Manual de usuario Linux Mandrake.pdf

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Linux-Mandrake

User Guide

MandrakeSoft

November 2000

http://www.linux-mandrake.com/


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Linux-Mandrake : User Guideby MandrakeSoft

Copyright © 1999, 2000 by MandrakeSoft


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Table of Contents

Preface..............................................................................................15

Legal Notice .............................................................................15

Authors and translators ............................................................15

Tools used in the making of this manual..................................16

Note From the Editor ...............................................................16

Conventions used in this book..................................................17

Typing conventions..........................................................17

General conventions ........................................................18

1. Some words before you begin the installation ..........................21Welcome! .................................................................................21

2. WARNING - README..............................................................23

3. Before setup .................................................................................25

Configuring your BIOS ............................................................25

Creating a “bootdisk”...............................................................25

Under Windows ...............................................................26

Under GNU/ Linux ..........................................................29Supported hardware .................................................................30

What’s not supported.......................................................30

Collecting information on your hardware .......................32

4. Using Lnx4Win .............................................................................37

5. Disks and partitions ....................................................................39

Structure of a hard disk ............................................................39

Sectors .............................................................................39

Partitions..........................................................................39

Define the structure of your disk .....................................40

Conventions for naming the disks and partitions .....................43

6. Installation with DrakX ...............................................................47

Introduction to the Linux-Mandrake installer........................47

Installation class .......................................................................49

Determine the main usage of your machine.............................50

Disk detection and configuration .............................................52

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Configuring your mouse...........................................................52

Configuring the Keyboard........................................................54

Miscellaneous options..............................................................55Selecting the mount points .......................................................56

Install over an existing Windows installation..................57

Install over an existing GNU/ Linux installation.............58

Install on a blank hard-drive............................................60

Choose packages to install .......................................................62

Multiple CDROM installation..................................................66

Configure your network ...........................................................66

Configure timezone ..................................................................68Configure your printer..............................................................69

Root password..........................................................................73

Adding a user ...........................................................................74

Boot disk ..................................................................................76

Installing a bootloader..............................................................77

Configuring X , the graphical server .........................................79

Define an optional default user ................................................82

It’s finished!..............................................................................83How to uninstall GNU/ Linux ..................................................84

7. Introduction to the User Guide..................................................85

8. Linux for Beginners ....................................................................87

Introduction ..............................................................................87

How to Begin and End Your Session .......................................87

Identify Yourself..............................................................88

Close Your Session..........................................................91

Using Your Graphical Environment .........................................94

Elements Displayed.........................................................94

Managing Windows and Desktops ..................................98

Software Accessibility...................................................103

9. Using KDE 2 ................................................................................105

Discovering your universe......................................................105

Help wanted ! ................................................................105

Files and directory : the File Manager...........................108

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Miscellaneous tools .......................................................114

Command line ...............................................................116

Customizing your universe.....................................................117General appearance .......................................................117

Creating icons................................................................120

Backgrounds and virtual desktops.................................125

Internet work ..........................................................................129

Browsing the Web .........................................................129

Downloading files..........................................................131

10. Configuring Internet connections with DrakNet ...............133

ISDN connections ..................................................................133ADSL and DSL connections..................................................135

Cable connections ..................................................................136

PPP connections .....................................................................136

Connecting to the Internet .................................................138

11. Mandrake specific graphic user tools....................................141

Xdrakres : Change the resolution of your display................143

XFDrake : Modify your hardware settings for the display.....145DrakBoot : change your boot-up settings..............................146

Formatting a floppy disk: drakfloppy ........................146

Create a boot disk ..........................................................147

Configure LILO / GRUB ...................................................149

DrakFont : manage the fonts available on your system ........150

draksec : Setting your security level ....................................152

MouseDrake : Change your mouse........................................153

KeyboardDrake : change your keyboard layout ...................154Userdrake : Manage users on your system...........................156

The interface..................................................................157

Let’s add a new user ......................................................158

Other features ................................................................161

DrakXServices : configure startup services.........................163

menudrake : customize your menus ......................................164

Add a new menu entry...................................................166

Advanced features .........................................................168

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DiskDrake : manage your partitions .....................................168

The interface..................................................................169

In practice: resize an old partition and create a new one171A note about the expert mode: save the partition table .174

DrakGW : configure your machine as a gateway .....................175

PrinterDrake : configure a printer ......................................175

12. Package Management.............................................................177

General packages management ..............................................177

RpmDrake components .................................................177

Selecting packages ........................................................179

Installing new packages.................................................181Uninstalling packages....................................................187

Updating installed packages...................................................187

Setting up the package source .......................................188

Selecting packages to update.........................................190

13. HardDrake: Configure your hardware..................................191

Introduction ............................................................................191

HardDrake ............................................................................191Description ....................................................................191

Usage .............................................................................192

HardDrake Wizard ..............................................................196

Introduction ...................................................................196

Usage .............................................................................196

Problems/Troubleshooting .....................................................198

Other informations .................................................................198

14. Kups: Installing a new printer ...............................................201Install and launch Kups .........................................................201

Configure a new printer..........................................................201

15. Where to get documentation ..................................................209

The documentation included in Linux-Mandrake ...............209

The manual pages..........................................................209

info pages.....................................................................210

HOWTOs ..........................................................................211

The directory /usr/doc................................................212

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Internet ..............................................................................212

Websites dedicated to GNU/ Linux ...............................212

Newsgroups ...................................................................213A. The GNU General Public License...........................................215

Preamble.................................................................................215

Terms and conditions for copying, distribution and

modification...................................................................216

Glossary .........................................................................................225

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List of Tables

11-1. A fast review of Mandrake graphical tools..........................142

List of Figures

3-1. The dosutils directory............................................................26

3-2. The RawWrite program.............................................................27

3-3. An example of using RawWrite ................................................28

3-4. The Windows Device Manager...............................................32

3-5. Directory structure for ISA Bus................................................333-6. Keyboard resources ...................................................................345-1. First example of partition naming under GNU/ Linux ..............44

5-2. Second example of partition naming under GNU/ Linux ..........44

6-1. Choice of the language ..............................................................47

6-2. Choose the installation class......................................................49

6-3. Choice of the main computer usage ..........................................51

6-4. SCSI card installation ................................................................52

6-5. Choose the type of your mouse .................................................546-6. Choice of the keyboard..............................................................55

6-7. Miscellaneous options ...............................................................56

6-8. What to do with your existing windows partition .....................57

6-9. What to do with your existing Linux partitions.........................59

6-10. Mount points attribution ..........................................................60

6-11. Choose which partitions to format...........................................60

6-12. Partitioning method .................................................................61

