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MARGARET MEAD Nuclear Weap ns - Amazon Web...
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Nuclear Weap ns Who has what UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM ISRAEL INDIA CHINA RUSSIA N. KOREA FRANCE 6,550 215 280 15 6,850 135 80 300 PAKISTAN 145 “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has” MARGARET MEAD 02 MAPWISE The world’s nuclear-armed states possess a combined total of roughly 15,000 nuclear warheads; more than 90 per cent belong to Russia and the United States RUSSIA ➤ Russia has the world’s largest nuclear arse- nal. The Russian Federation has an estimated 6,850 nuclear weapons. ➤ Armenia and Belarus, both of which rely on Russia’s arsenal for “umbrella” protection, stand in violation of TPNW. ➤ Russia is also only one of the three nations to possess a nuclear “triad,” which includes inter- continental ballistic missile delivery. ➤ A nuclear “triad” refers to a nation’s ability to deploy its nuclear arsenal through intercontinen- tal ballistic missiles, sea-launched ballistic mis- siles and strategic bombers, as defined by the Nuclear Threat Initiative, an advisory board that conducts research and provides analysis to encourage diplomacy. CHINA ➤ In 1957, before China had nuclear weapons, its leader Mao Zedong made the following statement: “I’m not afraid of nuclear war. There are 2.7 billion people in the world; it doesn’t matter if some are killed. China has a population of 600 mil- lion; even if half of them are killed, there are still 300 million people left. I’m not afraid of anyone.” ➤ China’s first nuclear weapons test took place in 1964. Beijing main- tains a no-use-first nuclear policy, but some in the international community are sceptical of its intentions. FRANCE ➤ The French Dassaule Rafale fighter jet can deploy a nuclear weapon with a warhead 20 times the size of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. ➤ France, also a NATO member state, can only deliver its nuclear weapons via aircraft and submarines. ➤ The ASMP-A (nuclear air-launched cruise missile) is a 300 kt (kiloton) warhead, about 20 times the size of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, at the end of World War II. ➤ If a warhead of that size were to drop over Washington, D.C., it would result in approximately 280,000 casualties. NORTH KOREA ➤ North Korea possesses a large and increasingly sophisti- cated ballistic missile programme, and conducts fre- quent missile test launches, heightening East Asian ten- sions. In 2017, North Korea successfully tested the Hwasong-14 and Hwasong-15, its first ICBMs (Intercontinental ballistic missile), which some experts believe gives North Korea the capability to deliver a nuclear payload anywhere in the US. ➤ In August, US President Donald Trump threatened North Korea with “fire and fury” should the country not aban- don its threats against the US. The arm-twisting had no effect on North Korea. PAKISTAN ➤ Contrary to India’s no-first-use policy, Pakistan has not ruled out first-attack use of nuclear weapons. In 2014, Pakistan began developing tactical nuclear weapons, which are smaller warheads built for use on battlefields rather than cities or infrastructure. ➤ These weapons are small enough to launch from war- ships or submarines, which makes them easier to use on short notice than traditional nuclear weapons. Pakistan has extremist, Islamist, elements with links to global terror networks. Experts have long feared not enough has been done to secure Islamabad’s nukes against these threats. UNITED STATES ➤ The US is the only country to detonate nuclear weapons against an enemy, as it did in the Hiroshima and Nagasaki attacks against Japan in August 1945. ➤ The US has agreed to potentially use its nuclear weapons to protect NATO member states, Japan, Australia and South Korea. ➤ Because of these agreements, all 29 NATO member states, and the three who hold bilateral protection agreements with the US, are in violation of TPNW (Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons). ➤ The US, which has a nuclear arsenal that’s nearly the size of Russia’s, is the only nation in the western hemisphere that possesses nuclear weapons, and one of three countries to possess the nuclear “triad.” ➤ The US is also the only nation in the world to store nuclear weapons in other countries. ➤ According to the Nuclear Weapons Ban Monitor, the US is believed to have stored some 180 nuclear weapons in other countries. ➤ This number has been “significantly reduced since the Cold War,” according to the report. UNITED KINGDOM ➤ The United Kingdom can only launch its nuclear weapons from its four Vanguard-class submarines. ➤ The UK is a NATO member state, and shares the umbrella protection of the alliance. ➤ The country has at least one nuclear-armed submarine on patrol at all times, under a Continuous at Sea Defense Posture, according to a report. ➤ British policy also states that the country will not threaten the use of nuclear weapons against any “non-nuclear weapons state.” ISRAEL ➤ Israel’s government will neither officially confirm nor deny it has nuclear weapons. But it’s an open secret that the Middle Eastern country has been building nuclear weapons for decades. ➤ In 1986, Mordechai Vanunu, a for- mer Israeli nuclear technician and whistleblower, revealed the exis- tence of Israel’s programme. ➤ Western allies, like the US and UK, have supported Israel’s policy of keeping its programme “secret.” INDIA ➤ A series of five nuclear explosions were con- ducted between May 11 and May 13, 1998, at the end of which the government led by then Prime Minister A B Vajpayee declared India a full- fledged nuclear state. ➤ India has declared a no-use-first policy, meaning that it vowed to never use nuclear weapons in combat unless first attacked by another country with nuclear weapons. ➤ But India may abandon its ‘no first use’ nuclear policy and launch a pre-emptive strike against Pakistan if it fears that Islamabad was like- ly to use the weapons first said Vipin Narang, an expert on South Asian nuclear strategy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ■ Nine countries have nuclear weapons and it is estimated that 35- 40 have the knowl- edge to acquire them. ■ Current nuclear weapons are more powerful than those dropped on Japan. Just 50 weapons could kill 20 crore habitants SOURCE: ARMSCONTROL.ORG 2018 ESTIMATED GLOBAL NUCLEAR WARHEAD INVENTORIES
Transcript of MARGARET MEAD Nuclear Weap ns - Amazon Web...
Nuclear Weap nsWho has what
UNITED STATESUNITED KINGDOM
ISRAEL
INDIA
CHINA
RUSSIA
N. KOREA
FRANCE
6,550215
280
15
6,850
135
80
300
PAKISTAN
145
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens canchange the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has”
MARGARET MEAD02 MAPWISE
The world’s nuclear-armed states possess acombined total of roughly 15,000 nuclearwarheads; more than 90 per cent belong toRussia and the United States
RUSSIA➤ Russia has the world’s largest nuclear arse-
nal. The Russian Federation has an estimated6,850 nuclear weapons.
➤ Armenia and Belarus, both of which rely onRussia’s arsenal for “umbrella” protection, standin violation of TPNW.
➤ Russia is also only one of the three nations topossess a nuclear “triad,” which includes inter-continental ballistic missile delivery.
➤ A nuclear “triad” refers to a nation’s ability todeploy its nuclear arsenal through intercontinen-tal ballistic missiles, sea-launched ballistic mis-
siles and strategic bombers, as defined by theNuclear Threat Initiative, an advisory board thatconducts research and provides analysis toencourage diplomacy.
CHINA➤ In 1957, before China had nuclear
weapons, its leader Mao Zedongmade the following statement: “I’mnot afraid of nuclear war. There are2.7 billion people in the world; itdoesn’t matter if some are killed.China has a population of 600 mil-lion; even if half of them are killed,there are still 300 million peopleleft. I’m not afraid of anyone.”
➤ China’s first nuclear weapons testtook place in 1964. Beijing main-tains a no-use-first nuclear policy,but some in the internationalcommunity are sceptical of itsintentions.
FRANCE➤ The French Dassaule Rafale fighter
jet can deploy a nuclear weapon witha warhead 20 times the size of thebomb dropped on Hiroshima.
➤ France, also a NATO member state,can only deliver its nuclear weaponsvia aircraft and submarines.
➤ The ASMP-A (nuclear air-launchedcruise missile) is a 300 kt (kiloton)warhead, about 20 times the size ofthe bomb dropped on Hiroshima,Japan, at the end of World War II.
