Marc KuchnerPrinceton University

Ground-Based Exoplanet Searches

Radial VelocityAstrometryTransits LensingPulsation TimingDisksDirect Detection

Timing:

Pulsars + White Dwarfs

t = z / c

Time Stamp on Each Pulse gives youMore Information than Doppler Shift

Pulsar planet interactions4.3, 3.9 M

Konacki & Wolszczan 2003

Mukadam et al. 2003

Einstein Ring

background star

Paczynski 1996

Microlensing Mao & Paczynski 1991

Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET)

V

days

caustic Planet near RE around

lensing star.

Lensing Stars/yr

OGLE-III: 500 MOA: 60

43 events from PLANET. Gaudi et al. 2003

Projected Separationunits of R

E

mostly M starshalfway to galacticcenter R

E~ 2.5 AU

If 3/4 of lenses hadplanets above thisline, they wouldhave been detected.

1/4

3/4

Direct Detection: Optical

Boo: A < 0.39 at i = 36R=1.2 R

J

(Leigh et al. 2003)

And: similar (Cameron et al. 2002)

star

star + planet

Direct Detection:Nulling (Mid+Near IR)

Achromatic Nuller

Conventional Beam Combiner

more

planet photons,

fewer

star photons

Keck Interferometer

Inside Quadratic Null:

star and planet are spectrallydegenerate ()

planet and flux are degenerate

VLTI:

Ground-based European Nulling Interferometer Experiment (GENIE)

MIDI first fringes

Direct Detection:Differential Phase(near IR)

center of lightBurrows 2000

2 m

5 m

Serabyn 2002

Large Binocular Telescope (LBT)

Antarctica:

Cold, Dry, and No High-AltitudeTurbulence

Nulling, AO, Differential Phase,Astrometry

Antarctic Planet Interferometer (API)

Astrometry

perturbationmagnified 30x !!

15 MJ

e=0.2 a=0.6 AUd=50 pc =50 mas/yrPerryman 2000

Stellar Planet Survey(STEPS)30 M stars

Astrometric Search for Planets Encircling Nearby Stars (ASPENS)100 stars

2 mas: 10 MJ in 4 years

1 MJ in 15 years

Direct Detection:Near Infrared

Simulated 15 minute H-band image

5 MJ planet/solar-type star

4096 actuators

Extreme Adaptive Optics

Planet Imager (XAOPI)

Bruce Macintosh, James

Graham et al.

1.6 arcseconds

Kuchner &Traub 2002

DirectDetection:

Radiocyclotron maser

[Kraus, RadioAstronomy, 1966]

Radio Bode's Law

HotJupiters ?

••

Zarka et al. 2001

Farrell, Desch & Zarka 1999

VLAGreen Bank TelescopeNancay Decametric ArrayArecibo

LOFAR : Farrell et al. 2003

ALMAHot YoungJupiter at 160 pc~10 mJy at 850 m

Disks

Eridani 15, 20 and 40 m

Moran, Kuchner & Holman 2003

Timing

Direct InfraredAstrometry and Lensing

Radial Velocity and Transits

log “Q”:

0

-2

Transits-4

-6

- Radial Velocity, Astrometry & Microlensing

Nulling Coronagraphy

spectral signal from hot Jupiterresidual stellar signal

Differential Phase

Doppler Tomography