MARCH - Institute of Internal Auditors · Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor Internal Audit...
Transcript of MARCH - Institute of Internal Auditors · Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor Internal Audit...
MARCHDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
9,10
9,10
16,17
17
18,19
24,25
25,26
30,31,1,2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
4
KL07
KL08
KL09
JV01
KL10
KL54
KL12
KL45
Forensic Investigation Skills
Building a Sustainable Quality Program
COSO-based Internal Auditing
Audit Committee Conference
Financial Auditing for Internal Auditors
The Credit Management & Operations Audit
Audit-Monitoring-Management of Construction ‘Projects’
Tools & Techniques II: Lead Auditor
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Suresh D
Gurbakhish Singh
Shanmugam
TBA
Lee Chew Foong
David Leong
Gursharan Singh
Lee Chew Foong
I-II
I-II
lI-III
AC
I-II
II-III
I-III
II
2,600.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
750.00
2,020.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,650.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
1,150.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,150.00
calendar view
Level Member Fee*
Non Member Fee*
FEBRUARYDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker
10,11,12,13
12,13
14
20
24,25
26,27
4
2
1
0.5
2
2
KL02
KL01
KL03
KL62
KL13
KL05
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
Internal Audit Report Writing “8 Key Aspects for Improved Communication, Impact & Assurance”
Using Financial Ratios to Interpret Financial Statements for Any Red Flags
Corporate Liability, Adequate Procedures and ISO 37001 Anti-Bribery Management Systems
Basic IT Audit Techniques for Non-IT Auditors
Root Cause Analysis for Internal Auditors
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Lee Chew Foong
Steven Yee
Lee Min On
Dr Mark Lovatt
Frank Yam
Shanmugam
I-III
I-III
III-IV
III-IV
I-II
II-III
2,550.00
2,600.00
990.00
400.00
3,000.00
2,020.00
3,050.00
3,100.00
1,490.00
600.00
3,500.00
3,100.00
Level Member Fee*
Non Member Fee*
APRILDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
6,7
6,7,8,9
8,9
13,14,15,16
16
17
20,21
21,22
27,28
2
4
2
4
1
1
2
2
2
KL16
KL14
KL04
KL15
JV02
KL17
KL18
KL11
KL19
Critical Thinking in the Audit Process
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
Understanding & Managing Risk
Tools & Techniques III: Audit Manager
Digital / IT Conference
Corporate Liability Provision
Root Cause Analysis Done Right & Effective Sampling Technique for Internal Auditing & Compliance Review
Performing an Effective Quality Assessment
Risk Based Annual Audit & Engagement Planning
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Dr Eddy Yap
Madhu Marimuthu
Vaneesa Veerappan
Lim Hooi Hoon
TBA
Lee Min On
Steven Yee
Sivamalar Thuraisingam
Gurbakhish Singh
I-II
I
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
II-III
II-III
I-III
2,020.00
2,550.00
2,600.00
3,200.00
750.00
990.00
2,600.00
2,020.00
2,600.00
3,100.00
3,050.00
3,100.00
3,700.00
1,150.00
1,490.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
MAYDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
8
11,12
13,14
18,19
19,20
1
2
2
2
2
KL21
KL22
JV03
KL23
KL24
Use of Analytics Tools Workshop for CAE
Lean Auditing
IT Audit Essentials
Operational Auditing: Influencing Positive Change
Internal Audit Report Writing “8 Key Aspects for Improved Communication, Impact & Assurance”
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
TBA
Muraliraj Jagantheran
TBA
Lee Chew Foong
Steven Yee
IV
I-III
I-III
I-II
I-III
990.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,020.00
2,600.00
1,490.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
JUNEDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
9,10
10,11
15,16
16,17
22,23
26
22,23,24,25
2
2
2
2
2
1
4
KL25
JV04
KL26
JV05
KL27
KL28
KL29
Consulting: Activities, Skills, Attitudes
Cybersecurity
Integrated Approach to Auditing