6-13. Choose the size to install .........................................................636-14. Choose the groups of packages to install.................................63

6-15. Choose the total packages size to install .................................65

6-16. Choose the individual packages to install................................65

6-17. Please insert other CDROM ....................................................66

6-18. Select the way to connect to the Internet ............................67

6-19. Choose the correct timezone....................................................68

6-20. Choose wether you wish to configure a printer or not.............69

6-21. Provide information about the printer .....................................70

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6-22. Confirm the connection of the printer......................................71

6-23. Confirm the model of the printer .............................................72

6-24. root password setup ...............................................................746-25. Create a regular user ................................................................75

6-26. Creation of a boot disk.............................................................76

6-27. Choice of the location of the bootloader .................................78

6-28. Bootloader configuration .........................................................79

6-29. Choose your resolution and color depth..................................80

6-30. X configuration test .................................................................80

6-31. Graphical interface at boot?.....................................................82

6-32. Choose the default user............................................................828-1. The Login Window....................................................................88

8-3. The KDE Desktop.......................................................................91

8-4. The GNOME Desktop ..................................................................91

8-5. The KDE Desktop.......................................................................94

8-6. The GNOME Desktop ..................................................................94

8-9. KDE and GNOME File Managers .................................................98

8-10. Buttons for Virtual Desktops ...................................................99

8-11. Maximize the Window for KDE and GNOME ..........................1008-12. Minimize the Window for KDE and GNOME ...........................101

8-13. The Task Bar Under KDE and GNOME ....................................101

8-14. Closing a Window for KDE and GNOME .................................102

8-15. Software Menu for KDE and GNOME ......................................103

9-1. The help center under KDE ......................................................105

9-2. Your Home directory under KDE .............................................108

9-3. KDE file manager, Konqueror ................................................108

9-4. Naming a new directory...........................................................1129-5. The trash icon, empty or full ...................................................112

9-6. The command line under KDE .................................................116

9-7. The command line under KDE .................................................116

9-8. General customization under KDE ...........................................117

9-9. The main window of the KDE Control Center ...................118

9-10. The default style for KDE .......................................................118

9-11. The marble style for KDE .......................................................119

9-12. Create menu under KDE .........................................................120

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9-13. Creating an application icon under KDE ................................121

9-14. Program for an application icon under KDE ..........................122

9-15. Creating an URL icon under KDE ..........................................1239-16. Properties of an URL icon under KDE ...................................124

9-17. Background configuration .....................................................126

9-18. Fast configuration of virtual desktops buttons.......................127

9-19. Configuration of virtual desktops ..........................................128

10-1. Choose the way to connect ....................................................133

10-2. Choose the ISDN connection type.........................................133

10-3. Select your ISDN card...........................................................134

10-4. Choose the ADSL modem.....................................................13510-5. Do you have a Cable hostname?............................................136

10-6. DrakNet Dialup options .......................................................137

10-7. DrakNet main menu.............................................................138

11-1. The DrakConf icon...............................................................141

11-2. The DrakConf main window................................................141

11-3. Choosing a new video resolution...........................................143

11-4. Test the new video mode?......................................................144

11-6. The drakfloppy window.....................................................14611-7. Creating a boot disk...............................................................148

11-8. Choosing the boot device ......................................................149

11-9. The boot loader entries ..........................................................150

11-10. The DrakFont main window..............................................150

11-11. Choosing the security level of your system.........................152

11-12. Choosing a different mouse.................................................153

11-13. Choosing a different keyboard layout..................................155

11-14. The users list in Userdrake ...............................................15711-15. Adding a new user in the system .........................................158

11-16. Affect users to a group.........................................................159

11-17. The Userdrake parameters window ..................................161

11-18. The Userdrake user view parameters................................162

11-19. Groups are different for two users .......................................163

11-20. Choosing the services available at startup ...........................164

11-21. The menudrake main window............................................165

11-22. Adding a new menu entry with menudrake .......................166

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11-23. The DiskDrake main window............................................170

11-24. The /home partition before resizing....................................171

11-25. Choosing a new size ............................................................17211-26. Defining the new partition ...................................................173

11-27. The new partition table ........................................................173

11-28. Confirm the writing of partition table..................................174

12-1. The main window of RpmDrake ...........................................177

12-2. Available packages in a package group .................................180

12-3. Selecting packages.................................................................180

12-4. Setting source media..............................................................182

12-5. Adding a source media ..........................................................18212-10. Unsatisfied dependencies notification .................................185

12-11. Packages installation in progress.........................................186

12-12. MandrakeUpdate starting ..................................................187

12-13. MandrakeUpdate preferences............................................189

13-1. HardDrake main window.....................................................192

13-2. HardDrake - selected device ................................................193

13-3. HardDrake - unknown device ..............................................195

13-4. HardDrake - probing options window .................................19513-5. HardDrake - Sound-Wizard ...............................................197

14-1. The Kups main window ........................................................201

14-2. The printer connection type...................................................203

14-3. The printer model and port ....................................................204

14-4. Accept the printer driver........................................................204

14-5. Choose a name for your printer .............................................205

14-6. Confirm all parameters ..........................................................205

14-7. Provide the root password ...................................................20614-8. A new printer is now configured ...........................................207

14-9. Tune options for new printer .................................................207

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Preface

Legal Notice

This manual is protected under MandrakeSoft intellectual property

rights. This manual can be freely reproduced, duplicated and distributed

either as such or as part of a bundled package under electronic and/or

printed format provided however that the following conditions are ful-

filled:

1. This copyright mention appears clearly and distinctively on all

reproduced, duplicated and distributed copies.

2. This manual is kept in its entirety and without modification or/and

alteration; and

3. Specifically for the printed format, that it is not reproduced and/or

distributed for any commercial purpose.

For any other use, authorization must be requested and obtained from

MandrakeSoft S.A.. Both “Mandrake” and the “Linux-Mandrake”

brand name, design and logotypes are registered. All related copy-

rights are reserved.

Authors and translators

The following people contributed to the making of the Linux-Mandrake

manuals:

• Yves Bailly

• Camille Bégnis

• Francis Galiègue

• Hinrich Göhlmann

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• Carsten Heiming

• Fabian Mandelbaum

• Roberto Rosselli Del Turco

• Stefan Siegel

Also participated at various degrees have: Nicolas Berdugo, Sébastien

Blondeel, Paolo Calisse, Vincent Danen, Marco De Vitis, Hoyt Duff,

Jürgen Grojer, Andrea Monni, Matt Sherer.

Tools used in the making of this manual

This manual was written in DocBook . Perl and GNU Make were used

to manage the set of files involved. The SGML source files were pro-

cessed by openjade and jadetex using Norman Walsh’s stylesheets.

