Maria Alovert “Girl Mark” Biodiesel Homebrew Guide .
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Transcript of Maria Alovert “Girl Mark” Biodiesel Homebrew Guide .
Maria Alovert “Girl Mark”
• Biodiesel Homebrew Guide
• www.localb100.com
What is Biodiesel?
• Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources.
• Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend.
• It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications.
• Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics.
Why Use Biodiesel?
• Biodiesel is better for the environment because it is made from renewable resources and has lower emissions compared to petroleum diesel.
• It is less toxic than table salt and biodegrades as fast as sugar.
• Since it is made in the USA from renewable resources such as soybeans, its use decreases our dependence on foreign oil and contributes to our own economy.
How is Biodiesel Made?
• Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification
• The process seperates glycerin out of the vegetable oil.
• The process leaves behind two products -- 1. methyl esters (biodiesel)
2. glycerin
Biodiesel Feedstocks
• In the United States, most biodiesel is made from soybean oil or recycled cooking oils.
• Animals fats, other vegetable oils, and other recycled oils can also be used to produce biodiesel, depending on their costs and availability.
• In the future, blends of all kinds of fats and oils may be used to produce biodiesel.
Feedstock's Source of biodiesel fuel from plants or animals
Oil Palm • African palm Palm oil and palm kernel oil Extracted from fleshy outside
Coconut • South America and tropical areas Coconut meat is peeled from the husk, dried in the sun, and pressed
Jatropha • Americas A bush that produces a seed Seed is crushed for oil
Rapeseed/ Canola
• Canada, Germany, Russia – colder regions Yellow flowering oil crop
Peanut • South America – warm Sandy soil
Sunflower • North America Squeezed from seeds
Safflower • India, Egypt, and Persia Thistle-like plant Yellow/orange flower
Soybean • East Asia and USA High protein bean
Hemp • Russia, China, and Asia Illegal to grow in USA
Corn • Americas Use the oil and grain for food
Algae • NREL have cultivated algae to produce oil Could provide enough oil to meet all of the diesel fuel needs of the US
Steps to Making Biodiesel Fuel
1. Gather Materials
2. Perform a Titration
3. Process the Biodiesel Fuel
4. Quality Test the Fuel
5. Wash the Fuel
Vegetable Oil Molecule
• Triglyceride• 3 Fatty acids (esters)• 1 Glycerol
Transesterification• Trans-ester-ification• Transformation of one ester into
another type of ester• In the vegetable oil molecule we
will remove the glycerin and replace it with an alcohol from methanol
• Requires a catalyst to start the reaction
• Thus, transforming it
Catalyst
• A substances added to VO to crack the glycerin off the molecule
• This catalyst initiates a chemical reaction
Catalyst
• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) or Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
• A powdery or grainy solid;
• Basic (pH)
• Dangerous, can damage skin, eyes
Titration
• Must titrate is using waste vegetable
• This process determines how much catalyst is needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in used vegetable oil.
How to perform a TitrationProcedure1. Dissolve 1 gram of catalyst into 1 liter of distilled water
2. Dissolve 1 mL of VO into 10 mL of rubbing alcohol and add a pinch of Tumeric spice in a beaker (should be yellow color)
3. Put the catalyst/water solution into the medicine dropper
4. Place the 11 mL beaker of VO/alcohol under the medicine dropper
5. Drop 1 mL of catalyst/water into VO/alcohol very slowly
6. Continue to add drops of catalyst/water solution until the oil/alcohol solutions changes color * Add very slowly and carefully (from yellow to red)
7. Note how many ml of catalyst you added into VO/alcohol
8. Use the following equation: X = the number of mL of catalyst/water solution dropped L = the number of grams of catalyst necessary to neutralize and react one liter of used
vegetable oil
What is X?________________
Add: L = X + 8grams
Titration Formula
Grams of catalyst = X + 8grams
Titration
Materials
1. Isopropyl Alcohol
2. Tumeric Spice
3. KOH (catalyst)
4. Water
5. Waste VO
6. Toothpick
7. Medicine Droppers
8. Measuring cups
9. Balance
Titration Step 1
• Collect Waste Vegetable Oil from a restaurant
• Measure 1 liter of WVO
• Put into a 2 liter pop bottle
Titration Step 2
• Heat 1 liter of WVO before titration
Titration Step 3
• Mixture of KOH + Water
• You will put this in the medicine dropper or burette
Titration
• KOH dropper• Use to draw KOH
solution
Titration Step 4
• Fill a syringe with 4 ml of KOH and water
Titration Step 5
• Make a of warm Oil and rubbing alcohol
• 10 ml alcohol• 1 ml waste VO
Titration Step 6
• Wait until KOH is dissolved in water
• Slowly add drops to oil/alcohol mixture
• Wait for a color change
Titration
• Starting color with tumeric spice is yellow
Titration
• Adding KHO solution to oil/alcohol mixture
• Looking for color change
Titration Step 7
• Keep adding KOH and water until there is a complete change to red
Titration Step 8
• Color has changed from yellow to red
• Tumeric is an indicator
• The red color is indicating the solution is now basic
• STOP
Titration Step 9
• Determine how many ml of KOH/water was dropped into oil
• Convert this number of ml into grams
• Repeat 2 more times
Titration Step 10
• Weighing out KOH• Must measure 8
grams + amount from titration
Titration Notes
• This was a test to look for FFA or free fatty acids
• FFA react with catalyst to make soaop
• We detect soap with an indicator, tumeric spice
• We look for a color change
Indicator
• A pH indicator is a weak acids or bases.
• When introduced into an acidic or basic solution, they may causes the indicator's color to change.
Indicator Low pH color Transition pH range
High pH color
Gentian violet (Methyl violet) yellow 0.0–2.0 blue-violet
Leucomalachite green (first transition) yellow 0.0–2.0 green
Thymol blue (first transition) red 1.2–2.8 yellow
Methyl yellow red 2.9–4.0 yellow
Bromophenol blue yellow 3.0–4.6 purple
Congo red blue-violet 3.0–5.0 red
Methyl orange red 3.1–4.4 yellow
Bromocresol green yellow 3.8–5.4 blue-green
Methyl red red 4.4–6.2 yellow
Azolitmin red 4.5–8.3 blue
Bromocresol purple yellow 5.2–6.8 purple
Bromothymol blue yellow 6.0–7.6 blue
Phenol red yellow 6.8–8.4 red
Neutral red red 6.8–8.0 yellow
Naphtholphthalein colorless to reddish
7.3–8.7 greenish to blue
Cresol Red yellow 7.2–8.8 reddish-purple
Thymol blue (second transition) yellow 8.0–9.6 blue
Phenolphthalein colorless 8.2–10.0 pink
Thymolphthalein colorless 9.3–10.5 blue
Alizarine Yellow R yellow 10.2–12.0 red
Leucomalachite green (second transition) green 11.6–14 colorless