Auditing Regulatory Compliance in a CyberWorld
The Anti-Money Laundering (Aml) Internal Audit
Internal Audit Charter & Audit Plan from a Strategy Point of View
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Gurbakhish Singh
TBA
Monnie Goh
TBA
David Leong
TBA
Shanmugam
I-III
I-III
II-III
II-III
I-III
AC
I
2,020.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
990.00
2,550.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
1,490.00
3,050.00
calendar view
JULYDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
1,2
6,7,8
8,9
13,14
16
15,16
20,21
20,21
27
2
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
KL30
KL20
KL31
KL32
JV06
KL33
KL34
KL60
KL63
Data Analytics
Setting-up and Managing an Effective Internal Audit Function
Essential Tools for the Development of Fieldwork Skills
Influencing Skills for Auditors
Public Sector Conference
Audit Planning: RIGHT from the START
Financial Auditing for Internal Auditors
The Treasury Internal Audit
Viewing Business Processes from the Perspective of Continuous Improvement
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Madhu Marimuthu
Stanley Yap
Monnie Goh
Dr Eddy Yap
TBA
Steven Yee
Dr Eddy Yap
David Leong
Muraliraj Jagantheran
I
II-III
I-II
I-II
I-III
II-III
I-III
I-II
II-IV
2,600.00
2,900.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
750.00
2,600.00
2,020.00
2,600.00
1,350.00
3,100.00
3,400.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
1,150.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
1,850.00
AUGUSTDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
4
5,6
14
17,18
24,25
24,25
26,27
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
JV07 (DELOITTE)
JV08 (DELOITTE)
KL37
KL38
KL39
KL57
KL35
Analytics Training for Internal Auditors (Beginners)
Analytics Training for Internal Auditors (Intermediate)
How AI & Iot Affetcts the World of Internal Audit
Creative Problem-Solving Techniques for Auditors
Audit Report Writing
Internal Controls for Accountants and Auditors
Emerging Technologies and Digital Transformation - Why it is Critical for Auditors to provide Assurance
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
TBA
TBA
TBA
Dr Grace Mui Yanchi
Gurbakhish Singh
Frank Yam
Frank Yam
I-II
II-III
IV
I-III
II-III
II-III
II-III
1,350.00
2,600.00
990.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
3,000.00
3,000.00
1,850.00
3,100.00
1,490.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,500.00
3,500.00
SEPTEMBERDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
1,2
4
7,8,9,10
8,9
9
28,29
2
1
4
2
1
2
KL40
KL41
KL42
KL43
KL44
CF01
Detecting & Preventing Fraud: Essential competencies for Internal Auditors
Code of Ethics
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
The Risk Management Audit
Operational Auditing -Evaluating Procurement and Sourcing
2020 National Conference
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Gurbakhish Singh
TBA
Madhu Marimuthu
David Leong
Suresh D
IIA Malaysia
I-III
AC
I
I-III
I-III
I-III
2,600.00
990.00
2,550.00
2,600.00
1,350.00
1,900.00
3,100.00
1,490.00
3,050.00
3,100.00
1,850.00
2,200.00
calendar view
OCTOBERDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
5,6,7,8
7
12,13
13
15
14,15
19,20
21,22
4
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
KL06
KL46
KL47
OC01
OC02
KL48
KL49
KL50
Tools & Techniques II: Lead Auditor
Enterprise Risk Management & Corruption Risk Management - a step-by-step approach in developing a Risk Management Framework
Analyzing & Improving Business Processes
Bursa Malaysia Programme
Bursa Malaysia Programme
Root Cause Analysis for Internal Auditors
Risk Based Audit (RBA) Methodology Application: Embedding COSO for Greater Wins
Audit-Monitoring-Management of Construction ‘Projects’
KL
KL
KL
Bursa
Bursa
KL
KL
KL
Monnie Goh
Lee Min On
Dr Eddy Yap
IIAM
IIAM
Monnie Goh
Steven Yee
Gursharan Singh
II
II-III
II-III
III-IV
III-IV
lI-III
II-III
I-III
2,650.00
990.00
2,020.00
0.00
0.00