Screenshots have been taken using xwd and GIMP and converted with

convert (from the ImageMagick package). PostScript files were

produced with dvips. All this software is available on your Linux-

Mandrake distribution, and all parts of it are free software.

Note From the Editor

As you may notice while you go from a chapter to another, this book is

a composite document from various authors. Even though much care

has been taken in insuring the technical and vocabulary consistency,the style of each author is obviously preserved.

Some of the authors write in English even though it is not their native

language. Therefore, you may notice strange sentence constructions;

do not hesitate to let us know if something is not clear to you.

In the philosophy of open source, contributors are much welcomed!

You may provide much help to this documentation project by different

means. If you have a lot of time, you can write a whole chapter. If you

speak a foreign language, you can help with the internationalization

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Preface

of this book. If you have ideas on how to improve the content, let us

know - even advice on typos is welcomed!

Special thanks to the members of the Hampton Roads Linux UsersGroup (http://www.hrlug.org/about.shtml) which ensured most of the

proofreading of the chapters.

For any information about the Linux-Mandrake documentation project,

please contact the Documentation administrator (mailto:documentation@

mandrakesoft.com).

Conventions used in this book

Typing conventions

In order to clearly differentiate some special words from the text flow,

different renderings are used. The following table shows you an exam-

ple of each special word or group of words with its actual rendering

and what this means.

Formattedexample

Meaning

i-node This formatting is used to stress a technical term

explained in the Glossary.

ls -lta Indicates commands or arguments to those commands.

This formatting is applied to commands, options andfilenames. See also the section about “Commands

synopsis, page 18 ”

$ ls *.pid

imwheel.pid $

Used for text snapshots of what you may see on your

screen. It includes computer interactions, program

listings, etc.

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Preface

Formattedexample

Meaning

localhost This is some literal data that generally do not fit to anyof the previously defined category. For example a key

word taken from a configuration file.

Apache This is used for application names. The example used

in not a command name but in particular contexts the

application and command name may be the same but

formatted in different ways.

Files This is used for menu entries or graphical interfaceslabels in general. The underlined letter indicates the

keyboard shortcut if applicable.

SCSI-Bus denotes a computer part or a computer itself.

Le petit

chaperon

rouge

Indicates that these words are in a different language

than the one the book is written in.

Attention! Of course, this is reserved for special warnings to stress

the weight of words (read loud ;-)

General conventions

Commands synopsis

The example below shows you the signs you will find in this manual

when we describe the arguments of a command:

command [-option={arg1,arg2,arg3}] [optional arg. ...]

These conventions are standard and you may find them at other places

such as the man pages.

The “” (greater than) signs denote an argumentnot to be copied verbatim, but to fill depending on your needs. For ex-

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Preface

ample, refers to the actual name of a file. If this name is

foo.txt, you should type foo.txt, and not or .The square brackets “[ ]” denote optional arguments, which you may

or may not include in the command.

The continuation points “...” mean that an arbitrary number of items

can be included there.

The curly brackets “{ }” contain the arguments authorized at this

place. One of them is to be placed here.

Special notations

You will be directed from time to time to press the keys Ctrl+R. That

means that you need to press and hold the Ctrl key while you press the

R key as well. The same applies for the Alt key.

About menus also, going to menu item File→Reload user config

(Ctrl+R) means: click on the File text on the menu (generally hori-zontal on the top of the window) then on the vertical menu that ap-

pears, click on the Reload user config item. Additionally, you areinformed that you can use the key combination Ctrl+R as described

above, to achieve the same result.

System generic users

Whenever it has been possible, we used two generic users in our ex-

amples:

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Queen Amidala This user is created at

the installation time

Darth Vader This user is created

afterwards by system

administrator

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Chapter 1. Some words before you begin the installation

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Chapter 2. WARNING - README

This manual covers the installation in Customized mode, either us-ing Lnx4Win or a classic install. In case you decide on a classic install

and have never installed GNU/ Linux before, DrakX will have to re-

size your Windows partition (if any). This operation can be harmful

to your data, therefore you must perform the following steps before

proceeding:

• you must run scandisk on your Windows partition; the resizing

program can detect some obvious errors, but scandisk is bettersuited for this task;

• for maximum data security, you should also run defrag on your

partition. This further reduces the risk of data loss; this is not manda-

tory, but is highly recommended and doing it will make resizing

much faster and easier;

• the ultimate insurance against problems is to always back up your

data!

If neither scandisk nor defrag are installed within Windows , please

refer to the Windows documentation for instructions on installing them.

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Chapter 2. WARNING - README

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Chapter 3. Before setup

Configuring your BIOS

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System ) is used to boot up a com-

puter. Specifically, it is used to find the device on which the operating

system is located and start it up. It is also used for the initial configu-

ration of the hardware.

The appearance of plug’n’play and its widespread use means that

all modern BIOS can initialize these devices, but you still have to ask it

to do so. If your Windows 9x OS is initializing these devices instead

of the BIOS , this will need to be changed for use under GNU/ Linux .

Changing your BIOS settings is usually performed by holding down

the DEL key just after the computer is switched on. Unfortunately,

there are many types of BIOS ’, therefore you will have to look for the

appropriate option by yourself. The option to look for is often called

PNP OS installed (or Plug’n’Play OS installed). Set this option toNo and the BIOS will then initialize any plug’n’play devices. Thatcan help GNU/ Linux recognize some devices in your machine which

it would not otherwise be able to initialize.

If your BIOS can boot from the CDROM and you want to perform a

standard installation of Linux-Mandrake (not using Lnx4Win ), you

can also set your BIOS to boot from the CDROM before searching the

hard disk. Look for Boot sequence in the BIOS features setup.

Creating a “bootdisk”

If you cannot boot from the CDROM, and if Windows is not installed

on your computer, you will need to create a “boot disk”. The CDROM

contains all the image files and utility programs needed. You will also

need to create a “bootdisk” if you wish to use another bootloader than

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LILO or GRUB . If Windows is installed on your computer, you will

not need a bootdisk, so you may skip this step and go on to:

• “Using Lnx4Win ”, page 37, if you wish to install Lnx4Win .

• or “ Installation with DrakX ”, page 47, for a normal install of Linux-

Mandrake.

It may be that on an Intel architecture your BIOS cannot boot from

the CDROM. In this case, you must make a “bootdisk” in order to start

the installation program.

The boot images are in the images directory on the CDROM. For

this method of installation, the significant file is named cdrom.img

(cdrom64.img for SPARC64 ). This file is used to begin the text or

graphical installation from the CD.

