Mapping brain activity to ‘phantom' taste in thermal tasters · M. Skinner*1,2, R. Ford1, S....
Transcript of Mapping brain activity to ‘phantom' taste in thermal tasters · M. Skinner*1,2, R. Ford1, S....
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M. Skinner*1,2, R. Ford1, S. Eldeghaidy2, S. Francis2, J. Hort1.
Mapping brain activity to
‘phantom' taste in thermal tasters
1 Sensory Science Centre, University of Nottingham, UK. 2Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
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What is thermal taster status?
Two phenotypes identified
• Thermal taster (TT)
• Thermal non taster (TnT)
• Salty • Umami • Metallic • Minty • Spicy
WARMING TRIAL
COOLING TRIAL
Bitter
Sour
TT’s more sensitive to other oral stimuli
• Taste
• Trigeminal (Hort et al, 2016; Green & George, 2004)
Sweet
Food Choice?
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(Cruz & Green, 2000)
(Yang et al, 2014)
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Testing for TT status
Warming trial
gLMS
Cooling trial
(Cruz & Green, 2000)
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Exploring thermal taste
Multidisciplinary approach • Sensory Science & functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Perceptual response • Captured by Sensory Science techniques
Brain activation • Captured by fMRI techniques
Time
On
Off Off Off Off Off
Stimulus
On On On
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• Activated brain areas require more oxygen
• Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast
• Brain activation maps
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Study aims
Perceptual response • Can we identify the temperature range at which phantom
taste is perceived during the warming and cooling trials? • Does this differ across TT’s?
Brain response • Do we see activation in the gustatory cortex when phantom
taste is reported?
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What mechanism drives phantom taste?
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Traditional testing
Screening
• Classify TT/TnT
Warming trial Cooling trial
2 replicates
12 thermal tasters recruited
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gLMS
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Modified phantom taste testing
• 10 replicates
Temporal response
Rating Rating
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Reproducibility of phantom taste
• Phantom taste is reproducibly reported across replicates • Phantom taste is reproducibly reported across replicates • Phantom taste is reported at a certain temperature range
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Temperature & phantom taste
A different response is reported for phantom taste and temperature
Subject 01
Warming trial
Cooling trial
Subject 08
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Inter-individual responses
Warming trial
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• Phantom taste is reported during a certain temperature range • The response is variable across TT’s
Inter-individual responses
Cooling trial
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fMRI brain imaging
• 3 T Philips Achieva scanner, 32-element SENSE head coil
• fMRI data acquired with double-echo gradient EPI (TE: 20 ms, 45 ms),
3mm3 isotropic voxel size, 36 transverse slices, TR = 2.5 s
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fMRI testing
Control task
Subject 01
Subject 10
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What does the brain show?
Brain activation in regions associated with taste processing
Taste cortex
(anterior insula)
Gustatory nerve fibres are activated by temperature in TT’s 14
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• Could co-innervation of gustatory and trigeminal nerves
innervating the fungiform papillae be involved? (Hort et al, 2016)
Conclusions
• The temperature range at which
phantom taste is perceived can be
isolated, but is variable across TT’s
• Brain regions associated with taste processing are
activated in response to temperature stimulation,
accounting for the perceived ‘phantom’ taste
Is ‘phantom taste’ really a phantom? 15
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SSC
• Martha Skinner
• Joanne Hort
• Rebecca Ford
Acknowledgments
Thank you for your attention!
SPMIC
• Susan Francis
• Sally Eldeghaidy
Unilever
• Anna Thomas
• Marco Hoeksma
• Timo Giesbrecht
www.nottingham.ac.uk/biosciences/research/research-themes/taste-map/taste-map.aspx 16