March 2011 Why do we die? City of Cincinnati …...March 2011 Why do we die? City of Cincinnati...

March 2011

Why do we die? City of Cincinnati Mortality Data Project Summary

Noble Maseru, Ph. D., MPH, Cincinnati Health Commissioner

Camille Jones, MD, MPH, Assistant Health Commissioner

*from the collection of the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County

Index

Page 1 Executive Summary

Cincinnati Map—Age Adjusted Mortality Rates by Neighborhood

Page 5 Neighborhood Mortality Rates Compared to City of Cincinnati Rate

Page 6 Top 10 Causes of Death in Cincinnati and Crude Mortality Rates for Cincinnati and USA

Pare 7 Heart Disease: Neighborhood Mortality Rates Compared to City of Cincinnati Rate

Page 8 Cancer Deaths: Neighborhood Mortality Rates Compared to City of Cincinnati Rate

Page 9 Stroke Deaths: Neighborhood Mortality Rates Compared to City of Cincinnati Rate

Acknowledgements

A special thank you to Dan Laughlin and Matt Malinak from Xavier University’s XU Health Services Administration Graduate Program for their tireless work and extra effort on this project. Thanks also to Dr. Edmond Hooker, the faculty mentor at Xavier University for this project.

The City of Cincinnati Planning Department

All data from 2001-2007

Executive Summary

Cincinnati Health Department

Neighborhood Mortality Data Project

The results of an unprecedented 2.5 year effort has produced the leading causes of death

for Cincinnati and death rates in each of the 48 neighborhood groupings, by age, gender

and race. The information includes the top 10 causes of death for the City. The top 10 causes

of death for neighborhoods will be released shortly. This data has never been available before

in Cincinnati. The information will be used to improve the quality, and extend the life of

Cincinnatians.

The data was made available to the public at an announcement on Mar 30, 2011 at the

Cincinnati Health Department, 3101 Burnet Avenue, 45229. In addition initial data is now

available on the Health Departments website www.cincinnati-oh.gov.

The data will be used and analyzed by City of Cincinnati planners for the development of

the City’s Comprehensive Plan, as well as by community members, academics, researchers,

public health professionals, social service agencies, community councils, health councils,

hospitals, media, grant writers and anyone interested in understanding or working with

issues of health, illness and disparity in Cincinnati.

The project was led by the Cincinnati Health Department and included close collaboration

with students from Xavier University’s Master of Health Administration program. The

methodology adhered to strict academic research guidelines and research practices

including review by the Health Department and Xavier’s independent Institutional Review

Boards*. The initial database and each step of the analysis were cross-checked by multiple

researchers to assure a strong final product.

1

The best way to improve the health of communities is through local action. The Health

Department will work with community agencies and partners to consider the implications

of these findings and to develop long term plans to improve health outcomes in

Cincinnati. This will include:

• Working with community councils to establish or support existing wellness

committees focusing on the implications for specific neighborhoods and the region.

• Working with City staff on the ongoing development of the Cincinnati

Comprehensive Plan by considering the impact of the built environment, placement

of industry, walk and bike ability of communities etc.

• Partner with hospitals, academia and other civic organizations on ways to best turn

this data and further research into positive health outcomes.

The release of this data represents the completion of the first phase of the project. In

the coming months the Health Department will continue to analyze the data. Regular

public release of additional analyses will take place as the information becomes available.

Further plans are in place to develop a query-able dataset which will be available

online for use by researchers, residents and anyone else interested in improving health

outcomes.

2

3

*Methodology

Death certificates filed by the Cincinnati Health Department’s Vital Records office from

2001 to 2007 were compiled and assigned a census tract by the Ohio Department of

Health. The research team was able to assign all deaths to their respective residential

neighborhood using the Cincinnati Department of City Planning’s definition by census

tract of 48 statistical neighborhood approximations. The number of people living in each

neighborhood in 2004 was estimated using data from the 2000 census and an adjustment

methodology provided by the Department of City Planning. Standard formulas for

calculating overall-, age-, race- and sex-specific (crude) death rates were utilized. Age-

adjusted death rates were also calculated for each neighborhood, based on the Cincinnati

population. The National Center for Health Statistics categorizations of underlying causes

of death (50 major causes, 113 detailed causes) were used to develop the leading causes

of death at the city and neighborhood levels.

A more detailed methodology is available upon request by calling 357-7482.