Under Windows

You need to use the program called RawWrite. This can be found inthe CD dosutils directory (figure 3-1).

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Figure 3-1. The dosutils directory

Note: in this example, the CDROM drive is designated by theletter D:; you will naturally have to choose the letter designatingthe CDROM drive on your own machine.

You may have noticed that there is a DOS version, rawrite, of the

same program. It is, in fact, the original version of the program: RawWrite

is a graphical frontend to it.

Start the program, as shown in figure 3-2.

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Figure 3-2. The RawWrite program

Select the boot image to copy and the target device (here A: as illus-

trated in figure 3-3).

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Figure 3-3. An example of using RawWrite

Then, if you haven’t already done so, insert an empty disk into your

chosen floppy drive and click on Write. When completed, click on Exit, you have a boot disk to install your Linux-Mandrake distribution.

Under GNU/Linux

If you already have GNU/ Linux installed (another version, or on an-

other machine, for example on that of a friend who has lent you his

Linux-Mandrake CD), then carry out the following steps:

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1. mount the CDROM. Let us suppose that the mount point is /mnt/

cdrom;

2. log in as root;

3. insert an empty disk into the drive and type:

$ cp /mnt/cdrom/images/cdrom.img /dev/fd0

Note: Replace /dev/fd0 by /dev/fd1 if you are using the secondfloppy drive and, of course, the name of the image with the oneyou want. When completed, your boot disk is ready.

Supported hardware

Linux-Mandrake can handle a large number of hardware devices,

and the list is far too long to be quoted in its entirety here. Neverthe-

less, some of the steps described in this chapter will help you to find

out if your hardware is compatible and configure some of the prob-

lematic devices.

Warning

Legal disclaimer: The Linux-Mandrake Supported Hard-ware List contains information about hardware devices thathave been tested and/or have been reported to functionproperly with Linux-Mandrake. Due to the wide variety ofsystem configurations, MandrakeSoft cannot guarantee thata specific device will work properly on your system.

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What’s not supported

Some types of hardware cannot presently be handled by GNU/ Linux ,

either because the support is still in an experimental stage, because

nobody has written a driver for the devices in question, or because it

has been decided for valid reasons that they cannot be supported. For

example:

• winmodems , also called controller-less modems or software modems.

Support for these peripherals is currently very sparse. Drivers exist,

but are binary only and for a limited range of kernel versions. Thedifference between a “hardware” modem and a winmodem is that a

winmodem cannot function without a special driver which emulates

a large number of a hardware modem’s functions. You can com-

municate with a hardware modem by sending it a series of com-

mands, which cannot be done with a winmodem without special

drivers (this also explains why GNU/ Linux does not need drivers

for the modems: it only gives access to the serial port, with an ex-

ternal program sending the commands). If your modem is PCI, it ismost likely, but not necessarily, a software modem...

If your modem is a PCI modem, as the root user look at the output

of cat /proc/pci. This will tell you the I/O port and the IRQ of

the device. Then use the setserial command (for our example, the

I/O address is 0xb400 and the IRQ is 10) as follows:

setserial /dev/ttyS3 port 0xb400 irq 10 UART 16550A

Then see if you can query you modem using minicom or Kppp . If it doesn’t work, you may have a software modem. If it does work,

create the file /etc/rc.d/rc.setserial and place the appropri-

ate setserial command line in it.

A recent project is trying to make software modems work under

GNU/ Linux . If you happen to have this type of hardware in your

machine, you may have a look at linmodems (http://linmodems.org/)

and modems and winmodems (http://www.o2.net/ ∼gromitkc/winmodem.

html).

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• USB devices: support for USB is still limited. Currently the only

devices fully supported by Linux-Mandrake are keyboards, mice,ZIP drives and printers. For other devices, a HOWTO (http://linuxusbguide.

sourceforge.net/USB-guide-1.0.6/book1.html) is available. You may

also consult the website Linux-USB (http://www.linux-usb.org/)

Finally, you may consult a more up-to-date list of supported hardware

on our website (http://www.linux-mandrake.com/en/fhard.php3)

Collecting information on your hardware

GNU/ Linux ’ hardware resources are now much better supported and,

apart from the devices mentioned in the previous section, you can ex-

pect the rest of your hardware to work correctly.

Some types of devices are still problematic with GNU/ Linux , es-

pecially ISA plug’n’play devices: but you can use Windows to

discover their working configuration. If you intend to install Linux-Mandrake while leaving a version of Windows on your machine,

you can ignore this section at first, and then come back here if you

experience problems under GNU/ Linux .

For this, boot under Windows , right-click on the My Computer icon,choose Properties, select the tab Devices Manager, then select Viewdevices by connection (figure 3-4).

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Figure 3-4. The Windows Device Manager

If you have ISA devices, you can view them when you bring up the

directory structure (figure 3-5).

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Figure 3-5. Directory structure for ISA Bus

You will be able to find the ISA devices in this part of the directory

structure. If you only see one entry for the data port, ignore it. If thereare devices present, and if there is no conflict, you can then select and

click on the button Properties (figure 3-6).

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Figure 3-6. Keyboard resources

You will have to write down the base address(es) (Input/output range)

used, together with the IRQ(s). Also write down the DMA channel(s)used for the sound cards.

If your ISA card is plug’n’play , you will have to configure your

BIOS properly, as instructed in the preceding section. But even if

you do so, GNU/ Linux may not find it. However, you can disable

plug’n’play for the particular device. If the manufacturer has pro-

vided one, you should have a disk containing a program enabling you

re-set the card to non-plug’n’play . The manufacturer provides a

setup program which does this. If you have this sort of program (or

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can get it from the manufacturer’s website), start it up, set the device’s

configuration with the parameters used by Windows and disable the

plug’n’play . After that, GNU/ Linux can then see it during the in-stallation process.

Don’t worry too much about sound cards, though. You configure them

after installation and not during installation. See chapter “HardDrake :

Configure your hardware”, page 191.

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Chapter 4. Using Lnx4Win

Lnx4Win (GNU/ Linux for Windows ) is what you need if you don’twant to re-partition your hard disk at all. This program will create

two files on your Windows partition which will hold your Linux-

Mandrake system: one file for the data and one for the swap . This

installation mode is undoubtedly the easiest, but it has its disadvan-

tages:

• it is slow in comparison with a native filesystem installation: loop-

back mounting of a file (this is the method used) is not as fast as afilesystem located on a dedicated partition;

• if you have to reinstall Windows , your Linux-Mandrake system

will also be lost.

However, this is a good way to explore Linux-Mandrake without

tampering with your hard disk partitions. For a normal installation,

you can skip this chapter.