➤ If a warhead of that size were todrop over Washington, D.C., it wouldresult in approximately 280,000casualties.
NORTH KOREA➤ North Korea possesses a large and increasingly sophisti-
cated ballistic missile programme, and conducts fre-quent missile test launches, heightening East Asian ten-sions. In 2017, North Korea successfully tested theHwasong-14 and Hwasong-15, its first ICBMs(Intercontinental ballistic missile), which some expertsbelieve gives North Korea the capability to deliver anuclear payload anywhere in the US.
➤ In August, US President Donald Trump threatened NorthKorea with “fire and fury” should the country not aban-don its threats against the US. The arm-twisting had noeffect on North Korea.
PAKISTAN➤ Contrary to India’s no-first-use policy, Pakistan has
not ruled out first-attack use of nuclear weapons.In 2014, Pakistan began developing tacticalnuclear weapons, which are smaller warheads
built for use on battlefields rather than cities orinfrastructure.
➤ These weapons are small enough to launch from war-ships or submarines, which makes them easier to use onshort notice than traditional nuclear weapons. Pakistanhas extremist, Islamist, elements with links to globalterror networks. Experts have long feared not enoughhas been done to secure Islamabad’s nukes againstthese threats.
UNITEDSTATES➤ The US is the only country to detonate nuclear
weapons against an enemy, as it did in the Hiroshimaand Nagasaki attacks against Japan in August 1945.
➤ The US has agreed to potentially use its nuclearweapons to protect NATO member states, Japan,Australia and South Korea.
➤ Because of these agreements, all 29 NATO member states, andthe three who hold bilateral protection agreements with theUS, are in violation of TPNW (Treaty on the Prohibition ofNuclear Weapons).
➤ The US, which has a nuclear arsenal that’s nearly the size ofRussia’s, is the only nation in the western hemisphere thatpossesses nuclear weapons, and one of three countries topossess the nuclear “triad.”
➤ The US is also the only nation in the world to store nuclearweapons in other countries.
➤ According to the Nuclear Weapons Ban Monitor, the US isbelieved to have stored some 180 nuclear weapons in othercountries.
➤ This number has been “significantly reduced since the ColdWar,” according to the report.
UNITED KINGDOM➤ The United Kingdom can only launch its nuclear weapons from its
four Vanguard-class submarines.➤ The UK is a NATO member state, and shares the umbrella protection of the alliance.➤ The country has at least one nuclear-armed submarine on patrol at all times, under a Continuous at Sea Defense Posture,
according to a report.➤ British policy also states that the country will not threaten the use of nuclear weapons against any “non-nuclear weapons state.”
ISRAEL ➤ Israel’s government will neither
officially confirm nor deny it hasnuclear weapons. But it’s an opensecret that the Middle Easterncountry has been building nuclearweapons for decades.
➤ In 1986, Mordechai Vanunu, a for-mer Israeli nuclear technician andwhistleblower, revealed the exis-tence of Israel’s programme.
➤ Western allies, like the US and UK,have supported Israel’s policy ofkeeping its programme “secret.”
INDIA➤ A series of five nuclear
explosions were con-ducted between May 11and May 13, 1998, at theend of which the governmentled by then Prime Minister A BVajpayee declared India a full-fledged nuclear state.
➤ India has declared a no-use-first policy, meaning that it vowed tonever use nuclear weapons in combat unless first attacked by anothercountry with nuclear weapons.
➤ But India may abandon its ‘no first use’ nuclear policy and launch apre-emptive strike against Pakistan if it fears that Islamabad was like-ly to use the weapons first said Vipin Narang, an expert on South Asiannuclear strategy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
■ Nine countrieshave nuclearweapons and it isestimated that 35-40 have the knowl-edge to acquirethem. ■ Current nuclearweapons are morepowerful than thosedropped on Japan.Just 50 weaponscould kill 20 crorehabitants
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2018 ESTIMATED GLOBAL NUCLEAR WARHEAD INVENTORIES
