Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.
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Transcript of Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.
![Page 1: Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042603/56649cba5503460f94981541/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Maps
DirectionsDistance
Reading mapsReading map legendsLatitude & Longitude
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What are maps?
• Maps are pictures or representations of the Earth's surface.
• They show how places are related to each other by distance, direction, and size.
• Maps are a way of showing a part of the Earth's surface on a flat piece of paper.
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What happens when you make a flat map of our round earth?
• Maps are flat but they are made to represent an area that is on a sphere, Earth.
• This can cause what is called distortion (changes in the shape of an object).
• The areas of a map closest to the equator have little distortion.
• The closer a map moves towards the poles the more distorted the map becomes.
• For example, Greenland appears to be much larger on a map than it really is.
![Page 4: Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042603/56649cba5503460f94981541/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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What is distortion?• Maps are flat but they are made to
represent an area that is on a sphere, Earth.
• This can cause what is called distortion (changes in the shape of an object).
• The areas of a map closest to the equator have little distortion.
• The closer a map moves towards the poles the more distorted the map becomes.
• For example, Greenland appears to be much larger on a map than it really is.
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Who is a cartographer?
• A person who makes maps is called a cartographer.
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What is a compass rose?• A map includes a compass rose that
shows direction. • Cardinal Directions are the four base
parts on a compass. • The top point is called north and the
point at the bottom is south. • The side points are called east and
west. • The points in between the cardinal
directions are called intermediate directions.
• These include northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast.
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What are cardinal directions?• A map includes a compass rose that
shows direction. • Cardinal Directions are the four base
parts on a compass. • The top point is called north and the
point at the bottom is south. • The side points are called east and
west. • The points in between the cardinal
directions are called intermediate directions.
• These include northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast.
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What are intermediate directions?• A map includes a compass rose that
shows direction. • Cardinal Directions are the four base
parts on a compass. • The top point is called north and the
point at the bottom is south. • The side points are called east and
west. • The points in between the cardinal
directions are called intermediate directions.
• These include northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast.
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Do you know: North, South, East, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest?
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Do you know: North, South, East, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest?
Northwest Northeast
West East
South
North
Southwest Southeast
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North & South?
South
North
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East & West
West East
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Northeast & Northwest
Northwest Northeast
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Southeast & Southwest
Southwest Southeast
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Map Keys• Maps have keys. • The objects on a map are represented using
symbols. • A symbol is a picture on the map that represents
something in the real world. • To understand the symbols on a map you need a
key. • Maps use a key, or legend to explain the
meaning of each of the symbols used in the map. • The key usually shows a small picture of each of
the symbols used on the map, along with a written description of the meaning of each symbol.
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There are many map symbols . . .
Source: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YU8ZYhiv17g/TdaIXnqtEhI/AAAAAAAADGg/vcyYyfpDXkw/s1600/map_symbols1.gif
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How can you find locations on the Earth’s surface?
• We can identify locations on the Earth's surface by using a grid system of latitude and longitude.
• Latitude gives a north and south direction and longitude gives an east and west direction.
• This system helps us in measuring distances and finding directions between places on the Earth's surface.
• The starting point is the prime meridian, with represents 0º longitude.
• The exact opposite position at 180º is called the International Date Line, which is where the date actually changes.
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What is Latitude?• We can identify locations on the Earth's
surface by using a grid system of latitude and longitude.
• Latitude gives a north and south direction and longitude gives an east and west direction.
• This system helps us in measuring distances and finding directions between places on the Earth's surface.
• The starting point is the prime meridian, with represents 0º longitude.
• The exact opposite position at 180º is called the International Date Line, which is where the date actually changes.
![Page 19: Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042603/56649cba5503460f94981541/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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What is longitude?
• We can identify locations on the Earth's surface by using a grid system of latitude and longitude.
• Latitude gives a north and south direction and longitude gives an east and west direction.
• (Longitude are the LONG lines)• This system helps us in measuring distances
and finding directions between places on the Earth's surface.
• The starting point is the prime meridian, with represents 0º longitude.
• The exact opposite position at 180º is called the International Date Line, which is where the date actually changes.
![Page 20: Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042603/56649cba5503460f94981541/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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How do we use the system of longitude and latitude?
• We can identify locations on the Earth's surface by using a grid system of latitude and longitude.
• Latitude gives a north and south direction and longitude gives an east and west direction.
• This system helps us in measuring distances and finding directions between places on the Earth's surface.
• The starting point is the prime meridian, with represents 0º longitude.
• The exact opposite position at 180º is called the International Date Line, which is where the date actually changes.