All you have to do is insert the first CDROM and reboot your com-

puter, as for a normal install. When Tux (the Linux penguin) shows,

press the F1 key. Then at the prompt, enter

lnx4win

From this point on, installation will be carried out as a traditional in-

stallation, so go to the chapter “ Installation with DrakX ”, page 47,

dealing with the installation with DrakX .

Uninstalling Lnx4Win is very simple: you simply have to start the

script uninstall.bat. The name of the directory the file is found

in is lnx4win and it is located in the “drive” where you installed

Lnx4Win .

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Chapter 4. Using Lnx4Win

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Chapter 5. Disks and partitions

If you are reading this chapter, it means that you have decided on astandard (classic) installation of Linux-Mandrake, which will require

repartitioning. Or you are simply curious and that’s OK, too. :-)

This section provides a complete description of the PC partitioning

scheme. It is only useful to you if you intend to manually set the parti-

tions of your hard drive. If you do not understand what we are talking

about, you may safely ignore this section; the installer can do every-

thing automagically for you.

Structure of a hard disk

Basically, a disk is physically divided into little sectors. A sequence

of sectors can form a partition. Roughly speaking, you can create as

many partitions as you wish; each of them is regarded as a single hard

drive.

Sectors

To simplify, a hard disk is merely a sequence of sectors. A sector is

the smallest data unit on a hard disk, and its size is typically 512 bytes.

The sectors on a hard disk of ( n ) sectors are numbered from (0) to(n-1).

Partitions

The use of multiple partitions enables you to create many virtual hard

drives inside your real physical drive. This has many advantages:

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• Different operating systems use different disk structures (called file

system); this is the case for Windows and GNU/ Linux . Having

multiple partitions on a hard drives allows you to install variousoperating systems on the same physical drive.

• For performance reasons, a single operating system may prefer dif-

ferent drives with different filesystems on them because they are

used for completely different things. It is the case for GNU/ Linux

which requires a second partition called “swap” and used for virtual

memory.

• Finally, it may prove very useful to separate the different parts of your OS into different partitions, even if they use the same filesys-

tem. In the most simple configuration, you can split your files into

two partitions, one for your personal data, one another for programs.

That allows you to update your OS, completely erasing the pro-

grams partition while keeping the data partition safe.

• Physical errors on a hard disk are generally located at adjacent sec-

tors and not scattered among the disk. Distributing your files into

different partitions will limit data losses in case of hard disk physi-cal damages.

Normally the partition type specifies the filesystem which the partition

is supposed to contain. Each operating system recognizes some of the

types, but not others.

Define the structure of your disk

The most simple

Is where you have just two partitions: one for the swap space, the other

for the files1.

1. the filesystem used currently for GNU/ Linux files is called ext2

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Tip: The rule of thumb for the swap partition size is to choosethe same size as your RAM memory. However for large memory

configurations (>128 MB), this rule is not valid, and smaller sizesare preferred.

Another common scheme

is, as we previously discussed, when you choose to separate data from

programs. To be even more efficient, one usually defines a third par-tition called the “root” and labelled as /. It will handle the programs

necessary to startup your system and the basic maintenance programs.

So we could define four partitions:

Swap

A partition of type swap, which size is roughly equivalent to the

memory size.

Root: /

It is the most important partition. It not only contains the most

important data and programs for the system, but will also act as

a mount point for other partitions.

The needs for the root partition in terms of size are very limited,

300MB is enough.

Static data: /usr

Most packages install most of their executables and data files un-

der /usr. The advantage of having it on a separate partition is

that you can share it easily with other machines over a network.

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The size depends on the packages you wish to install. It varies

from 100MB for a lightweight installation to various GB for a

full install. A compromise of one or two GB (depending on yourdisk size) generally suffices.

Home directories: /home

Here are kept the personal directories for all the users hosted on

that machine. It also generally hosts the directories served by

HTTP or FTP (respectively for web browsing and file transfers).

Here the partition size depends on the number of users (or ser-

vices) hosted and their needs.

A variant to that solution is to not use a separate partition for the /usr

files.

Exotic configurations

When setting-up your machine for specific uses such as web server or

firewall, the needs are radically different than for a standard desktop

machine. For example, a FTP server will probably need a big separate

partition for /home/ftp, while the /usr will be relatively small. For

such situations, you are encouraged to carefully think of your needs

before even beginning the install.

Tip: If after a period of time using your system, you notice thatyou should have chosen different sizes and partitions,it is possi-ble to resize most partitions without the need to reinstall your sys-tem, it is even generally data-safe. See DiskDrake : manage your partitions , page 168 in “Mandrake specific graphic user tools ”,page 141.

With a little of practice, you will even be able to move a crowdedpartition to another brand new hard drive. But that’s another story...

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Conventions for naming the disks andpartitions

GNU/ Linux uses a logical method for naming partitions. First, when

numbering the partitions, it ignores the filesystem types of each par-

tition that you may have. Second, it names the partitions according tothe disk on which they are located. This is how the disks are named:

• the primary master and primary slave IDE devices (whether they be

hard disks, CDROM drives or anything else) are called /dev/hda

and /dev/hdb respectively;

• on the secondary interface, they are called /dev/hdc and /dev/

hdd for the master and slave respectively;

• if your computer contains other IDE interfaces (for example, the

IDE interface present in some SoundBlaster cards), the disks will

then be called /dev/hde, /dev/hdf, etc.

• SCSI disks are called /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc., in the order of

their appearance on the SCSI chain (depending on the increasing

ID s). The SCSI CDROM drives are called /dev/scd0, /dev/scd1,

always in the order of their appearance on the SCSI chain.The partitions are named after the disk on which they are found, in the

following way (in the example, we have used the case of partitions on

a primary master IDE disk):

• the primary (or extended) partitions are named /dev/hda1 through

/dev/hda4 when present;

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• logical partitions, if any, are named /dev/hda5, /dev/hda6, etc.

in their order of appearance in the table of logical partitions.

So GNU/ Linux will name the partitions as follows:

Figure 5-1. First example of partition naming under GNU/Linux

Figure 5-2. Second example of partition naming under GNU/Linux

So now you can cite the name the various partitions and hard disks

when you need to manipulate them. You will also see that GNU/ Linux

names the partitions even if it does not know how to manage them

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initially (it ignores the fact that they are not native GNU/ Linux parti-

tions).

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Chapter 6. Installation with DrakX

Introduction to the Linux-Mandrake installer

DrakX is the installation program for Linux-Mandrake. It has a graph-

ical user interface and it is very easy to use. It allows you to go back

at any time to previous configuration steps, even choosing the type of

installation that you want (depending upon your skill level).

