March 10 – Comp Gov
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Transcript of March 10 – Comp Gov
March 10 – Comp Gov
Agenda:BriefsIntro to Nigeria
HW:Study for Giant Vocab Test
Take out:Briefs (Nigeria GroupNotebookPen/PencilHomework
NigeriaThe national motto: “Unity in Diversity”
The national question: “How is the country to be governed given its great diversity?”
Nigeria Basics
Size ≈ California + Oregon + Washington Niger Delta ≈ half the size of Washington
Population ≈ 175 million Life expectancy at birth ≈ 52 years GDP (PPP) ≈ $478 billion GDP per capita ≈ $2,800 per year (up!) Oil/Petroleum Products ≈ 90% of exports
Africa at Night
Africa at Night
Nigeria Oil and Poverty
Nigeria is eighth-largest oil producer in the world…
…but has to import gasoline, has widespread power outages and fuel shortages
$ 500 billion of oil extracted since 1970
≈ $ 400 billion “lost” since 1960 (EFCC)
Parastatals Corporate enterprises owned by the state and
established to provide specific commercial and social welfare services such as water, power, telecommunications, ag commodity boards, parts, and oil
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)
Nigeria Dangers of Oil
Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets)
Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing)
Increasing inequality
Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence)
Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability)
Nigeria Dangers of Oil
Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets)
Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing)
Increasing inequality
Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence)
Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability)
“greed
and
grievance”
Niger Delta Oil Fields
Onshore fields
Offshore fields
Niger Delta at Night
Gas Flares
Nigeria - Conflicts
Unemployment
Environmental degradation (flaring, spillage)
Resource contention
Intra-/Inter-community conflict
Protection rackets (private and public)
Illegal oil bunkering and theft
Kidnapping and hostage-taking
Issues
Poverty – 70% live below poverty line Large gap between rich and poor Health issues – high rates of
HIV/AIDS Literacy – higher than for many
nations in Africa but below world average
Urban/Rural Differences
Prebendalism
Disbursing of public offices and state rents to one’s ethnic-based clients.
Prebendalism deepened sectional cleavages eroded the resources of the state discouraged genuinely productive activity in civil
society expanded the class of individuals who live off state
patronage Transparency International lists Nigeria as
one of the world’s most corrupt nations