2,020.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
3,150.00
1,490.00
3,100.00
0.00
0.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
NOVEMBERDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
2,3,4
6
16,17,18,19
9,10
10
20
23,24,25,26
25,26
30,1
30,1
3
1
4
2
1
1
4
2
2
2
KL51
KL52
KL53
KL54
OC03
KL55
KL56
KL36
KL58
KL59
High Impact Operational Audit of Human Resource Management
The A-Z on Blockchain Technology
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
The Credit Management & Operations Audit
CAE Summit 2020
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Internal Control System
Tools & Techniques III: Audit Manager
Basic IT Audit Techniques for Non-IT Auditors
Performing an Effective Quality Assessment
Practical Risk Based Tools & Techniques for Auditing Oil Palm Operations Including Red Flags and Fraud Detection
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Stanley Yap
TBA
Shanmugam
David Leong
TBA
TBA
Gurbakhish Singh
Frank Yam
Sivamalar Thuraisingam
Gurbakhish Singh
II-III
IV
I
II-III
II-IV
AC
III
I-II
III
II
2,900.00
990.00
2,550.00
2,600.00
900.00
990.00
3,200.00
3,000.00
2,020.00
2,600.00
3,400.00
1,490.00
3,050.00
3,100.00
1,300.00
1,490.00
3,700.00
3,500.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
DECEMBERDate Duration Course
CodeTopic Venue Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*
3
8,9
1
2
OC04
KL61
East Malaysia Conference (Sabah & Sarawak)
Creative Problem-Solving Techniques for Auditors
KL
KL
TBA
Dr Eddy Yap
II-IV
I-III
900.00
2,020.00
1,300.00
3,100.00
calendar view
GLOBAL PROGRAMMESDate DurationMonth Course
CodeTopic Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*Venue
FUNDAMENTALS10,11,12,13
26,27
9,10
18,19
30,31,1,2
6,7,8,9
13,14,15,16
21,22
22,23,24,25
20,21
24,25
7,8,9,10
5,6,7,8
14,15
16,17,18,19
23,24,25,26
30,1
4
2
2
2
4
4
4
2
4
2
2
4
4
2
4
4
2
Feb
Feb
Mac
Mac
Mac
Apr
Apr
Apr
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
KL02
KL05
KL08
KL10
KL45
KL14
KL15
KL11
KL29
KL34
KL39
KL42
KL06
KL48
KL53
KL56
KL58
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
Root Cause Analysis for Internal Auditors
Building a Sustainable Quality Program
Financial Auditing for Internal Auditors
Tools & Techniques II: Lead Auditor
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
Tools & Techniques III: Audit Manager
Performing An Effective Quality Assessment
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
Financial Auditing for Internal Auditors
Audit Report Writing
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
Tools & Techniques II: Lead Auditor
Root Cause Analysis for Internal Auditors
Tools & Techniques I: New Internal Auditor
Tools & Techniques III: Audit Manager
Performing An Effective Quality Assessment
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Lee Chew Foong
Shanmugam
Gurbakhish Singh
Lee Chew Foong
Lee Chew Foong
Madhu Marimuthu
Lim Hooi Hoon
Sivamalar Thuraisingam
Shanmugam
Dr Eddy Yap
Gurbakhish Singh
Madhu Marimuthu
Monnie Goh
Monnie Goh
Shanmugam
Gurbakhish Singh
Sivamalar Thuraisingam
I-III
lI-III
I-II
I-II
II
I
III
II-III
I
I-III
II-III
I
II
lI-III
I
III
III
2,550.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
2,650.00
2,550.00
3,200.00
2,020.00
2,550.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
2,550.00
2,650.00
2,020.00
2,550.00
3,200.00
2,020.00
3,050.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,150.00
3,050.00
3,700.00
3,100.00
3,050.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,050.00
3,150.00
3,100.00
3,050.00
3,700.00
3,100.00
GOVERNANCE, RISK & CONTROL (GRC)16,17
9
2
1
Mac
Sep
KL09
KL44
COSO-based Internal Auditing
Operational Auditing -Evaluating Procurement and Sourcing
KL
KL
Shanmugam
Suresh D
lI-III
I-III
2,020.00
1,350.00
3,100.00
1,850.00
SKILLS6,7
18,19
9,10
17,18
12,13
8,9
2
2
2
2
2
2
Apr
May
Jun
Aug
Oct
Dec
KL16
KL23
KL25
KL38
KL47
KL61
Critical Thinking in the Audit Process
Operational Auditing: Influencing Positive Change
