Manufacturing Unit 5, Lesson 2 Explanation Presentation 5.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and...
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Transcript of Manufacturing Unit 5, Lesson 2 Explanation Presentation 5.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and...
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Manufacturing
Unit 5, Lesson 2Explanation
Presentation 5.2.1
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
![Page 2: Manufacturing Unit 5, Lesson 2 Explanation Presentation 5.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM Center for.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649efa5503460f94c0bb93/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Unit Big Idea
The designed world is the product of a design process, which provides
ways to turn resources - materials, tools and machines, people,
information, energy, capital, and time - into products and services.
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Lesson Big Idea
Manufacturing technologies produce quality goods at low prices, and apply the properties of materials to ensure the desired function of
a product.
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Material Properties
The physical properties of the material are a basic reason for selecting the material
The performance of a product requires various behaviors and types of properties. Example, a material could have
particularly desirable electrical conductivity properties and perform poorly in maximum strength.
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Material Properties
Often a compromise/trade-off among the needed properties must be made To be consistent with the processing
selected And the structural state desired or
possible.
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Categories of Materials
Materials can be categorized as the following: Metals Ceramics Plastics Semiconductors Composites
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Metals
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Materials that are normally combinations of metallic elements.
Elements, when combined, have electrons that are non-localized, As a consequence, have generic types
of properties.
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Metals
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Quite strong, but malleable Lustrous look when polished.
Examples: copper, aluminum, titanium
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Ceramics
Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
Include such compounds as oxides, nitrides, and carbides.
They are insulating and resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments. Examples: clay, tungsten carbide,
alumina, glass
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Plastics & Polymers
Organic compounds based upon carbon and hydrogen.
Very large molecular structures. Low density, not stable at high
temperatures. Two types:
Thermoset (can be melted and shaped once) Thermoplastic (can be melted and reshaped) Examples: nylon, polystyrene, rubber
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Semiconductors
Electrical properties intermediate between metallic conductors and ceramic insulators.
Electrical properties are strongly dependent upon small amounts of impurities. Examples: silicon,
germanium
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Composites
Composites consist of more than one distinct material type. Examples: Fiberglass, a combination
of glass and a polymer, concrete, plywood
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Reflection
Think about where you are sitting. What types of materials are surrounding you?
Is your computer, laptop, or cell phone made of more than one type of material?
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Properties of Materials
Properties of Materials can be categorized: Mechanical Electrical Magnetic Optical and Dielectric Thermal
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Mechanical Properties
Tensile strength: measuring of resistance to being pulled apart
Fracture toughness: the ability of a material containing a crack to resist fracture
Fatigue strength: ability of material to resist various kinds of rapidly changing stresses
Creep strength: ability of a metal to withstand a constant weight or force at elevated temperatures
Hardness: property of a material to resist permanent indentation
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Electrical Properties
Conductivity: measure of how well a material accommodates the movement of an electric charge
Resistivity: opposition of a material to the flow of electrical current
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Magnetic Properties
Magnetic susceptibility : ratio of magnetization (M) to magnetic field (H)
Curie temperature : temperature at which a material will lose magnetism
Saturation magnetization: state reached when an increase in applied external magnetizing field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further
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Thermal Properties
Coefficient of thermal expansion: how much a material will expand for each degree of temperature increase
Heat capacity: amount of heat required to change a material’s temperature by a given amount
Thermal conductivity: indicates a material’s ability to conduct heat
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Manufacturing
How do we apply the properties of materials?
Engineers use the material properties to select appropriate materials for product production.
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Manufacturing Processes
Primary processes Turn raw materials into standard
stock (timber cut into boards) Secondary processes
Turn standard stock into finish products (boards turned into furniture)
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Manufacturing Types
Final manufactured Products can be one of three types: Custom Batch Continuous
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Custom Manufacturing
One of kind item made by a specialist Product examples: yacht, clothing,
purse
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Batch Manufacturing
Products are made in batches. The components of a product are
completed at a workstation before they move to the next one. Product Examples:
bakery items, paints, special edition shoes
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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ContinuousManufacturing
Products are made with no interruption to the production line from the input to output. Product examples: cars, food
products, bricks
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Interchangeable Parts
The invention of interchangeable parts in the 1700s innovated manufacturing.
Interchangeable parts are parts that are identical, meaning to replace the part, you do not have to make a custom piece. There is already one the same size.
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Interchangeable Parts
The interchangeability of parts increased the effectiveness of all manufacturing processes. An example would be a windshield
wiper blade that can be used on multiple vehicle models.
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology