8 March 1974 7C¶TFI%TCM¶1Volume 183. No. 4128

LETTERS Grant Administration: V. P. White; R. J. Woodrow; Energy and theEnvironment: J. McCarthy; The University Department:J. Stokes ll[; M. Goran; R. Stralss ...............................

EDITORIAL Ignorance as the Driving Force: N. Hackera.at...........................

ARTICLES Atmospheric Effects of Pollutants: P. V. Hobbs. H. Harrison, E. Robinsoni......

Selenium Biochemistry: T. C. Stadtmnant ...............................

What Happened at Hawthorne?: H. M. Parson.s ..........................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

U.S.-U.S.S.R. Exchange: Americans Split on Schizophrenia Program ...........

Insurance Dominates Health Message .................................

Sterilization Regulations: Debate Not Quelled by HEW Document .............

rhe Presidential Prize Caper: Non-Winners Revealed ......................

Chemical Carcinogenesis: A Long-Neglected Field Blossoms ................

Fhe Meaning of Fossils, reviewed by 7'. J. M. Schopf; Foundations ofScientific Method, R. Smnith; South Asian Archaeology, R. H. Dyson, Jr.;Comparative Morphology of the Mammalian Ovary, C. R. Austin;Behavioral Embryology, J. S. Rosenblatt; A Plague of Corn,B. G. Rosenkrantz: Books Received ..............................

REPORTS Auroral Photography from a Satellite: E. H. Rogers, D. F. Nelson. R. C. Savage ...

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BOARD Of DIRECTORS LEONARD M. RIESER ROGER REVELLE MARGARET MEAD RICHARD H. BOLT EMILIO Q. DADDARIORetiring President, Chairman President President-Elect BARRY COMMONER EDWARD E. DAVID, JR.

CHAIRMEN AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)John G. Kemeny Solomon J. Buchsbaum Milton Harris Ivan R. KingSECRETARIES OF Truman A. Botts Rolf M. Sinclair Leo Schubert Arlo U. LandoltAAAS SECTIONS

PSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) ENGINEERING (NCharles Cofer George J. Stigler Owen Gingerich Byron 0. TapleyEdwin P. Hollander Daniel Rich George Basalla Paul H. Robbins

EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (S) INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION CJ. Myron, Atkin Howard M. Myers Louis P. Jeffrey Martin GreenbergerPhillip R. Fordyce Sholom Pearlman John Autian Joseph Becker

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISIONGunter E. Weller Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Gordon L. Bender Max P. DunfordPresident Executive Secretary President Secretary-Tredsurer President Executive Secretary-Trea

SCIENCE is published wedy, except the last week In December, but with an extra Issue on the fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Association for the Advancement ofScience, 151 MassachustAv., NW, Washingo, D.C. 20005. Now combined with no Scientific Monthily. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright @ 1974 bythe American Association for the Advancement of Science. Member rates on request. Annual subscription $30; foreign postage: Americas $4, overseas $6, air lift to urope $18.Single copies $1 (back issues, $2) except Guide to Scientific Instrents which is $4. School year subscriptions: 9 months $22.50; 1D menths $25. Provide 6 weeks notice forchange of address, giving now and odeddre and zip codes. Send a rent address label. Science Is Indexed in the Reades Guide to PIoddIcl Uteatwe.

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Low-Loss Niobium-Tin Compound for Superconducting Alternating-Current PowerTransmission Applications: M. Suenaga and M. Garber . ....................... 952

Melting Relations of the Allende Meteorite: M. G. Seitz and I. Kushiro ......... 954Light Flashes Observed by Astronauts on Apollo 11 through Apollo 17:

L. S. Pinsky et al.. ........................................... 957Eustatic Sea Level 120,000 Years Ago on Oahu, Hawaii: T.-L. Ku et al ......... 959Immunoglobulin Structure: Amino Terminal Sequences of Mouse Myeloma Proteins

That Bind Phosphorylcholine: P. Barstad et al.. ...................... 962Choline Content of Rat Brain: W. B. Stavinoha and S. T. Weintraub ............... 964Mapping Human Autosomes: Evidence Supporting Assignment of Rhesus to the Short

Arm of Chromosome No. 1: W. L. Marsh et al . ............................. 966Calcification on an Unstable Substrate: Marginal Growth in the Mollusk Pecten

diegensis: G. R. Clark H ................................................ 968Suppressing Drosophila Circadian Rhythm with Dim Light: A. T. Winfree ......... 970Disruption of Gypsy Moth Mating with Microencapsulated Disparlure: E. A.

