Marco Vieri

Technological & Economic Challenges

Small Smart Farm: support systems for small

holdings and family farms in food production and land care

ERIAFF Conference

SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS

Multi-actor co-operation to foster new competitiveness for Europe

Seinäjoki, Finland, June 10-12

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE – Firenze (Italy) 1765 Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo di Lorena

Shooting lodge inside Cascine Park

Architects Gaspare Maria Paoletti, and Giuseppe Manetti (1785)

Marco Vieri

PhD, Full professor on Agricultural and Forestry Biosystem Engineering, Agronomist President of the Degree Course on Viticuture and Oenology

GESAAF – dept. Agricultural, Food Production and Forest Management

University of Florence Piazzale delle Cascine 15

50144 Firenze (Italy) tel +39 055 328 8320

fax +39 055 331794 mobile +39 3204324455

email: [email protected] web: www.gesaaf.unifi.it

skype: marco.vieri1956

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspare_Maria_Paoletti




http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Manetti

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Manetti

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785

outline

location

mission

small holder family farms

from green revolution to smart farming

regional platforms opportunity

focus points

VINEYARDS

Points of Interest in Rural Tuscany

OLIVE OIL FARMS

Mountain resources, crops and livestock

Rurality, culture, art ….. cereals, vegetables, tree nurseries….

outline

location

mission




From 1925 - Istituto di Meccanica Agraria

tool development, farming engines and machinery

Agriculture and Rural Engineering

farm yard organization, safety, ergonomy Calendar of work. Logistics

2000 - Precision farming

VRT ITC

Telemetria webGIS

Fleet control Robot

OU Biosystem Engineering UNIFI

Researches carried out on Mediterranean hill tree crops over

a decade

MARTE Plus (Sea, Rurality e Land: enhance

inclusive strategic potentiality) sub project C

“Dissemination of good practices aimed at adjusting

production systems and optimizing supply chains in

relation to climate change in agriculture”

www.martepiumeccanizzazione.it.

http://www.martepiumeccanizzazione.it/

MARS+ mechanization - more than 20 technical meetings in 10 districts on the Nord west coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea

11

Scenery of current conservative oliviculture:

Improved safety and quality during farm activities

Social sustainability: workers safety

...risks for workers…!!

No more step

ladders..!!!

Environmental sustainability: management of residues from crop growing

Trinciatura

Practice of burning: expensive, no carbonsink, dangerous

Environmental sustainability: Crops residues energy use

Advantages of rotobaler: Less qualitative decay Easy to manage

To promote the rediscovery of resources, recycling and durable use of natural resources based on traditional smallholder farming practices:

BAT best applicable practices in spraying chemicals

Baldi F., Cioni A., Vieri M.(1992).

Periodical control test for sprayers.

AgEng'92 Uppsala -Sweden June 1-4,1992- AgEng International Conference.Paper N°

9205 112.

Annual use of pesticide in Italy

142 kt – 1,5 G€ WASTE 30-70%

Dosasystem Project- 1997

2° Internazional Congress on

PRECISION FARMING

Warwick – UK

Variable Concentration

and PPP type

Innovative proximal perception systems

Innovative Ultrasonic Sensors

New generation LIDAR

Process data over DTM on biosphere parameters

• SITE-SPECIFIC soil properties, superficial water behaviour, microclimate, nutrients content and activity, crop status, diseases

• 3D prescription maps for machinery

Farm centre

Stage 1 (for n°Times) Pesticide mixture preparation

Stage 2 transport

Stage 3 distribution

Stage 4 Tank refill

Areas to be treated

Spillage risk

Risk of error in mixture preparation

Contamination risk for workers

Risk of incorrect

distribution

TELEMETRY , FLEET CONTROL , DDS in management

Winery Mazzei Fonterutoli Siena

Traceability and management (colors indicate degree of chemical risk after treatment)

Farm machinery dashboard with on time emission and consumption indexes

compared with conventional practices A communicative tachimeter to highlight sustainability indicators: ROS, WFP, CFP, LCA, … Esternality

outline

location

mission




focus points

Helpful to achieve the objective

Harmful to achieve the objective

Inte

rnal

Ori

gin

…..

Strengths Weaknesses → resilience → land care → typical product → renewed interest of young

generation → ……

→ very small scale 1 MHa 1Mfarms olive oil farms 1 700 kHa on 700 kfarms winery

→ poor knowhow: WASTE of …!!! → conservatively closed → old age (average 69 years old) → poor financial power → ……

Exte

rnal

Ori

gin

…..

Opportunities Threats → natural smart know-how of the

new generation → citizen need of «urban farms» → to ways inclusion process → territorial integration SHFF, pilot

farms, SME, RES, schools → EU pushing !!!! → ….

→ orographic and structural difficulties

→ lack on a specific small scale farm mechanization

→ innovation divide → research sectors division &

simplification of the lateral sectors

→ ……

Roles and problems of Small holder Family Farms

27

Scenery of conservative current viticulture:

Environmental sustainability protecting the land. Farm as GUARDIAN of homeland safety

urban farms, inclusive structures and activities to experience rural and natural environments,

products, …..

<- 4000 a.C.

1900 -> 1950 ->

America

Asia

Europe

2000 - 2010

Kate Raworth, et al., A Safe and Just

Space for Humanity Oxfam Discussion

Paper, February 2012

Analysis of those submissions reveals 11 social priorities,

which can be

grouped into three clusters, focused on enabling people to

be:

Well: through food security, adequate income,

improved water and sanitation, and

health care;

Productive: through education, decent work, modern

energy services, and resilience

to shocks;

Empowered: through gender equality, social equity, and having political voice.

