MAPS Project Status - Imperial...Overview of the MAPS Project Sensor design and manufacture Sensor...
Transcript of MAPS Project Status - Imperial...Overview of the MAPS Project Sensor design and manufacture Sensor...
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
MAPS Project StatusCALICE-UK Meeting, Cambridge
Y. Mikami, O. Miller, V. Rajovic, N.K. Watson, J.A. Wilson(University of Birmingham)
J.A. Ballin, P.D. Dauncey, A.-M. Magnan, M. Noy(Imperial College London)
J.P. Crooks, M. Stanitzki, K.D. Stefanov,R. Turchetta, M. Tyndel, E.G. Villani(Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)
Presented by J. A. Ballin, HEP, Imperial College, [email protected]
20th September 2007
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 1 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Outline
1 Overview of the MAPS Project
2 Sensor design and manufacture
3 Sensor testing
4 Physics simulations
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 2 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
The MAPS ProjectA digital readout 50 ×50 µm pixel
Overview
50 ×50 µm pixel made with a 0.18 µm CMOS process and digital readout1012 pixels for a typical ILC detector – terapixel calorimetry
Expect a noise rate of 10−6 per pixel
Counting hits is the way to measure energy (also true of diode pad)
New INMAPS process improves charge collection efficiency (more in amoment)
Testing of first round sensor has just got underway!
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 3 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
The MAPS Project
Other points of note
Diode-pad and MAPS can share a common DAQ
Aims to preserve mechanical structure of ECAL
A technology designed for the Silicon component of the ECAL, but wecan be iventive in its deployment
Possible further benefits
Reduced PCB thickness: a slightly thinner ECAL; less shower spreadbetween layers
No ASIC: even power dissipation
Spread out logic: fewer SEUs
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 4 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Sensor designPrinciple of operation
Charge collection
A charged particle passing throughthe epitaxial (12 µm) layer createsfree charges to be collected byn-well diodes, creating a signal.
Sensor size
Size of sensor is chosen tominimise probability of more thanone particle passing through, whilenot increasing pixel number inECAL beyond an intractablenumber.
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 5 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Sensor designTwo architectures
Pre–shaper design Pre–sampler design
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 6 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Manufacture
New INMAPS process . . . All n-wells attract charges: this includes diodesand other electronic components.
Charge collection
Charge collection efficiencyincreased by shielding electronicswith a deep p-well layer: this is theINMAPS process.
First sensor complete!
First round sensor design returnedfrom manufacture in July.
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 7 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Sensor designSupporting system development
Sensor hasbeen wirebonded to aPCB
DAQ hardwareis working;firmware nearlycomplete
DAQ softwarefor PC dataacquisitionnearly complete
A Front-endDAQ Gui alsoexists
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 8 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Testing the sensorInital tests show sensor is alive
Since the sensor returned from testing
It has performed exactly as expected. Ahem.
No one has lost any sleep over it.
Jamie and Matt are the pictures of Zen.
Add Jamie’s table here
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 9 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Sensor simulation
To be done.
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 10 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Testing the sensorLaser setup at RAL
Use a laser to deposit charge in thepixel Allows us to validate andimprove our sensor simulations
Three wavelengths λ = 1064,523 and 355 nm.
2 µm focussing allows us tostudy charge spread betweenpixels
4 ns pulse, 50 Hz repetitionrate
Sub-MIP calibration with acooled Silicon referencedetector
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 11 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Testing the sensor
Cosmic test
MAPS sensors will be placed into an interleaving support structure (withTungsten) making a mini-ECAL of about 4 layers. Testing will be done atBirmingham.
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 12 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Testing the sensor
Source test
A Strontium β–source will be used at Imperial. Scintillators will provide atrigger source.
Beam test
Possibility of taking the sensor in its interleaved support structure to DESYlater this year (optimistic?), or Fermilab next year.
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 13 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Charge sharing and digitisation
MAPS is not just an “on/off” pixel system!
Charge diffuses across pixel boundary, potentially causing neighbouringpixels to trigger if charge collected is above threshold
Need to cluster hits to avoid double-counting the true energy deposition
Requires a full simulation of pixel at the 5 µm level
P(noise hit) = 10−6 per pixel⇒ 106 pixels fire per event in LDC01Sc(e.g. 3 noise hits expected in a 1.5 cm radius tower, compared with 1000signal hits for 10 GeV photon).
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 14 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Digitisation procedure
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 15 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Charge sharing — effect on energy resolution
Optimistic scenario
Perfect p-well: (All charge collectedby diodes) Long plateau implies alarge choice for the threshold
Pessimisitic scenario
Central n-well: (Ineffective deepp-well layer) Minimum of energyresolution still ocurrs in the sameplace as optimistic case.
threshold (keV)0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
(E)/
Eσ
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
basic clustering IDEAL
basic clustering PERFECT P-WELL
basic clustering CENTRAL N-WELL
(E)/E vs Threshold, photon 20 GeV σ
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 16 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Overview of software workflow
Physics studies getting underway — e.g. e+e− → Z + H Really want to pushcalorimeter as hard as possible!