Consulting: Activities, Skills, Attitudes
Creative Problem-Solving Techniques for Auditors
Analyzing & Improving Business Processes
Creative Problem-Solving Techniques for Auditors
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Dr Eddy Yap
Lee Chew Foong
Gurbakhish Singh
Dr Grace Mui Yanchi
Dr Eddy Yap
Dr Eddy Yap
I,II
I-II
I-III
I-III
II-III
I-III
2,020.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
2,020.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
category view
OTHER PROGRAMMESDate DurationMonth Course
CodeTopic Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*Venue
AUDIT COMMITTEE17
26
4
13
15
20
1
1
1
1
1
1
Mac
Jun
Sep
Oct
Oct
Nov
JV01
KL28
KL41
OC01
OC02
KL55
Audit Committee Conference
Internal Audit Charter & Audit Plan from a Strategy Point of View
Code of Ethics
Bursa Malaysia Programme
Bursa Malaysia Programme
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Internal ControlSystem
KL
KL
KL
Bursa
Bursa
KL
TBA
TBA
TBA
IIAM
IIAM
TBA
AC
AC
AC
III-IV
III-IV
AC
750.00
990.00
990.00
0.00
0.00
990.00
1,150.00
1,490.00
1,490.00
0.00
0.00
1,490.00
CHIEF AUDIT EXECUTIVE8
14
6
10
1
1
1
1
May
Aug
Nov
Nov
KL21
KL37
KL52
OC03
Use of Analytics Tools Workshop for CAE
How AI & Iot Affetcts the World of Internal Audit
The A-Z on Blockchain Technology
CAE Summit 2020
KL
KL
KL
KL
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA
IV
IV
IV
II-IV
990.00
990.00
990.00
900.00
1,490.00
1,490.00
1,490.00
1,300.00
FRAUD9,10
22,23
2,3
2
2
2
Mac
Jun
Sep
KL07
KL27
KL40
Forensic Investigation Skills
The Anti-Money Laundering (Aml) Internal Audit
Detecting & Preventing Fraud: Essential competencies for Internal Auditors
KL
KL
KL
Suresh D
David Leong
Gurbakhish Singh
I-II
I-III
I-III
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
FUNDAMENTALS12,13
25,26
20,21
27,28
19,20
15,16
8,9
15,16
21,22
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Feb
Mac
Apr
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Jul
Oct
KL01
KL12
KL18
KL19
KL24
KL26
KL31
KL33
KL50
Internal Audit Report Writing “8 Key Aspects for Improved Communication, Impact & Assurance”
Audit-Monitoring-Management Of Construction ‘Projects’
Root Cause Analysis Done Right & Effective Sampling Technique for Internal Auditing & Compliance Review
Risk Based Annual Audit & Engagement Planning
Internal Audit Report Writing “8 Key Aspects for Improved Communication, Impact & Assurance”
Integrated Approach to Auditing
Essential Tools for the Development of Fieldwork Skills
Audit Planning: RIGHT from the START
Audit-Monitoring-Management Of Construction ‘Projects’
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Steven Yee
Gursharan Singh
Steven Yee
Gurbakhish Singh
Steven Yee
Monnie Goh
Monnie Goh
Steven Yee
Gursharan Singh
I-III
I-III
II-III
I-III
I-III
II-III
I-II
II-III
I-III
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
category view
OTHER PROGRAMMESDate DurationMonth Course
CodeTopic Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*Venue
GOVERNANCE, RISK & CONTROL (GRC)15
14
24,25
8,9
17
6,7,8
16
20,21
27
24,25
8,9
28,29
7
19,20
2,3,4
9,10
30,1
3
0.5
1
2
2
1
3
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
Jan
Feb
Mac
Apr
Apr
Jul
Jul
Jul
Jul
Aug
Sep
Sep
Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Dec
KL62
KL03
KL54
KL04
KL17
KL20
JV06
KL60
KL63
KL57
KL43
CF01
KL46
KL49
KL51
KL54
KL59
OC04
Corporate Liability, Adequate Procedures and ISO 37001 Anti-Bribery Management Systems
Using Financial Ratios to Interpret Financial Statements for Any Red Flags
The Credit Management & Operations Audit
Understanding & Managing Risk
Corporate Liability Provision
Setting-up and Managing an Effective Internal Audit Function
Public Sector Conference
The Treasury Internal Audit
Viewing Business Processes from the Perspective of Continuous Improvement
Internal Controls for Accountants and Auditors
The Risk Management Audit
2020 National Conference