Cameron et al ............................................... 972Infant Color Perception: J. F. Fagan III....................................... 973Inhibition of Neighboring Motoneurons in Conscious Control of Single Spinal

Motoneurons: H. McC. Smith, Jr., J. V. Basmajian, S. F. Vanderstoep ........... 975Technical Comments: Linearized Heat Transfer Relations in Biology: G. S. Bakken

and D. M. Gates; T. H. Strunk; M. Kleiber; Sex Pheromone of the CodlingMoth: L. M. McDonough and H. R. Moffitt .......................... 976

MEETINGS Gordon Research Conferences: A. M. Cruickshank ............................. 979

PRODUCTS AND Metallographic Specimen Polisher; Piezoelectric Chromatograph; Display andMATIRIALS Scan Generator; Salinometer-Conductivity Meter; Viscometer for Polymers;Spectrophotometer; Literature .................................. 10O13

COVER

Simultaneous photographs of the east1"p SKI WIAM 1.-W ILA BX^AN coast of North America and Green-OOOUH- MISU"CEY SARR TeerrEecte fl land taken about 7:30 p.m. local

ND0 QEOII,AP,rE BIOL CL,SCEN(- ) ANhOPO (I:) time, 15 November 1972. City lights,1e etieM wenyBrieKpa the aurora borealis, and moonlight==CEY (N A U (0 INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE rP) r rrl;reflected from clouds and terrain areit Ned mBa Gebor$taea.r seen in the visible light photograph

-tin L.wu on the left. An infrared temperaturemreimage, which ranges from 21 0KWis R B - Cot(white) to 310 K (black), appearsStaney . Ceogon,Jr.on the right. See page 951. [U.S.

Air Force Weather Service Satellite-]

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15 M\arch 1974Volume 183, No. 4129

LETTERS Air Pollutants Study: R. A. McCormlick; Unemployed Biologists: D. E. Davis;Underground Coal Gasification: D. R. Stephens, A. D. Pasternak,A. Mainmoni; Mangroves, Isopods, and the Ecosystem: S. C. Snedakeiand J. T. Enright ............................................

EDITORIAL Trhe "Slippery Slope" of Science: A. Etzioni ..............................

ARTICLES Paleoclimatic Inferences from Long Tree-Ring Records: V. C. LaMarche, Jr........Biological Cycles for Toxic Elements in the Environment: J. M. Wood ...........

'rhe Economics of Resource Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste:J. G. Ahert, H. Alte/, J. F. Beiheisel...............................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Velikovsky: AAAS Forum for a Mild Collision ..........................Problems of Forbidden Knowledge ...................................Human Nutrition

Floating NUclear P'ants: Power from the Assembly Line ....................

Viral Carcinogenesis: Role of DNA Viruses .............................What Is Cancer? What Forms Does It Take? How Does It Kill?. ................

Alfred Binet, reviewed by R. D. Tliddenehamii; The Psychophysiology of Thinking,T. Shallice; Locomotion of Tissue Cells, C. S. Izzard; Embryology andPhylogeny in Annelids and Arthropods, R. L. Fernald; Barobiology and theExperimental Biology of the Deep Sea, H. W. Jannasch; Function ofNaturally Occurring Polyamines, E. J. Herbst; Wave Mechanics,K. S. Pitzer; Chemistry and Functions of Colicins, F. M. Richards;Books Received . ............................................

BOARD OF DIRECTORS LEONARD M. RIESER ROGER REVELLE MARGARET MEAD RICHARD H. BOLT EMILIO Q. DADDARIORetiring President, Chairman President President-Elect BARRY COMMONER EDWARD E. DAVID, JR.

