Manual 708 Final
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Routing & Switching
Protocol
MINT-708
LAB MANUAL
Submitted by:- Nehal Sharma
1282695
Submitted to : Dr. Mike MacGregor
Secod reader: Shaha!a" Mir
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Abstract
Inter-networking is an essential element of data communication networks. The
existence of networking begins from home and it covers huge enterprises all
across the globe. It could be simple or complex at times, depending on thestructure of the network. It is one of the basic ingredients of a healthy
communication system. It helps an organization, in one part of the world to
exchange information with an organization in another part of the word. In order
to share the data or to operate various other operations the concept of Inter-
networking has played a revolutionary role. The impact it has on the working of
institutions and common person is beyond imagination. nd, the leaders working
in this industry believes that inter-networking has huge potential.
The information shared in this manual is very simple yet very challenging for
network engineers. It will help the reader in understanding the topics with much
more clarity. It will assist a reader to analyze the theoretical and practical
concepts of !"#$". The basic knowledge of routing and switching protocols in
this manual will indulge the reader to explore these topics from root level to the
expert level. %y entire approach was to create an environment, where a reader
finds it nourishing for his#her brain and transforms him#her to handle the real
world Inter-networks.
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Table of content
!' 1( 'asic )nowledge ................................................................................................................................ *
1 +a relab for 'asic )nowledge ..............................................................................................................
1+b !' /0/2I3/(- ............................................................................................................................... 4
"etwork ddress Translation ..................................................................................................................... 11
& +a relab for "T#T ......................................................................................................................... 1&
&+b "etwork 5iagram (- ..................................................................................................................... 1*
& +c "T#T I ddressing 3chema.............................................................................................. 16
2(d) LAB EXERCISE:- .................................................................................................................... 1
7irtual-!an and 3panning Tree rotocol ..................................................................................................... &1
8 +a relab 9or 7!" and 3T ................................................................................................................ &&
8+b "etwork diagram(-....................................................................................................................... &8
8+c 7!" : 3T I ddressing 3chema(- ........................................................................................ &;
3(d) LAB EXERCISE:- .................................................................................................................... &6
3tatic routing ............................................................................................................................................... 8 32?/% .................................................................................. 8*
4(d) LAB EXERCISE:- .................................................................................................................... 8;
outing Information rotocol ..................................................................................................................... 84
*a relab for outing Internet rotocol ................................................................................................ = 32?/% ............................................................... ==
5(d) LAB EXERCISE:- .................................................................................................................... =*
@pen 3hort ath 9irst .................................................................................................................................. =;a relab for @pen 3hortest ath 9irst .................................................................................................. =4
;+b "etwork 5iagram ........................................................................................................................ *ateway rotocol ...................................................................................................... ;*
+b "etwork 5iagram ........................................................................................................................ ;6
+c 'order >ateway rotocol I 55/33I"> 32?/% ................................................................ ;4
"(d) LAB EXERCISE:- .................................................................................................................... 6 I 55/33I"> 32?/% ......................................................................... 66
#(d) LAB EXERCISE:- .................................................................................................................... 6
I7; ddressing .......................................................................................................................................... ateway rotocol
=.
Integrated system to integrated system
*.
I %ulticast
;.
3panning Tree protocol
nd, so on and so forth.
"ow, letDs talk about the physical layer. In order to establish a physical connectionwe need wires or fiber cable. In networking there are two basic standards of AT
or 3T wires(-
a)
Crossoer cable: - 5ifferent cables with different standard come in the
market like cat *, ; or 6 etc. 2rossover cable is used for connecting two
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;
same devices like switch to a switch. $ire has two ends clamped with E=*
connector. 'ut color combination of wires is also important .there are two
types of color combination one is *; and other is *; '
5"A 5"B
*&re color *&re Color
1 >reen white 1 @range white
& >reen & @range
8 @range white 8 >reen white
= 'lue = 'lue
* 'lue white * 'lue white
; @range ; >reen
6 'rown white 6 'rown white 'rown 'rown
"ow, for a crossover cable one end of cable should be *; and other should be
*; '.
b.
Stra&+'t t'ro$+' cable: -3traight cable is used for connecting two different
devices like switch to a router. $ire has two ends clamped with E=*
connector. 'ut color combination of wires is also important. 3o, for acrossover cable one end of cable should be *; and other should be *;
too.
There are other cables as well like serial cable as they are used on serial ports
on routers. @ne end is 5T/ and other is 52/.
2onsole 2able is basically a rollover cable which is used to connect computer
terminal to a router console port. The ports are same in console cable so it can
connect two serial devices with the same cable.
2onsole server is a device which is used for accessing system consoles like
router or a switch. It allows user to access the network by using the
applications like telnet, ssh etc.
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6
uxiliary port is a synchronous serial port with C-=* connector on the other
side. It is used for connecting to the external modem. If the regular
connectivity fails it is used to troubleshoot or access routers.
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1 (a) Prelab for Basic Knowledge
F1. $hy the concept of subnetting is reBuired in networkingG
F&.$hy the command I subnet-zero is importantG
F8. $rite down the 2I5 value and its class of following(-
a.
#11
b.
#&4
c.
#1;
F=. "etwork address is given as 16&.1;.