Enterprise Risk Management & Corruption Risk Management - a step-by-step approach in developing a Risk Management Framework
Risk Based Audit (RBA) Methodology Application: Embedding COSO for Greater Wins
High Impact Operational Audit of Human Resource Management
The Credit Management & Operations Audit
Practical Risk Based Tools & Techniques for Auditing Oil Palm Operations Including Red Flags and Fraud Detection
East Malaysia Conference (Sabah & Sarawak)
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Dr Mark Lovatt
Lee Min On
David Leong
Vaneesa Veerappan
Lee Min On
Stanley Yap
TBA
David Leong
Muraliraj Jagantheran
Frank Yam
David Leong
IIA Malaysia
Lee Min On
Steven Yee
Stanley Yap
David Leong
Gurbakhish Singh
TBA
III-IV
III-IV
II-III
ll-lll
III-IV
II-III
I-III
I-II
II-IV
II-III
I-III
I-III
II-III
II-III
II-III
II-III
II
II-IV
400.00
990.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
990.00
2,900.00
750.00
2,600.00
1,350.00
3,000.00
2,600.00
1,900.00
990.00
2,600.00
2,900.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
900.00
600.00
1,490.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
1,490.00
3,400.00
1,150.00
3,100.00
1,850.00
3,500.00
3,100.00
2,200.00
1,490.00
3,100.00
3,400.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
1,300.00
SKILLS11, 12
13, 14
2
2
May
Jul
KL22
KL32
Lean Auditing
Influencing Skills for Auditors
KL
KL
Muraliraj Jagantheran
Dr Eddy Yap
I-III
I-II
2,600.00
2,600.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
category view
OTHER PROGRAMMESDate DurationMonth Course
CodeTopic Speaker Level Member
Fee*Non Member
Fee*Venue
TECHNOLOGY24,25
16
13,14
10,11
16,17
1,2
4
5,6
26,27
25,26
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
Feb
Apr
May
Jun
Jun
Jul
Aug
Aug
Aug
Nov
KL13
JV02
JV03
JV04
JV05
KL30
JV07 (DELOITTE)
JV08 (DELOITTE)
KL35
KL36
Basic IT Audit Techniques for Non-IT Auditors
Digital / IT Conference
IT Audit Essentials
Cybersecurity
Auditing Regulatory Compliance in a CyberWorld
Data Analytics
Analytics Training for Internal Auditors (Beginners)
Analytics Training for Internal Auditors (Intermediate)
Emerging Technologies and Digital Transformation - Why it is Critical for Auditors to provide Assurance
Basic IT Audit Techniques for Non-IT Auditors
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
Frank Yam
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA
Madhu Marimuthu
TBA
TBA
Frank Yam
Frank Yam
I-II
III-IV
I-III
I-III
II-III
I
I-II
II-III
II-III
I-II
3,000.00
750.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
1,350.00
2,600.00
3,000.00
3,000.00
3,500.00
1,150.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
3,100.00
1,850.00
3,100.00
3,500.00
3,500.00
COURSE LEVEL
Level I - Auditor with less than one year’s audit experience, responsible for gaining auditing knowledge, perspective and job performance skills.
Level II - Auditors with more than one year’s experience. Responsible include staff auditor training, planning, execution and completion of audits; and project leader duties.
Level III - Supervisory and management personnel responsible for multi-audit duties and participating in budgeting, planning, scheduling and monitoring activities or special projects. Persons responsible for managing the auditing department. Key responsibilities include auditing, planning, scheduling, budgeting, reporting and evaluating performance.
Level IV - Boards of Directors, Audit Committee Members, Chief Audit Executives, and Senior Management Personnel.
For further Information: Tel: +603 2181 8008 Fax: +603 2181 1717 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iiam.com.my
* Fee is subject to 6% SST.
The contents of this planner are accurate at the point of printing. For further information, please refer to www.iiam.com.my
The Institute reserves the rights to make changes to the dates, titles, speakers, venues and fees if warranted by circumstances beyond its control.
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