Mapping a Discipline

Revealing EDM’s Body of Knowledge Using Co-Citation

Networks

Joseph G. Martin III, M.A.American Military University

Independent Researcherjmartiniii1968@att.net

Joseph.Martin2@redcross.org

Disciplinary Bodies of Knowledge Are Key to Questions of Disciplinary/Professional Status

DISCIPLINARY BODIES OF KNOWLEDGE: ACADEMIC, SCIENTIFIC, AND PROFESSIONAL TOTALITY OF DISCIPLINE’S KNOWLEDGE BUILT SYSTEMATICALLY DISTINCT BUT OVERLAP WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES IS

POSSIBLE MOSTLY CREATED FROM WITHIN DISCIPLINE ABSTRACT OR CONCRETE MEDICINE=ABSTRACT CIVIL ENGINEERING= CONCRETE (BOK DOCUMENT)

There is a Distinction: Medicine as Both Scientific and Professional Discipline

FAMILY PRACTITIONER, NEUROLOGIST, INTERNIST, NEUROSURGEON, PATHOLOGIST,

PSYCHIATRIST...

Chemistry Biology Physics English

Application and Practice/ Specialization/Law/Ethics

Human Anatomy

Medical Biochemistry

Genetics

Immunology Neuroscience

FoundationDisciplines

BasicMedical/

BiomedicalSciences

Clinical Medicine

Professional Practice

Math

Histology

Embryology Medical Physics

SCIENTIFIC

PROFESSIONAL

SCIENTIFIC & ACADEMIC

DISCIPLINARY STATUS OF EMERGENCY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT (EDM)

CAN EDM’S BODY OF KNOWLEDGE BE EMPIRICALLY VERIFIED AND EXAMINED???

1) If EDM is an academic/scientific discipline, then it possesses a distinct, systematic, body of knowledge.

2) If EDM has a professional discipline, then there is also a distinct, systematic, body of knowledge regarding current acceptable application and practice.

3) Many authors have asserted that EDM possesses an adequate body of knowledge...

“Co-citation occurs when any two works appear in the

references of a third work. The authors of the two co-cited

works are co-cited authors. If the co-cited works appeared in

two different journals, the latter are co-cited journals”

(White and McCain, as cited in Borner et al., 2003, p. 11)

Selected Co-citation Studies

CITESCITES

CITES

CITE

S

White and McCain (1998) Information Science, 1972-1995

Chen (2006) Mass Extinction; Terrorism

Vargas-Quesada, de Moya-Anegon, Chinchilla-Rodriguez, & Gonzalez-Molina (2006)

Co-citation analysis and mapping of Web of Science categories for all indexed articles produced in the United States in 2002; all Chinese scientific literature 1990 and 2002.

Reid & Chen (2007) Terrorism research

Vargas-Quesada & de Moya-Anegon (2007)

Category co-citation of world scientific literature 2002; comparison EU and US domains, 2002; evolution of Spanish scientific literature 1990-2002.

Dwivedi, Lal, Mustafee, & Williams (2009)

Analysis of articles published in Information Systems Frontiers, 1999-2008

Zhao & Wang (2011) Ubiquitous ComputingChen, Hu, Liu, & Tseng (2012) Regenerative Medicine

Rorissa & Yuan (2012) Information Retrieval

Basic Co-citation Analysis and Visualization Using CiteSpace II

2Prepare

Data

3Decide

CiteSpace IIParameters

4 Run

CiteSpace IIAnalysis

5Qualitative

NetworkAnalysis

1Obtain Raw

Data

Source Journals in Dataset

Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice and Science 2004-2012 37

Disaster Advances 2008-2012 81

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2007-2012 200

Disaster Prevention and Management 2009-2012 110

Disasters 1994-2012 471

Environmental Hazards: Human and Policy Dimensions 2009-2012 30

Global Environmental Change: Human and Policy Dimensions 2003-2012 41

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 2006-2012 170

Natural Hazards 1994-2013 1340

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2004-2012 101

Natural Hazards Review 2009-2012 65

Public Administration Review 2001-2012 39

Administration and Society 2006-2012 9

TOTAL SOURCE ARTICLES: 2694

Years Articles

Author-Keyword Co-Citation Networks

ACA-Keyword Network1994-Feb 201320 Years in 1 Slice650 Most Cited/Co-occurring in Slice

Detail ACA-Keyword Network1994-Feb 201320 Years in 1 Slice650 Most Cited/Co-occurring in Slice

High-Centrality Nodes=pink ring

Document-Keyword Co-Citation Networks

Journal Co-Citation Networks

The Discipline of Disaster Studies and Sciences (DSS)

Disciplinary Bodies of Knowledge Are a Key to Understanding Questions of Disciplinary/Professional Status

ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES OFTEN HAVE ABSTRACT BODIES OF KNOWLEDGE.

MANY PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINES HAVE CONCRETE “BODY OF KNOWLEDGE” (BOK) DOCUMENTS.

LONGSTANDING PROFESSIONS (E.G. MEDICINE; LAW) THAT HAVE ACCUMULATED A VAST BODY OF KNOWLEDGE TEND NOT TO HAVE BOKS : WELL-DESIGNED CERTIFICATION AND LICENSING EXAMINATIONS BECOME THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PROFESSION’S BODY OF KNOWLEDGE.

Disciplinary Bodies of Knowledge Are a Key to Understanding Questions of Disciplinary/Professional Status

ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES OFTEN HAVE ABSTRACT BODIES OF KNOWLEDGE.

MANY PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINES HAVE CONCRETE “BODY OF KNOWLEDGE” (BOK) DOCUMENTS.

LONGSTANDING PROFESSIONS (E.G. MEDICINE; LAW) THAT HAVE ACCUMULATED A VAST BODY OF KNOWLEDGE TEND NOT TO HAVE BOKS : WELL-DESIGNED CERTIFICATION AND LICENSING EXAMINATIONS BECOME THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PROFESSION’S BODY OF KNOWLEDGE.

POSSESSION OF A UNIQUE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE IS FREQUENTLY IDENTIFIED AS ONE OF THE DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC,

SCIENTIFIC, AND PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINES.

• Totality of a discipline’s knowledge

• Distinct but can overlap with other disciplines

• Mostly created from within the discipline

• Abstract or Concrete

• Abstract= comprehensive exam

• Concrete= formal BOK or CBOK

A Body of Knowledge Is:

Does EM have a Distinct Body of Knowledge?

• MANY AUTHORS HAVE ASSERTED, BUT NOT SHOWN, THAT EM HAS A DISTINCT/UNIQUE BODY OF

KNOWLEDGE• AN IDENTIFIABLE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE

SUPPORTS CLAIMS THAT EM IS A DISCIPLINE, A PROFESSION, OR BOTH

• TO BE DISTINCT/UNIQUE, THE MAJORITY OF THE BODY SHOULD NOT BE ABLE TO

BE CLAIMED BY ONE, OR LIMITED NUMBER, OF EXISTING DISCIPLINES.• PROFESSIONAL EM HAS NO BOK

DISCIPLINES AND BODIES OF KNOWLEDGE

1) Academic, scientific, and professional disciplines possess distinct, systematic, bodies of knowledge.

2) Professions/Professional Disciplines require at least two interrelated systematic bodies of knowledge: • The body/bodies of knowledge from

the academic/scientific discipline(s) the profession is built upon.

• A body of knowledge distinct to the profession regarding currently accepted application and practice.