Map of the Human Body

Chapter 2 A and PHealth Sciences

mmoyer@mbit.org

Positions

• Supine• Prone• Trendelenburg• Fowler’s• Video • Lab

Body Positions

• Anatomical – Standardized for all anatomy – A Upright position – B Feet apart – C Palms Up – D Face forward

Pathology Connections

• Relative to certain clinical scenarios• Trendelenburg– Postural drainage – AVOID with ICP – why??– AVOID pc for 2-4 hours– why??

Pathological Connections

• Sim’s– Rectal procedures

• Prone/Supine– Examinations

• Fowler’s – Orthopnea– Drainage– Orthostatic Hypotension

Body Planes

• Frontal or Coronal Plane – Divides body into Front and Back

• Median Plane – Left and Right sides – Mid Sagittal = halves– Sagittal – left and right sections

• Transverse- – Divides body into Upper and lower sections

Directional Terms

• Superior ( Cranial or Cephalic)• Inferior ( Caudal)• Medial • Lateral • Anterior ( Ventral )• Posterior ( Dorsal) • Distal • Proximal

Directional Terms

• External • Internal • Superficial • Deep – under the surface body • Central – locations around center of body • Peripheral – surrounding outer regions body

Body Cavities

• House or protect organs • Ventral – Thoracic• Mediastinal/ pericardial cavityAbdominal pelvic

• Dorsal Cavity – Cranial – Spinal

Body Cavities

• Regions of the Spinal Column – Cervical C1-C7– Thoracic T1-T12– Lumbar L1-L5– Sacral S(fused S1-S5– Coccyx Tail Bone

• Cavities located in the skull – Nasal– Oral /Buccal – Orbital

Body Cavities

Body Regions

• Abdominal

Abdominal Quadrants • http://quizlet.com/1847323/organs-found-in-

the-four-abdominal-quadrants-flash-cards/

• http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/MedTech/NurseCare/GastroNurse01.asp?iNum=17

• http://quizlet.com/2692067/body-cavities-flash-cards/

Terms used to Describe the Body • Antecubital elbow- BP• Antebrachial forearm • Axillary – arm pit • Brachial – bicep area • Buccal- mouth • Digital fingers • Carpal wrist – Carpel tunnel • Cervical neck • Lateral – away from • Bi Lateral both sides • Ipsilateral – same side • Contralateral opposite side

Areas of the Body

• Femoral • Gluteal • Lumbar• Nasal • Oral • Orbital • Patellar• Plantar• Pubic• Sternal • Thoracic

Radiology

• Science of Viewing the body• Diagnostic Pathway• High energy radiation that penetrates the

body • Provides 2 dimensional views

X-ray

• Air- Black on film • Tissue/fat thicker area lighter the images • Water- mid range density more

dense than air less than bone• Bone/metal highest density-absorbs most

radiation – film image white

Problems/ concerns X-ray • One dimensional• Terms – PA- upright position – chest in front of film radiation

moves from back to front (PA)- Shoulders commonly rotated distance 6ft

– AP- back against cassette- distance 48inches – portable xray

– Lateral – from side – perception of 3D

–

Radiology

• MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Greater detail – No radiation – Precautions

• CT – Computerized Tomography – Thin slices – 3D view – Reveals true depth of tumor