Neighborhood Crude M

ortality Rates Compared to City of Cincinnati Rate

(2001‐2007)

‐100%

‐80%

‐60%

‐40%

‐20% 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

AvondaleBond HillCalifornia

Camp WashingtonCarthage

CBD‐RiverfrontClifton

College HillCorryvilleEast End

East Price HillEast Walnut Hills

EvanstonEvanston‐East Walnut Hills

Fairview‐Clifton HeightsFay AptsHartwell

Hyde ParkKennedy Heights

LinwoodLower Price Hill

MadisonvilleMt Adams

Mt AiryMt Auburn

Mt Lookout Mt Lookout‐Columbia Tusculum

Mt WashingtonNorth Avondale ‐ Paddock Hills

North Fairmount ‐ EnglishNorthside

OakleyOver‐The‐RhinePleasant Ridge

QueensgateRiverside‐Sayler Park

RoselawnSayler Park

Sedamsville‐RiversideSouth Cumminsville‐Millvale

South FairmountSpring Grove VillageUniversity Heights

Walnut HillsWest End

West Price HillWestwood

Winton Hills

% Difference from Cincinnati Rate

5

To

p 1

0 C

au

ses o

f De

ath

in C

incin

na

ti, 20

01

-20

07

C

rud

e M

orta

lity Ra

tes fo

r Cin

cinn

ati a

nd

US

A

Cause

of D

eath

Cincinnati

(death

s/100,0

00)

USA

(death

s/100,0

00)

1H

eart D

isease

265.2

204.3

2C

ance

rs230.8

186.6

3C

ere

bro

vascu

lar D

isease

s71.1

45.1

4C

hro

nic L

ow

er R

esp

irato

ry Dise

ase

s56.1

42.4

5D

iabete

s (Sugar)

44.8

23.7

6A

ccidents

42.6

41.0

7A

lzheim

er’s D

isease

29.8

24.7

8N

ephritis/N

ephro

sis (Kid

ney D

isease

)23.2

15.4

9In

fluenza

and P

neum

onia

21.9

17.5

10

Assa

ult (H

om

icide)

19.1

6.1

6

Cause of D

eath C

incinnati (deaths/100,000)

2001-2007

Ohio L

arge Metro

(deaths/100,000)1999-2007

Ohio

(deaths/100,000)1999-2007

USA

(deaths/100,000)2007

1 H

eart Disease

265.2 269.9

265.9 204.3

2 C

ancer 230.8

224.8 224.8

186.6

3 C

erebrovascular Disease (Stroke)

71.1 56.7

58.4 45.1

4 C

hronic Lower R

espiratory Disease

56.1 46.4

53.2 42.4

5 D

iabetes (Sugar) 44.8

29.8 32.7

23.7

6 A

ccidents 42.6

31.4 29.2

41.0

7 A

lzheimer’s D

isease 29.8

24.5 25.2

24.7

8 N

ephritis/Nephrosis (K

idney Disease)

23.2 18.0

16.4 15.4

9 Influenza and Pneum

onia 21.9

18.9 20.2

17.5

10 A

ssault (Hom

icide) 19.1

8.2 4.8

6.1

A

LL CA

USES

1095.3 949.9

946.2 803.6

Ohio and O

hio large metropolitan rates retrieved from

CD

C W

onder U

.S. rates retrieved from C

DC

National V

ital Statistics Reports

‐120%

‐100%

‐80%

‐60%

‐40%

‐20% 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%











Mt AiryMt Auburn



North Fairmont ‐ EnglishNorthside



RoselawnSayler Park


South FairmontSpring Grove VillageUniversity Heights


West Price HillWestwoodWinton Hills


Heart D

isease

: Neig

hborh

ood M

orta

lity Rate

s Com

pare

d to

C

ity of C

incin

nati R

ate

(2001-2

007)

7

‐100%

‐80%

‐60%

‐40%

‐20% 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%











Mt AiryMt Auburn






RoselawnSayler Park





% Difference from Cincinnati RateC

ance

r Death

s: Neig

hborh

ood M

orta

lity Rate

s Com

pare

d to

C

ity of C

incin

nati R

ate

(2001-2

007)

8

‐150%

‐100%

‐50% 0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%











Mt AiryMt Auburn






RoselawnSayler Park






Stro

ke D

eath

s: Neig

hborh

ood M

orta

lity Rate

s Com

pare

d to

C

ity of C

incin

nati R

ate

(2001-2

007)

9

3101 Burnet AvenueCincinnati OH, 45229

For more information:

• Contact the Cincinnati Health Department at 513-357-7200

• www.cincinnati-oh.gov

• Facebook: www.facebook.com/Cincinnati Health Department

• Follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/CinciHealthDept

March 2011 Why do we die? City of Cincinnati …...March 2011 Why do we die? City of Cincinnati...

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