Note: This section has been written for a “Power Pack Deluxe”. Ifyou have a “Complete” pack, some of the following steps may beslightly different.

Warning

In order to ensure the installation occurs in the best pos-sible conditions, make sure to plug-in and power-on all thedevices that will be used on your computer: printer, modem,scanner, etc. so that DrakX will be able to automatically de-tect and configure them.

If you want to (or have to) use the text mode install, just press F1 when

the CDROM boots and type text at the prompt.

Whether you install via Lnx4Win or directly from the CDROM, youwill see the screen as shown in figure 6-1.

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Figure 6-1. Choice of the language

On the left, you can see the various installation steps. Depending on

the level of progress of the installation, some stages may or may not be

available to you. If they are available, they will be highlighted when

you move the mouse cursor over them.

The buttons representing the various stages can also be different col-

ors:

1. red: this installation phase has not yet been carried out;

2. orange: the installation stage which is currently processing;

3. green: this installation stage has already been configured. There

is nothing to stop you from going back to it if you need to.

This guide assumes that you are performing a standard, step-by-step

installation, as shown in the following screenshots.

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The first step is to choose your preferred language.

As soon as you have selected the language and confirmed with clicking

the OK button, you will automatically go on to the next page:

Before going further, you should read carefully the terms of the li-

cence. It covers the whole Linux-Mandrake distribution, and if you

do not agree with all the terms in it, click on the Refuse button. That’llimmediately terminate the installation. To follow on with the installa-

tion, click the Accept button.

Installation class

DrakX will then ask you what installation class you want (figure 6-2) .

Here, you will also choose whether you want to perform an installation

or an upgrade of an existing Linux-Mandrake system. Choose what

suits your situation. You can perform an installation over an existing

system, wiping out the old system. You can also do an upgrade to

repair an existing system.

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Figure 6-2. Choose the installation class

This manual will concentrate on the Customized installation class.If you choose Recommended class, simply ignore the steps pre-sented here that only apply to the Customized installation class. If you choose Expert class, it probably means that you have previousexperience with GNU/ Linux and can go through the various sections

without the help of this manual. Be warned that this installation class

actually implies that you are an expert, so do not choose it unless you

really know what you are doing!

Determine the main usage of your machine

Warning

This step is ignored for Recommended mode

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After selecting the installation class, DrakX will ask you the main

usage you intend for your computer:

Figure 6-3. Choice of the main computer usage

Workstation

This is the most standard configuration to use your system for

daily use: office applications, web browsing, etc.

Server

Choose this option if you intend your computer to be used mainly

as a server, either HTTP, FTP, Samba , etc.

Development

This is to configure your station as a programming environment,

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in effect to write programs and compile them. If you are a hacker1.

If you want to become a hacker, this essay is for you.

Note: The choice you make here has influence on the subse-quent actions taken by the installation program DrakX as well ason packages installed. However none of the consequences areirreversible, and it is not because you choose a “Workstation”type that you won’t be able to compile programs or install a webserver.

Disk detection and configuration

Warning


After selecting the computer’s usage, DrakX will go on to detecting all

hard disks present on your computer. It will also scan for one or more

PCI SCSI card(s) on your system, if you have any. If such a device is

found, DrakX will automatically install the right driver.

Should it fail, you are anyway asked whether you have a SCSI card or

not figure 6-4. Answer Yes to choose your card in a list or No if you

have no SCSI hardware.

1. and not a “cracker”, read the excellent essay from Eric S. Raymond

(http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html)

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Figure 6-4. SCSI card installation

Configuring your mouse

Warning

This step is generally ignored for Recommended and Custom

modes

DrakX just skips this test unless you purposely click on the corre-

sponding step on the left. By default, DrakX sees your mouse as a

two-button mouse and emulates the third button, and knows whether

it’s PS/2, serial or USB.

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Perhaps this is not what you want. In that case, you just have to select

the right type for your mouse in the list which appears as shown figure

6-5.

Figure 6-5. Choose the type of your mouse

Configuring the Keyboard

Warning

This step is generally ignored for Recommended and Custom

modes

Normally, DrakX will have selected the right keyboard for you (de-

pending on the language you have chosen) and you won’t even see

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this step. However, you might not have a keyboard which corresponds

exactly to your language: for example, if you are an English speaking

Swiss person, you may still want your keyboard to be a Swiss key-board. Or if you speak English but are located in Québec, you may

find yourself in the same situation. In both cases, you will have to go

back to this installation step and select an appropriate keyboard from

the list (figure 6-6).

Figure 6-6. Choice of the keyboard

All you need to do is select your preferred keyboard layout from the

list which appears in front of you.

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Miscellaneous options

Warning


At this point, you may set a number of miscellaneous options for your

Linux-Mandrake system (figure 6-7). Refer to the help available at

the bottom of the screen for assistance in understanding these options.

Note: hard disk optimizations are only relevant for IDE disks!

Figure 6-7. Miscellaneous options

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Selecting the mount points

Now you need to specify in DrakX where the various partitions on

the hard drive(s) will be mounted. Depending on the current con-

tent of your hard drive, the solutions proposed will differ slightly. We

will take into account three scenarios: If you are installing Linux-

Mandrake over an existing Windows installation, go to Install over

an existing Windows installation, page 57. If you are installing Linux-

Mandrake over an existing GNU/ Linux installation, go to Install

over an existing GNU/ Linux installation, page 58. Otherwise, go to

the next section, Install on a blank hard-drive, page 60.

Install over an existing Windows installation

If Windows is already installed on your system, the dialog will look

like this (figure 6-8).

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Figure 6-8. What to do with your existing windows partition

If you choose Erase Windows, it will simply erase everything on thedrive and begin fresh, partitioning from scratch.

Choosing Use existing partition will allow you to dual-boot withWindows and GNU/ Linux 2, both options will lead to an automatic

partitioning of your drive(s), you won’t need to worry any more about

it.

If you choose the third option (Expert mode or Use diskdrake de-pending on your install class), you will enter the Linux-Mandrake

partitionning tool: DiskDrake . It allows you to fine-tune your parti-

tions. See the chapter DiskDrake : manage your partitions, page 168

in “ Mandrake specific graphic user tools”, page 141; the usage is the

same.

2. All ideologic thoughts aside

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Install over an existing GNU/Linux installation

If a version of GNU/ Linux is already installed on your system, the

dialog will look like this (figure 6-9).