![Page 21: Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042603/56649cba5503460f94981541/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
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What is Prime Meridian?• We can identify locations on the Earth's
surface by using a grid system of latitude and longitude.
• Latitude gives a north and south direction and longitude gives an east and west direction.
• This system helps us in measuring distances and finding directions between places on the Earth's surface.
• The starting point is the Prime Meridian, with represents 0º longitude.
• The exact opposite position at 180º is called the International Date Line, which is where the date actually changes.
![Page 22: Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042603/56649cba5503460f94981541/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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What is the International Date Line?
• We can identify locations on the Earth's surface by using a grid system of latitude and longitude.
• Latitude gives a north and south direction and longitude gives an east and west direction.
• This system helps us in measuring distances and finding directions between places on the Earth's surface.
• The starting point is the prime meridian, with represents 0º longitude.
• The exact opposite position at 180º is called the International Date Line, which is where the date actually changes.
![Page 23: Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042603/56649cba5503460f94981541/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
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What is a climate map?
• Climate Maps - give general information about the climate and precipitation (rain and snow) of a region.
• Cartographers, or mapmakers, use colors to show different climate or precipitation zones.
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What are economic or resource maps?
• Economic or Resource Maps - feature the major types of natural resources or economic activity in an area.
• Cartographers use symbols to show the locations of natural resources or economic activities.
• For example, wheat on a map of Maryland tells you that wheat is grown there.
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What is a physical map?
• Physical Maps - illustrate the physical features of an area, such as the mountains, rivers and lakes.
• The water is usually shown in blue. Colors are used to show relief—differences in land elevations.
• Green is usually used at lower elevations, and orange or brown show higher elevations.
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What are Street or Road Maps?
• Street Maps/Road Maps - street maps illustrate smaller areas such as towns and cities.
• People use street maps to find directions to a place they want to go.
• A road map shows the highways or interstates.
• These maps are also used to find directions.
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Political Maps
• Political Maps - do not show physical features.
• Instead, they show state and national boundaries and capital and major cities.
• A capital city is usually marked with a star within a circle.
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What is a topographic map?• Topographic Maps - include contour lines
to show the shape and elevation of an area.
• Lines that are close together show steep terrain, and lines that are far apart show flat terrain.
• Many hikers use topographic maps, especially in areas where there are no roads with signs.
• Geologists depend on topographic maps to record the types of rocks.
• Engineers use topographic maps when they are planning roads, buildings, or other human–made structures.
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What does it mean when the lines are close together?
• Topographic Maps - include contour lines to show the shape and elevation of an area.
• Lines that are close together show steep terrain, and lines that are far apart show flat terrain.
• Many hikers use topographic maps, especially in areas where there are no roads with signs.
• Geologists depend on topographic maps to record the types of rocks.
• Engineers use topographic maps when they are planning roads, buildings, or other human–made structures.
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How would a topographic map be used?
• Topographic Maps - include contour lines to show the shape and elevation of an area.
• Lines that are close together show steep terrain, and lines that are far apart show flat terrain.
• Many hikers use topographic maps, especially in areas where there are no roads with signs.
• Geologists depend on topographic maps to record the types of rocks.
• Engineers use topographic maps when they are planning roads, buildings, or other human–made structures.
![Page 31: Maps Directions Distance Reading maps Reading map legends Latitude & Longitude 1.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042603/56649cba5503460f94981541/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
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What are map scales?• Maps have scales. • Maps are scaled down so that they fit
on paper. • When scaling down a map, every part of
the map is scaled by the same amount. • This is done to make sure that every
object on the map is the same proportion as everything else on the map.
• Because the Earth is round, and maps are flat, it is impossible to create a map with a perfect scale.
• Some parts of the map will be too large, while others will be too small.
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What is a scale?A scale is something that tells you how the distance on the map compares to the distance on the ground.
Source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/scale.html
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What is a representative fraction?One unit of length on the map represents 500,000 of that same unit on the ground. For example, 1 inch on the map = 500,000 inches on the ground. One cm on the map represents 500,000 cms on the ground. And so on.
Source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/scale.html
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What is a bar scale?A bar scale is a graphic representation of distance. It shows, visually, what distance on the map represents a unit of distance on the ground. In this case, the distances on the map that represent miles and kilometers are shown.
Source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/scale.html
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What is statement of equivalency?A statement of equivalency is how many miles on the ground one inch on the map represents.
Take Representative Fraction 1:500,000500,000/63,360 inches per mile = 7.89 so1 inch = 7.9 miles
Source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/scale.html
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Sample of Statement of equivalency
Source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/scale.html
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Sample of Bar Scale
Source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/scale.html
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Sample of Statement of equivalency
Source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/scale.html