Standard ECAL MAPS ECAL
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 17 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Using PandoraPFA and MAPS
A first look. . . Calibrations have been made by hand for Pandora andMAPS1. Results are promising! (LDC01Sc used)
20 GeV photon, Standard ECAL
fPFAudsEntries 1000Mean 20.04
RMS 1.072Underflow 0Overflow 0Integral 1000
/ ndf 2χ 39.69 / 14Constant 8.6± 202.5 Mean 0.03± 20.08 Sigma 0.03± 0.95
Photon energy (GeV)15 20 25 300
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220fPFAuds
Entries 1000Mean 20.04
RMS 1.072Underflow 0Overflow 0Integral 1000
/ ndf 2χ 39.69 / 14Constant 8.6± 202.5 Mean 0.03± 20.08 Sigma 0.03± 0.95
Std photon calibration (20 GeV)
20 GeV photon, MAPS ECALfPFAuds
Entries 999
Mean 20.11
RMS 1.799
Underflow 0
Overflow 0
Integral 999
/ ndf 2χ 34.77 / 10Constant 7.2± 162.9 Mean 0.04± 20.12 Sigma 0.034± 1.117
Photon energy (GeV)5 10 15 20 25 300
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
fPFAudsEntries 999
Mean 20.11
RMS 1.799
Underflow 0
Overflow 0
Integral 999
/ ndf 2χ 34.77 / 10Constant 7.2± 162.9 Mean 0.04± 20.12 Sigma 0.034± 1.117
Photon calibration (20 GeV)
1Without complete digitisation applied!J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 18 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Z → uds pole
Standard ECAL
fPFAL7AEntries 1238Mean 90.47RMS 6.205Underflow 0Overflow 0Integral 1238
/ ndf 2χ 167.8 / 68p0 0.17± 89.17 p1 0.343± 7.892 p2 19.6± 626.1
)2Z Mass (GeV/c70 80 90 100 110 1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
fPFAL7AEntries 1238Mean 90.47RMS 6.205Underflow 0Overflow 0Integral 1238
/ ndf 2χ 167.8 / 68p0 0.17± 89.17 p1 0.343± 7.892 p2 19.6± 626.1
Std Z pole calibration
MAPS ECAL
fPFAL7AEntries 1492
Mean 90.03
RMS 4.739
Underflow 0
Overflow 0Integral 1492
/ ndf 2χ 136.9 / 55p0 0.13± 90.49 p1 0.234± 6.235 p2 22.1± 794.8
)2Z mass (GeV/c60 70 80 90 100 110 120 1300
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
fPFAL7AEntries 1492
Mean 90.03
RMS 4.739
Underflow 0
Overflow 0Integral 1492
/ ndf 2χ 136.9 / 55p0 0.13± 90.49 p1 0.234± 6.235 p2 22.1± 794.8
MAPS Z pole calibration (T < 0.7)
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 19 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Using PandoraPFA and MAPS
Towards an optimised algorithm?
Pandora’s performance =f (transversethrust)?
Missidentification of photons asneutral hadrons.
Results are very preliminary:calibration is subjective; have not yetincluded full charge sharing model.
Pandora’s performance with MAPSvs. Std concept = open question
Standard ECAL Z mass and TtranspandoraMZAndThrust_pfy
Entries 2000Mean 0.4261Mean y 91.37RMS 0.2696RMS y 11.27Underflow 0Overflow 0Integral 1817
/ ndf 2χ 24.64 / 18p0 0.44± 93.66 p1 0.904± -4.893
transT0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
)2
Z M
ass
(GeV
/c
86
88
90
92
94
pandoraMZAndThrust_pfy
Entries 2000Mean 0.4261Mean y 91.37RMS 0.2696RMS y 11.27Underflow 0Overflow 0Integral 1817
/ ndf 2χ 24.64 / 18p0 0.44± 93.66 p1 0.904± -4.893
histogramtrans and TZProfile of m
So, once again, performance = detector + software
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 20 / 21
-
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufacture
Sensor testingPhysics simulations
Studies on beam background
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 21 / 21
-
Review
Summary of concepts
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 22 / 21
-
Review
Project status
MAPS exists!
Testing has started, expect results soonPhysics studies underway
have demonstrated that, to zeroeth order at least, MAPS is competitiveopen questions: pixel size; pixel shape; dead area; epitaxial layer thickness;INMAPS performance?what ECAL resolution do we need to analyse the physics channels ofinterest?
Test data will guide our characterisation of its behaviourbetter understanding⇒ optimised reconstruction⇒ optimised second round design
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 23 / 21
-
Review
Fin.
J. A. Ballin, MAPS Project Status 20th September 2007 Foil 24 / 21
Overview of the MAPS ProjectSensor design and manufactureSensor testingPhysics simulationsAppendixReview