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4
1(b) LAB !R"#S:-
,n an c&sco ro$ter:-
$rite the commands to copy flash from a T9T server
fter copying the flash on your system, delete the flash from cisco router. $hen the router comes in rommon mode, copy the flash back on it and
write the commands used on router.
fter copying flash on router set a password
elease the router and telnet again
$hen the router ask for password donHt put the password that you set on
the contrary try to recover or set a new password.
2onfigure any two ports with I address
"ow, erase the "7% and reload
,n an Alcatel ro$ter:-
2onfigure the cards
2onfigure interfaces with any I address
2heck the flash file
5elete primary config file +.,T /RI0AR1-I0AE
fter the successful completion of above mentioned tasks document the
following(-
,n an c&sco Alcatel ro$ter:-
$rite all the commands categorically which were used to perform all the steps in
both the routers
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1ive I addresses to routers !2T/!, 1, &, 8, = and 3$1 accordingto I addressing schema.
2)
Conf&+$re Stat&c Ro$t&n+
2onfigure static routing on all the routers with one route to each
destination
ing from 1 loopback < to 3$1 loopback and I'>G
F*.$hat do you understand by the term next-hop selfG
F;. $hat is administrative weight and is it communicated to other routersG
F6. $hat is the maximum suppress time for route-dampeningG
a.
1* seconds or half life
b.
8< seconds or two times half lifec.
=* seconds or three times half life
d.
;< seconds or four times half life
F.$hy I'> and I> synchronization is important(-
a.
To make more loops within 3
b.
To prevent '> routing loops within an 3
c.
To create infinite loops in the neighbor 3
d.
"one of the above
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;;
F4. 2onfederation in '> is a way of(-
a.
2ontrol large number of @39 peers
b.
2ontrol small number of I peers
c.
2ontrol large number of I'> peers.d.
2reate small number of I> peers
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;6
8(b) %etwor iagra*
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;
ra% a %ell labeled .et%or d&a+ra6 %&t' &7 address on t'e
&nterfaces
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;4
8(c) Border 0atewa7 Protocol #P ARSS#%0 S"2A
R,8TER I/ ARESSI.
Internal I ddressing ange 16&.1;.0.
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6ro6 R2 7&n+ loo7bac= of R>ro6 R3 7&n+ loo7bac= of R"
>ro6 R4 7&n+ loo7bac= of R2
>ro6 R5 7&n+ loo7bac= of R"
>ro6 R 7&n+ loo7bac= of R9
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6&
Lab-9
I MULTIA#TIN.
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68
#P 2ulticasting
I ddressing is categorizing into three genres one is unicast, second is broadcast
and finally third is multicast. If a data is supposed to be transmitted to a single
receiver then the unicast addressing is used. If a data packet needs to reach all
the systems in the subnetwork then, broadcast address is used. 'ut, if a datagram
is supposed to travel to a set of system which forms a group which is called
multicast group then, multicast address is used.
Anicasting and 'roadcasting of data packets can be done by using class , class '
and 2lass 2 addresses. 'ut, the multicasting of datagrams can be done using only
2lass 5 address which is ranged between &&=.
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6=
9a) Prelab #P 2ulticasting
F1. $hat is the class of addresses that falls in range of I multicast addressG
a.2lass
b.
2lass 'c.
2lass 2
d.
2lass 5
F&. $hat is I address &&=.
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6*
9(b) %etwor iagra*
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6;
ra% a %ell labeled .et%or d&a+ra6 %&t' &7 address on t'e
&nterfaces
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66
9(c)#P 2L'#"AS'#%0 #P ARSS#%0 S"2A
R,8TER I/ ARESSI.
Internal I addressing ange 16&.1;.0.
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6
9(d) LAB !R"#S:-
9)
/ro&d&n+ I/ address to all t'e ro$ters:-
>ive I addresses to routers 1, &, 8 and = according to I
addressing schema.
7erify the connectivity by using command S'o% &7 &nterface br&ef
command.
2)Conf&+$re I/ 6$lt&cast&n+
3elect one rendezvous point + and give that to all the routers.
2onfigure rotocol independent multicast +I%
2onfigure 3parse mode for multicasting on all routers.
2onfigure default route among routers
2onfigure cisco group management protocol on routers appropriately.
7erify enabled multicasting by using command(- s'o% &7 6$lt&cast
&nterface ;&nterface
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64
Lab-1;
I A'%##IN. !%#I*N 1
(I 21)
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ive I v; addresses to routers 1, & and 8.
2hoose #;= ipv; addresses for the interfaces on all the three routers
2onnect a loopback to every router with a valid Iv; address.
2)Conf&+$re RI/n+
2onfigure Ing on all the three routers
7erify it by using command on all the routers( s'o% &7 ro$teand
s'o% &7 r&7
3)
Conf&+$re ,S/> 3
2onfigure @39 v8 on all the three routers but no need to remove RI/n+
7erify it by using command on all the routers( s'o% &7 ro$teands'o% &7 os7f
fter the successful completion of above mentioned tasks document the
following(-
9
S'o% r$nof all the routers.
2
7erified output on step & and step 8
3
S'o% &7 7rotocolson all routers and s'o% &7 &nterface ;&nterface