Figure 6-9. What to do with your existing Linux partitions

If you choose Erase entire disk, it will simply erase everything ondrive and begin again, partitioning from scratch. This option will lead

to an automatic partitioning of your drive(s); you won’t need to worry

any more about it. Choosing Use existing partition will allow youto reuse some of your old partitions, without loosing information on

them (typically /home). If you choose the third option (Expert modeor Use diskdrake depending on your install class), you will enterthe Linux-Mandrake partitionning tool: DiskDrake . It allows you

to fine-tune your partitions. See the chapter DiskDrake : manage your

partitions, page 168 in “ Mandrake specific graphic user tools”, page

141; the usage is the same.

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Figure 6-11. Choose which partitions to format

Install on a blank hard-drive

If you are installing Linux-Mandrake on a brand new computer, the

dialog will look like this (figure 6-12).

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Figure 6-12. Partitioning method

If you choose Use free space, it will simply lead to an automatic par-titioning of your drive(s); you won’t need to worry any more about it.

Choosing Use diskdrake enters the Linux-Mandrake partitionningtool: DiskDrake . It allows you to fine-tune your partitions. See the

chapter DiskDrake : manage your partitions, page 168 in “ Mandrake

specific graphic user tools”, page 141; the usage is the same.

Choose packages to install

It is now time to specify which programs you wish to install on your

system. There are thousands of packages available for Linux-Mandrake,

and you are not supposed to know them all by heart.

If you are in Recommended mode, you will be presented three size,corresponding to the size of packages that will be installed on your

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computer (figure 6-13). Choose one of them depending on your disk

size and you own mood.

Figure 6-13. Choose the size to install

In Custom mode, you can select the group of packages you are inter-

ested in (figure 6-14).

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Figure 6-14. Choose the groups of packages to install

By default, all groups are selected. If your system won’t be connected

to the Internet for example, you can deselect the groups Mail/WWW/ Newstools and Communication facilities by clicking on the yellowstar on the left of its name.

If you know well the packages offered or if you want to have total

control on what will be installed or not, you can check the Individual

package selection star.Then you will be asked which quantity (in terms of size) of packages

to install (figure 6-15). After selecting many groups, it may be that the

size of all those packages is too big for the space you have available.

You can choose here to reduce this size, DrakX will then install only

the most important packages from all the selected groups.

If you have started the installation in “Update” mode (see figure 6-2),

you can reduce the size to zero to avoid installing any new packageand just repair the existing system.

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Figure 6-15. Choose the total packages size to install

Finally, depending whether you choose to select individual packages

or not, you will be presented a tree containing all packages classified

by groups and subgroups (figure 6-16). While browsing the tree, you

can select entire groups, subgroups, or simply packages.

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Figure 6-16. Choose the individual packages to install

Whenever you select a package on the tree, a description appears on

the right. When you have finished with your selections, click the in-stall button. The installation itself then begins. If you have chosen toinstall a lot of packages, you can go and have a cup of coffee.

Multiple CDROM installationThe Linux-Mandrake distribution is getting bigger and bigger, and

therefore it has been divided into several CDROMs. It may be that

DrakX has selected packages on another CDROM than the installation

CDROM, and when it needs that you put another one into the drive, it

will eject the current CDROM and ask you for another one as shown

figure 6-17.

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Figure 6-17. Please insert other CDROM

Configure your network

Linux-Mandrake offers you to configure your Internet connection

at install time (figure 6-18). Available connections are: traditional mo-

dem, ISDN modem, ADSL connection, cable modem, and finally a

simple LAN connection (Ethernet ).

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Figure 6-18. Select the way to connect to the Internet

We won’t enter here into the details of each configuration. Simply

make sure that you have all the parameters from your Internet Service

Provider or system administrator.

You can consult the chapter “Configuring Internet connections with

DrakNet ”, page 133 for details about the configuration, or simply

wait until your system is installed and use the program described here

to configure your connection.

Configure timezone

DrakX , by default, guesses your timezone from the language you have

chosen. But here again, as for the keyboard choice, you may not be in

the country which the chosen language suggests, so you should click

on this step so that you can configure the clock according to the time

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zone you are in (figure 6-19).

Figure 6-19. Choose the correct timezone

Configure your printer

You will be prompted here wether you wish to configure a printer or

not (figure 6-20). Note that you will be able to configure any type of

printer, from local printers connected to the parallel port, to printers

served by a Windows server.

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Figure 6-20. Choose wether you wish to configure a printer or not

We won’t get into detail here about each configuration. We do exam-

ine the most common case of when you have a local printer directly

connected to your computer. If you have another type of connection,

refer to the chapter “Kups : Installing a new printer ”, page 201; the pa-

rameters required are the same. On the following screens that appear

(figure 6-21), fill in the fields. The Name of the printer is required.

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Figure 6-21. Provide information about the printer

After clicking OK, your printer should be automatically detected (fig-ure 6-22) provided it is correctly connected and powered on. Should

the auto-detection not work, simply choose your printer manufacturer

and model in the following screen.

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Figure 6-22. Confirm the connection of the printer

After clicking OK, the list tree of all supported printers appears. Yourprinter is highlighted (figure 6-23) and you just need to confirm the

selection is correct.

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Figure 6-23. Confirm the model of the printer

Finally, the program proposes that you to print a test page. You are

advised to do so, so that if it does not work you can come back and

choose another printer driver. When it works, you are asked if you

want to add more printers. Simply click Done when you have finished.

Root passwordThis is the most crucial decision point for the security of your GNU/

Linux system: you are going to have to enter the root password (fig-

ure 6-24). root is the system administrator and is the only one autho-

rized to make updates, add users, change the overall system configura-

tion, and so on. In short, root can do everything! That is why you have

to choose a password which is difficult to guess; DrakX will tell you

if it is too easy. As shown, you can choose not to enter a password,

but we strongly advise you to enter one, if only for one reason: do

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not think that because you booted GNU/ Linux , your other operating

systems are safe from mistakes. That’s not true since root can over-

come all limitations and unintentionally erase all data on partitions bycarelessly accessing the partitions themselves!

Figure 6-24. root password setup

You will have to type the password twice – a typing error in the first

attempt could be a problem if you repeat it since the "incorrect" pass-word is now required when you connect up to the system.

Adding a user

GNU/ Linux is a multiuser system, and this means that each user can

have his own preferences, his own files and so on. You can read the

User Guide to learn more. But unlike root, which is the administra-

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tor, the users which you will add here will not be entitled to change

anything except their own files and their own configuration. You will

have to create at least one regular user for yourself. That account iswhere you should log in for routine use. Although it is very practical

to log in as root everyday, it may also be very dangerous! The slight-

est mistake could mean that your system would not work any more. If

you make a serious mistake as a regular user, you may only lose some

information, but not the entire system.