Researchers found farmers using up to three times the

required amount of nitrogen fertilizer, bringing no

increase in their harvests, but resulting in 20 to 50 % of

the nitrogen applied leaking into the air and polluting the groundwater.

Ju et al (2009) ‘Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural

systems’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol 106 No. 9.

http://www.pnas.org/content/106/9/3041.full.pdf+html

outline

location

mission




focus points

From GREEN REVOLUTION to SMART AGRICULTURE

food security after World War 2 … the important of group activities in rural

communities: 1-haymaking, 2-reaping, 3-grape harvest, 4-olive picking

Better yield and quality … but - Pressure on resources & - Disruptive social cost

M. Vanacht The Businness of Precision Agriculture. USDA 2001

The “Horsepower” model

Mechanization

Irrigation

Chemicals

Improved seeds

35

the organization of a sustainable process requires rationalization and assessment of each operating

phase according to the global process

Pest control management

Epigean sphere

management

Hypogean sphere

management

Product management

36

The “Brainpower” model

Integrated management of

pests,

water and

fertility

Robotization of Field tasks

Spatial & Data based Decision Making

Improved genetics

M. Vanacht The Businness of Precsion Agriculture. USDA 2001

Last but not least We can not address the issue of the VRT, without considering the production process as an integrated engineering of sector, in a broader context of productive enterprise architecture, enterprise networks, services.

products

constraints

resources

Instrumental

Territorial

Human Environmental

Structural

Foods

Energy

presidio Hedonic products

Service

Restrictions DIRECT and INDIRECT

Process

efficiency

Ethics..

Traceability certified

Sustainability

Safety

precision farming

viticulture raisonné

viticulture durable e sustainable agriculture

…(Georgofili 2003 pg 258)… The development of operational tools is now addressed to the information-technology and capitalization of that knowledge and skills that with simpler tools were part of rural autharchic – so sustainable - culture. … the knowledge of the different characteristics in the different plots of climatic and agronomic factors implemented with careful daily observation skills and a historicity of events transmitted orally generation by generation , was a business model that today we want to recover, through modern technologies … paesant not in few acre but in hundreds hectare

The farm production system needs to rediscover, design and manage a technical-technological system truly compatible with all production, environmental and territorial factors.

Precision Farming a huge universe of technologies and techniques for:

FOOD SECURITY (where, how much, how to manage it, how to increase it, how to make it profitable [i.e. auto-steer= + 10%];

WATER AVAILABILITY “rates of water extraction for irrigation are exceeding rates of many places”;

SOIL QUALITY “soil quality is a critical factor globally” [i.e. erosion, salinization];

LAND AVAILABILITY “the global crop land availabiility is in decline”;

PESTICIDE/ HERBICIDE WASTE AND RESISTANCE “growing number of cases of herbicide resistance” but more increasing technologies to detect disease [i.e. the scab disease];

ENERGY COST AND AVAILABILITY “energy demand …. could be double between now and 2050”

PA increases yield by 16% reduces fertilizer input -5%, herbicide – 65%, fuel – 27% Jensen et al 2012;

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: “many of the current approaches will continue to degrade the environment and compromise the world’capacity to produce food in the future”

TRASFORMING DATA INTO INFORMATION

ancillary services for the Small Holder Farms Family Farm «Altura» Giglio Isle 28_07_12

UO Biosystem Engineering UNIFI

WEB – GIS is the intelligent system – the core of the new approach it permits simultaneous evaluation of "historical" and technical datato

examine all information from anywhere

Management,

Monitoring,

Traceability

COMPANY

KNOW HOW

WEB-GIS

VRA

TELE METRY

«Competitiveness & Sustainability»

We must use the immensely valuable communication and networks THAT THE NEW GENERATION CAN ALREADY MANAGE. We must cultivate our young people ... they will teach us how to…

outline

location

mission




focus points


Satellite

images

Aerial images

Historical data

Local / Field data

CROPSTAR Core Platform

Production

Forecast

Crop

Classification

MONITORED

FIELD

Production

Optimization

Crops

diagnosis

Agronomic models

Procedure

optimization

Crops monitoring

GIS

Services

Water

monitoring

Precision Farming comprises a huge universe of techniques, technologies and related competencies .

In general, but more in the Small Family Farms System, is it not profitable the to use one single application. Thaese are interdependent as the biological and managerial system before described.

…. a leading a multi actor consortium AgriSmaRT includes organization of many types (Research Centers, SMEs, Farmers and others) gathering multiple competences, spanning farmers, farm machinery and mechanization, earth observation using space, airborne and UAV assets, Geographical Information Systems, model design and validation and many others. The non-profit Association ToscanaSpazio with regional SMEs is facilitating this process,

as the application of space technologies to agriculture has been recently identified among one of the smart specialization clusters of the Tuscany Region.

University and Research Centres support research, instruction and training, participating in the feedback process.

Pilot Farms give evaluation of innovation in testbeds

outline

location

mission




focus points

Closing the innovation divide via Smart Small Family Farms

Dissemination participative events (such as Mars+) • Takes time: pneumatic wheel case; more than 10 years to profitably

diffuse their use in agriculture • Takes tuning time between providers and farmers

Evaluation test beds in the virtuous pilot farms system

Regional technological platforms between Small Family Farms, Pilot Farms, SMEs, Services, RES, …..

Role of Smart technologies on Instruction and lifelong learning.

The WEB and the Young together in the field .

……….. and much more….

!!! → Horizon 2020 Call SFS-18-2015 – small farm but global markets: the role of small and family farms in food and nutrition security.

the crew

UO Biosystem engineering UNIFI

Marco Vieri

Food

Transcript of Marco Vieri