CHAIRMEN AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)SECRETARIES OF John G. Kemeny Solomon J. Buchsbaum Milton Harris Ivan R. KingTruman A. Botts Rolf M. Sinclair Leo Schubert tAdo U. LandotAAAS SECTIONS

PSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND) PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (1) ENGINEERING (M)Charles Cofer George J'. Stigler Owen Gingerich Byron D. TapleyEdwin P. Hollander Daniel Rich George Basalla Paul H. Robbins

EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (S) INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION (T)J. Myron Atkin Howard M. Myers Louis P. Jeffrey Martin GreenbergerPhillip R. Fordyce Sholom Pearlman John Autian Joseph Becker

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC OIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISIONWilliam E. Davis Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Gordon L. Bender Max P. DunfordChairman, Executive Committee Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer President E

SCIENCE is published weekly, except the last week in December, but with an extra issue on the fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Association forScience, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Now combined with The Scientific Monthly®. Second class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Co fOthe American Association for the Advancement of Science. Member rates on request. Annual subscription $30; foreign postage: Americas $4, overseas $6, air lift t S-Single copies $1 (back issues, $2) except Guide to ScIentific Instruments which is $4. School year subscription: 9 months $22.50; 10 months $25. New rates will become effe I Ma1974. Provide 6 weeks notice for change of address, giving new and old address and zip codes. Send a recent address label. Science is Indexed in the Reader's GuId to Periodical Literture.

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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

REPORTS Nitrification in Paleocene Shale: J. F. Power et al ......................... 1077

Monolayers and Microbial Dispersal: R. J. Bandoni and R. E. Koske ............ 1079

Host-Specific Phytotoxic Polysaccharide from Apple Tissue Infected by Eriviniaamvlovora: R. N. Goodman, J. S. Huang, P. Huiang .................... 1081

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Activation on Thymus Lymphocytes againstSyngeneic Brain Antigens in vitro: S. Orgad and I. R. Cohen .................. 1083

Arachidonic Acid Causes Sudden Death in Rabbits: M. J. Silver et al ............. 1085

Selective Pancreatic Enzyme Secretion due to a New Peptide CalledChymodenin: J. W. Adelson and S. S. Rothman ............................. 1087

Radioreceptor Assay for la,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D.,: P. F. Brulmibaugh .............. 1089Evidence that Enzyme Polymorphisms Are Selectively Neutral, but Blood Group

Polymorphisms Are Not: T. Yamazaki and T. Maruyama ..................... lo9Calcium Absorption and Calcium-Binding Protein Synthesis: Solanumn inalacoxylon

Reverses Strontium Inhibition: R. H. Wassermnan ............................ 1092Persistence of Cadmium-Induced Metabolic Changes in Liver and Kidney:

R. L. Singhal et al ............................................ 1094Ecto-Enzyme of Granulocytes: 5'-Nucleotidase: J. W. DePier-re and

M. L. Karnovsky ...................................................... 1096T'echniical Commlsents: The Size of Suspended Particle Matter in Air: K. T. Whitby

et al.; R. E. Lee, Jr.; Radiocarbon Dates for Earliest Domesticated Animalsfrom Europe and the Near East: R. Berger and R. Protsch ..................... 1098

Guide to Advertised Products ................................................ 1103

RUTH M. DAVIS CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDEN WILLIAM BEVANWARD H. GOODENOUGH CHAUNCEY STARR Treasurer Executive OfficerGEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G) ANTHROPOLOGY (H)Terah L. Smiley Beatrice M. Sweeney Bernice KaplanRamon E. Bisque Jane C. Kaltenbach Philleo NashMEDICAL SCIENCES (N) AGRICULTURE (0) INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P)Louis G. Welt Ned D. Bayley Gabor StrasserRichard J. Johns J. Lawrence Apple Robert L. SternSTATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHERIC AND HYDROSPHERIC GENERAL (X)John W. Tukey SCIENCES (W) Frederick SeitzEzra Glaser William R. Bandeen Joseph F. Coates

Stanley A. Changnon, Jr.

COVER

Mixed, nonferrous metals recoveredfrom municipal refuse. See page 1052.[H. Alter, National Center for Re-source Recovery, Inc., Washington,D.C.]

The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in1874. Its objects are to further the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among them, toimprove the ffecdiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and toincrease public under-standing and appreciation Of the Importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

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