced on the rope are transverse.

Name one other type of transverse wave.

................................................................................................................... (1)

(d) The rope is shaken up and down, producing 3 waves every second.The waves have a wavelength of 1.2 metres.

(i) State the frequency of the waves.

.............................. Hz (1)

(ii) Calculate the speed of the waves.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

Wave speed = .................................................. m/s (2)

(Total 10 marks)

Q8.On 14 October 2012, a skydiver set a world record for the highest free fall from an aircraft.

After falling from the aircraft, he reached a maximum steady velocity of 373 m / s after 632 seconds.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

This maximum steady velocity is called the

frictional

initial

terminal

velocity.

(1)

(b) The skydiver wore a chest pack containing monitoring and tracking equipment. The weight of the chest pack was 54 N.

The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.

Calculate the mass of the chest pack.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................


Mass of chest pack = ........................................ kg (2)

(c) During his fall, the skydiver’s acceleration was not uniform.

Immediately after leaving the aircraft, the skydiver’s acceleration was 10 m / s2.

(i) Without any calculation, estimate his acceleration a few seconds after leaving the aircraft.

Explain your value of acceleration in terms of forces.

Estimate ................................................................................................

Explanation ............................................................................................

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................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ (3)

(ii) Without any calculation, estimate his acceleration 632 seconds after leaving the aircraft.

Explain your value of acceleration in terms of forces.

Estimate ................................................................................................

Explanation ............................................................................................

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................................................................................................................ (3)

(Total 9 marks)


Q9. A cyclist goes on a long ride. The graph shows how the distance travelled changes with time during the ride.

(i) Between which two points on the graph was the cyclist moving at the fastest speed?

............................................................................................................................. (1)

(ii) State one way cyclists can reduce the air resistance acting on them.

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. (1)

(iii) How long did the cyclist stop and rest?

............................................................................................................................. (1)

(iv) Write down the equation which links distance, speed and time.

............................................................................................................................. (1)

(v) Calculate, in km/hr, the average speed of the cyclist while moving.

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Average speed = .............................. km/hr (3)

(Total 7 marks)

Q10.A car has an oil leak. Every 5 seconds an oil drop falls from the bottom of the car onto the road.

(a) What force causes the oil drop to fall towards the road?

........................................................................................................................ (1)

(b) The diagram shows the spacing of the oil drops left on the road during part of a journey

Describe the motion of the car as it moves from A to B.

........................................................................................................................

Explain the reason for your answer.

........................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (3)

(c) When the brakes are applied, a braking force slows down and stops the car.

(i) The size of the braking force affects the braking distance of the car.

State one other factor that affects the braking distance of the car.

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) A braking force of 3 kN is used to slow down and stop the car in a distance of 25 m.

Calculate the work done by the brakes to stop the car and give the unit.

...............................................................................................................


...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Work done =.................................................. (3)

(Total 8 marks)

Q11. (a) Sound and light are different types of waves.

Give two similarities and two differences between sound waves and light waves.

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........................................................................................................................ (4)

(b) A student does an experiment to investigate the speed of sound in different liquids.

The student uses the apparatus shown.

A loudspeaker makes a sound wave. The sound wave travels through the liquid in the tank. The time it takes to travel this distance is used to calculate the speed of sound.


The bar chart shows the student’s results.

(i) When a sound wave with a frequency of 4800 hertz passes through one of the liquids, it has a wavelength of 0.25 m.

Calculate the speed of the wave and identify the liquid used.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

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Speed = ........................................ m/s

The liquid used was ............................................... (3)

(ii) The student’s hypothesis was: ‘There is a link between the density of a liquid and the speed of sound in the same liquid.’


Liquid Density in g/cm3 Speed of sound in m/s

Ethoxyethane 0.71 985

Ethanol 0.80 1150

Kerosene 0.82 1300

Water 1.00 1500

Mercury 13.50 1450

Use the information in the table to decide whether the student’s hypothesis was completely correct or not.

Was the student’s hypothesis completely correct?

Draw a ring around your answer. Yes / No

Give reasons for your answer.

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........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (2)

(Total 9 marks)

Q12.A note was played on an electric keyboard.

The frequency of the note was 440 Hz.

(a) (i) What does a frequency of 440 Hz mean?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) The sound waves produced by the keyboard travel at a speed of 340 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the note.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Wavelength = ........................................ metres (3)


(b) Figure 1 shows a microphone connected to a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) being used to detect the note produced by the keyboard.

Figure 1

Figure 2 shows the trace produced by the sound wave on the CRO.

