ENVIRONMENTAL LAW SYSTEM IN INDONESIA TO ADAPT CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW SYSTEM IN INDONESIA TO ADAPT CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

MARET PRIYANTA Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran(UNPAD), Bandung Indonesiae-mail : maret.priyanta@unpad.ac.idTHE 12TH ANNUAL COLLOQUIUM OF THE IUCN ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWRovira i Virgili UniversityTarragona, Spain. 30 June to 5 July 2014

BACKGROUNDSource : http://sujarman81.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/peta-indonesia-bagus-besar.jpgIndonesia is an archipelago state in South East Asia.Volcanic mountain range from South to East (most island).Natural resources (marine, forestry, mining, biodiversity, etc)Impacts of the Climate Change to Indonesia. (human and other life form, business activity, etc)LEGAL BASIS CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDONESIA Indonesia bound by the international convention on the climate change Transform into National Law;Based on Kyoto Protocol (international law) , Indonesia has no obligation to reduce emission;State Responsibility in the constitution (..to protect present and next generation)INDONESIAN POLICY CONCERNING CLIMATE CHANGESpeech President Republic of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono concerning Climate Change in meeting G-20 di Pittsburgh September, 25 2009 :

We (Indonesia) have to move forward based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Both developed and developing nations must do more and do away with business as usual mentality. Developed nations must take the lead, but developing nations must also seriously do their part. My last point is on what Indonesia has done and what we will do because we also want to be part of the solution. Indonesia of course faces problems and challenges in our national development: growth, unemployment, poverty, infrastructure building, education and health care. But we have decided and established a National Climate Change Action Plan with the targets of 2020 and 2050.

We are devising an energy mix policy including LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry) that will reduce our emissions by 26 percent by 2020 from BAU (Business As Usual). With international support, we are confident that we can reduce emissions by as much as 41 percent. This target is entirely achievable because most of our emissions come from forest related issues, such as forest fires and deforestationPercentage of Business As Usual (BAU) and International Support to Reduce EmissionBusiness Activity/ SectorEmission Reduction Plan (Gigaton CO2e)Action Plan26 %15 %(Total 41 %)Peatland/ Lahan Gambut0.280.057Forest and Land Fire ControlWaste0.0480.030Waste Management and Integrated Waste Management in UrbanForestry0.3920.310Forest Fire Control, Combating Illegal Logging, Deforestation Prevention and Community Participation.Agriulture0.0080.003Intro low-emission rice varieties, irrigation water efficiency, use of organic fertilizersIndustry0.0010.004Energy efficiency, use of renewable energyTransportation0.0080.008The use of biofuels, engines with higher fuel efficiency standards, improving TDM, the quality of public transportEnergy0.0300.010Demand side management, energy efficiency, developing renewable energySumber : Indonesia Environmental Status, 2009, Ministry of Environment Republic of IndonesiaTHE ISSUES CONCERNING CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDONESIAHow The Perspective and Policy Of Indonesian Government To Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change Impact from State Responsibility principles? How Implementation of Regulation Concerning Climate Change In Indonesia including the constraints and barriersand how the connection between it to Support Sustainable Development?

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

Source : http://sujarman81.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/peta-indonesia-bagus-besar.jpgLAW IN INDONESIA (Protection of Environment)Indonesia is a state based of law. (Constitution 1945) Law in Indonesia is Regulation (Positive law)Regulation is primary supported by court decisions in developing.Based on Indonesia Constitution, Earth and water and the natural riches contained therein shall be controlled by the state and used for the welfare of the people/ society.State must protect all the people of Indonesia and the entire country of Indonesia and to promote the general welfare. The statement of protecting the entire nation and the country of Indonesia from the perspective of environmental law, that the state has a responsibility towards conservation and environmental protection both of human resources, natural resources and cultural resourcesNORM IN INDONESIA SOCIETYESTABLISHED OF LAW (RULE-REGULATION) IN INDONESIA

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES ON CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES

Source : http://sujarman81.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/peta-indonesia-bagus-besar.jpgOPPORTUNITIES ON CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES IN INDONESIAGovernment policy and some arrangements have existed and continue to be prepared in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation. Legal regulations that have adopted the climate change convention (hard law and soft law)Institutional formation has specialized in relation to climate change Enactment, the National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction as a climate change mitigation Environmental license mechanism systems approach to climate change mitigation National development plans with the approach to climate change adaptationSpatial Planning regulation that support the mitigation and adaptation of climate change (control management of environment)Opportunities for international cooperation with regard to climate change mitigation and adaptationCHALLENGES ON CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES IN INDONESIAEnvironmental law development system based climate change. Policy of Government related Development PlanImplementation of international agreements and treaties on climate change in national law .Harmonization and synchronization of legislation, especially in the field of natural resources that affect climate change.Regional autonomy and authority in the area of climate change issues.Legal education for all communities about the importance of participation in mitigation and adaptation to climate change.business activities that exploit natural resources (mitigation)Law compliance and enforcement related to business activities which causes climate change.MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION POLICYIN INDONESIA FROM BUSINESS ACTIVITYBUSINESS ACTIVITY/ SECTORREGULATIONPOLICY

PeatlandWasteForestryAgriultureIndustryTransportationEnergyAction Plan: President Republic of Indonesia Regulation No.61 Year 2011onNational Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction President Republic of Indonesia Instruction No. 10 Year 2011 on New Permit/ License Delays and Improving Governance of Primary Forest and PeatlandGovernor Central Kalimantan Regulation No.10 Year 2012of the Regional Strategy and Plan of Action REDD + Central Kalimantan Province.

Low Cost Green Car | LCGC (policy for reduce pollution from transportation with tax reduction)Green open space policy in every city from spatial regulation.Institution of Climate Change National CouncilImproving dan reform Licensing Mechanism (environmental and spatial regulation)Public/ society Participation.

Conclusion and Planning from Law AspectImplementation (rule of law) of existing regulation concerning climate change must be develop and improve.Improving law compliance and law enforcement regulation concerning climate change to control business activityImproving legal education for government, communities, society, corporation about the importance of participation and commitment in mitigation and adaptation to climate change.Legal awareness to the regulation and policy to commit mitigation and adaptation of climate change to support sustainable development.

Thank YouGraciasTerima Kasih