Figure 6-25. Create a regular user

First you have to enter your real name. This is not mandatory, of course

– as you can actually enter whatever you want. DrakX will then take

the first word you have entered in the box and will bring it over to the

User name. This is the name that this particular user will use to loginto the system. You can change it. You then have to enter a password

here. A non-privileged (regular) user’s password is not as crucial as

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that of root from a security point of view, but that is no reason to

neglect it – after all, they are your files at risk.

If you click on Accept user, you can then add as many as you want.Add a user for each of your friends: your father or your sister, for

example. When you have added all the users you want, select Done.

Boot disk

The Linux-Mandrake CDROM has a built-in rescue mode. You can

access it by booting from the CDROM, press the F1 key at boot andtype rescue at the prompt. But in case your computer cannot boot

from the CDROM, you should come back to this step for help in at

least two situations:

• in the section Installing a bootloader , page 77, DrakX will rewrite

the boot sector (MBR) of your main disk (unless you are using an-

other boot manager) so that you can start up with either Windows or

GNU/ Linux (assuming you have Windows in your system). If you

need to reinstall Windows , the Microsoft install process will rewrite

the boot sector, and then you will not be able to start GNU/ Linux !

• if a problem arises and you cannot start up GNU/ Linux from the

hard disk, this floppy disk will be the only means of starting up

GNU/ Linux . It contains a fair number of system tools for restoring

a system which has crashed due to a power failure, an unfortunate

typing error, a typo in a password, or any other reason.

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Figure 6-26. Creation of a boot disk

When you click on this step, you will be asked in which floppy drive

you will put the floppy disk (figure 6-26). Unless you have several

floppy drives, choose the first one. Then insert the disk. The floppy

disk that you will insert must be empty or must only contain data

which you do not need. You will not have to format it; DrakX will

rewrite the whole disk.

Installing a bootloader

GRUB is a boot loader for GNU/ Linux . This stage is normally totally

automated. In fact, DrakX will analyze the disk boot sector and will

act accordingly depending on what it finds here:

• if it finds a Windows boot sector, it will replace it with a GRUB bootsector so that you can start GNU/ Linux or Windows ;

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• if it finds a GRUB boot sector, it will replace it with a new one;

If in doubt, DrakX will ask you where you want to install GRUB (figure

6-27).

Figure 6-27. Choice of the location of the bootloader

In most cases, you will not change the default ( /dev/hda), but if youprefer, the bootloader can be installed on the second hard drive ( /dev/hdb),or even on a floppy disk ( /dev/fd0).

Beware that if you choose not to install a bootloader (by selecting

Cancel here), you must ensure that you have a way to boot yourLinux-Mandrake system! Also be sure about what you are doing if

you change any of the options here.

Linux-Mandrake normally installs its own bootloader, which will let

you boot either GNU/ Linux or any other operating systems which you

have on your system. The bootloader will be GRUB on Intel architec-

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tures. The example figure 6-28 shows a sample GRUB configuration

window.

Figure 6-28. Bootloader configuration

If there is another operating system installed on your machine, it’ll be

automatically added to the boot menu. Here you can choose to fine-

tune the existing options.

Configuring X, the graphical server

X (for X Window System ) is the heart of the GNU/ Linux graphical

interface on which all the graphics environments (KDE , GNOME , Af-

terStep , WindowMaker ...) bundled with Linux-Mandrake rely. In

this section, DrakX will try to configure X automatically.

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It is extremely rare for it to fail. The only reason for it doing so is if

the hardware is very old (or very new). If it succeeds, it will start X

automatically with the best resolution possible depending on the sizeof the monitor. A window will then appear and ask you if you can see

it(figure 6-30).

If you are doing a Customized install, you will be asked for the reso-

lution and color depth of your screen (figure 6-29).

Figure 6-29. Choose your resolution and color depth

Then you will be asked whether or not you want to test the configura-

tion. If you wish to, answer Yes: you will then be asked if the settingsare correct (figure 6-30).

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Figure 6-30. X configuration test

If you can see the message and answer Yes, then DrakX will proceedto next step. If you cannot see the message, it simply means that the

configuration was wrong and the test will automatically end after 10

seconds, restoring the screen.

It can happen that the first try isn’t the best display (screen is too small,

shifted left or right...). This is why, even if X starts up correctly, DrakX

will then ask you if the configuration suits you and will propose tochange it by displaying a list of valid modes it could find, asking you

to select one.

As a last resort, if you still cannot get X to work, choose Changegraphics card, select Unlisted card, and when prompted on whichserver you want, choose FBDev. This is a failsafe option which workswith any modern graphics card. Then choose Test again to be sure.

Finally, you will be asked on whether you want to see the graphicalinterface at boot (figure 6-31). Note that you will be asked this even if

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you chose not to test the configuration. Obviously, you want to answer

No if your machine will act as a server or if you were not successful

in getting the display configured.

Figure 6-31. Graphical interface at boot?

Define an optional default userYou are now presented a dialog (figure 6-32) which will enable your

computer to automatically launch the chosen window manager for the

chosen user.

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Figure 6-32. Choose the default user

If you choose a user in the pull-down list and then click OK, youwon’t be prompted for a password when you boot your machine. The

window manager selected will be launched and anybody will be able

to use your system without a password. However, you can login with

another account simply by logging out from the default login.

WarningThis behavior is obviously not well-suited for a computerused by more than one person. If you want to share yourcomputer with others, or simply want to avoid the possibil-ity that someone rebooting the computer will have accessto your stuff, simply click Cancel here and you will be pre-sented the good old login dialog.

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It’s finished!

There you are. Installation is now complete and your GNU/ Linux sys-

tem is ready to use. You can start GNU/ Linux or Windows , whichever

you prefer (if you are dual-booting), as soon as the computer has

booted up again.

How to uninstall GNU/Linux

Well, that is not recommended, as you may regret it soon, but, that’s

your right :-)

In fact you just need to uninstall the boot loader (generally GRUB ) from

the Master Boot Record (MBR). To do so, boot under DOS and run the

command

fdisk /mbr

If you have another OS, consult its doc about doing the same thing.

Goodbye, and Thanks for using Linux-Mandrake hope to see you

again soon :-)

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Chapter 7. Introduction to the UserGuide

Welcome, and thank you for using Linux-Mandrake! This book is di-

vided into two parts: an Installation guide and a User Guide. The In-

stallation guide will help you installing your Linux-Mandrake dis-

tribution by describing the preparation, installation and post-installation

procedures. The User Guide will help you using your Linux-Mandrake

system on a daily basis. Here is a summary of each chapter of the User

Guide:

Manual de usuario Linux Mandrake.pdf

Documents

Transcript of Manual de usuario Linux Mandrake.pdf