Figure 2

A second note, of different wavelength, was played on the keyboard.

Figure 3 shows the trace produced by the sound wave of the second note on the CRO.

Figure 3

The settings on the CRO were unchanged.

What two conclusions should be made about the second sound wave produced by the keyboard compared with the first sound wave?

Give a reason for each conclusion.

Conclusion 1 ..................................................................................................


........................................................................................................................

Reason ..........................................................................................................

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Conclusion 2 ..................................................................................................

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Reason ..........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ (4)

(Total 8 marks)


M1.(a) (i) (visible) light

accept visible 1

(ii) microwaves 1

(b) J 1

(c) (i) B 1

(ii) shorter than 1

(d) (i) To find out if using a mobile phone is harmful to health 1

(ii) any two from:

• (X has a) low(er) SAR value

“it” refers to mobile phone

accept has a low(er) rate

• (maximum) energy absorbed (by the head) is less

accept energy emitted (by phone) is less accept radiation for energy

• (if mobiles are harmful) less likely to cause harm

accept will not cause harm accept it is safer

2

[8]


M2.(a) 96 (m) 1

(b) (i) similar shape curve drawn above existing line going through (0,0)

allow 1 mark for any upward smooth curve or straight upward line above existing line going through (0,0)

2

(ii) Rain on the road 1

(c) (i) all three lines correctly labelled

allow 1 mark for one correctly labelled

top line – C

accept 1.2

middle line – B

accept 0.9

bottom line – A

accept 0.7 2

(ii) any two from:

• (table has) both variables are together

accept tired and music as named variables

• both (variables) could / would affect the reaction time

accept cannot tell which variable is affecting the drive (the most)

• cannot tell original contribution

• need to measure one (variable) on its own

accept need to test each separately

• need to control one of the variables

fair test is insufficient 2

[8]


M3.(a) Cobalt 1

Nickel 1

(b) Either

• put iron filings 1

• on a piece of paper 1

• over the magnet 1

or

• use (plotting) compass(es) (1) • around the magnet (1) • with the needle showing the direction (1)

(c) all points plotted correctly

2 points plotted correctly for 1 mark 2

correctly drawn line of best fit

allow ecf from incorrectly drawn points 1

(d) as the number of turns increases so does the amount of paper clips picked up 1

linear / directly proportional

allow doubling the number of turns doubles the number of paper clips picked up

1


(e) 32

allow number correctly extrapolated from student’s graph 1

[11]

M4.(a) transmits

correct order 1

absorbs 1

(b) light

allow ultra violet or UV or infrared or IR or gamma 1

(c) 20

allow 1 mark for correct working, ie provided no subsequent step

2

(d) Killing cancer cells 1

[6]

M5.(a) The movement of liquid iron in the Earth’s outer core 1

(b) will attract 1

will repel 1

(c) Level 2 (3–4 marks): A detailed explanation is provided that includes a coherent comparison of the properties of the types of magnet and presents a clear argument to support the use of electromagnets. Logical links are made between relevant points and use in a scrapyard


Level 1 (1–2 marks): Relevant points made about the properties of the magnets. An attempt at comparison may be made, but logic is unclear and unstructured and links to use in scrapyard may not be present

0 marks: No relevant content.

Allow steel or iron for car body throughout

Indicative content • an electromagnet can be switched on and off • so it can be used to lift a car body • and release a car body • so it can easily be used to move car bodies from one place to another in

the scrapyard • a permanent magnet cannot be switched off to release a car body • so would not be as useful in the scrapyard • the strength of the magnetic field of an electromagnet can be varied • so an electromagnet can lift different masses • so can deal with different vehicles • but the strength of the magnetic field of a permanent magnet cannot be

varied or is fixed • so a permanent magnet can only lift up to a certain mass

4

[7]

M6. (a) B or bungee cords 1

C or springs or playground ride

each additional answer loses 1 mark minimum mark zero 1

will go back to original shape/size 1

(b) (i) newton 1

(ii) 0 – 5 (N) or 5

accept1 – 5 (N) do not accept 4

1

(iii) 16 (cm) 1

(iv) 2.5 (N)

accept answer between 2.4 and 2.6 inclusive


1

[7]

M7. (a) (i) X-ray(s) 1

(ii) gamma rays 1

(iii) infrared 1

(b) the same speed as 1

(c) (i) horizontal arrow drawn pointing to the right

judge by eye

accept drawn anywhere on diagram 1

(ii) Y 1

(iii) any one from:

• any type of electromagnetic wave

accept electromagnetic wave(s)

• water (wave)

do not accept seismic waves

• (earthquake / seismic) S waves

do not accept P waves

do not accept earthquakes


1

(d) (i) 3 1

(ii) 3.6

or

their (d)(i) × 1.2 correctly calculated

v = f × λallow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 3 or their (d)(i) × 1.2 provided that no subsequent step is shown

2

[10]

M8.(a) terminal 1

(b) 5.4 (kg)

correct substitution of 54 = m × 10 gains 1 mark 2

(c) (i) 0< a <10 1

some upward force

accept some drag / air resistance 1

reduced resultant force 1

(ii) 0


1

upward force = weight (gravity) 1

resultant force zero 1

[9]

M9. (i) C and D or D and C

accept CD accept DC accept answers in terms of time

1

(ii) any one from:

streamline position streamline clothes

accept crouched position accept tight clothes accept design of cycle accept cycle slower

1

(iii) 0.5 hours or 30 minutes or 1800 seconds

must have unit 1

(iv) speed =

accept any correct rearrangement

accept s = d/t or v s/t

accept velocity for speed

accept


if subsequent use of correct 1

(v) 16

allow for mark for each of time = 3.5 hours distance = 56km allow e.c.f. from part (a)(iii) if correctly used

an answer of 14 gains 2 marks

allow 1 mark for correct attempt to average the three sections 3

[7]

M10.(a) gravitational / gravity / weight

do not accept gravitational potential 1

(b) accelerating

accept speed / velocity increases 1

the distance between the drops increases 1

but the time between the drops is the same

accept the time between drops is (always) 5 seconds accept the drops fall at the same rate

1

(c) (i) any one from:

• speed / velocity

• (condition of) brakes / road surface / tyres


• weather (conditions)

accept specific examples, eg wet / icy roads

accept mass / weight of car friction is insufficient

reference to any factor affecting thinking distance negates this answer

1

(ii) 75 000

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 3000 × 25 provided no subsequent step shown

or allow 1 mark for an answer 75or allow 2 marks for 75 k(+ incorrect unit), eg 75 kN

2

joules / J

do not accept j

an answer 75 kJ gains 3 marks

for full marks the unit and numerical answer must be consistent

1

[8]

M11. (a) any two similarities and any two differences

read whole answer to ensure that there are no contradictory statements which negates that mark

ignore reference to senses in similarities and differences

similarities

• (both can be) reflected

• (both can be) refracted

allow both travel through any correctly named solid / gas / liquid

• (both can be) diffracted

• (both) interfere

• (both) transfer energy

ignore both are types of energy / waves / oscillations

• (both exhibit) Doppler effect

do not accept statements like both are transverse as a similarity


differences

• light can travel through a vacuum or sound cannot travel through a vacuum

allow sound requires a medium / particles to travel through

• (different) speed / velocity

• one is longitudinal and one is transverse

accept light is faster than sound

do not accept sound is transverse and light is longitudinal

allow correct description:

(longitudinal) the oscillations / vibrations are parallel to / same direction as (the direction of energy transfer)

and

(transverse) the oscillations / vibrations are 90° to / perpendicular to (the direction of energy transfer)

• sound is a mechanical wave / caused by vibrations and light is an electromagnetic wave

accept sound waves have a longer wavelength / lower frequency

if no other marks gained allow 1 mark for any correct difference(s) where the waves are not specified

eg one is transverse

eg have different wavelengths / frequencies 4

(b) (i)working must be shown for 3 marks

4800 x 0.25 1

1200(m/s) 1

(liquid) C

ignore water / named liquid 1

(ii) (yes / no)

ignore yes / no, marks are for the explanation

speed increases as density increases


allow positive correlation

allow the more dense the liquid the less time (for sound to travel through)

ignore they both increase

ignore there was no pattern 1

but, mercury should have a (much) greater speed given the higher density

allow mercury does not fit the pattern / is an anomaly 1

[9]

M12.(a) (i) 440 (sound) waves produced in one second

accept vibrations / oscillations for waves 1

(ii) 0.773 (metres)

allow 2 marks for an answer that rounds to 0.773

allow 2 marks for an answer of

allow 2 marks for an answer of 0.772

allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 340 = 440 × λ 3

(b) (sound is) louder

do not accept the converse 1

as amplitude is larger

waves are taller is insufficient 1

higher pitch / frequency 1


as more waves are seen

reference to wavelengths alone is insufficient

waves are closer together is insufficient 1

[8]

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