Manual 2012 Religion

7/30/2019 Manual 2012 Religion

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201Rel ig ious FReedoms

Religious FReedoms

Everyone has the right to reedom o thought, conscience and religion; thisright includes reedom to change his religion or belie, and reedom, eitheralone or in community with others and in public or private, to maniest hisreligion or belie in teaching, practice, worship and observance.Artile 18, Uniersal Delaration o Human Rights. 1948.

FReedom oF THougHT, CoNsCieNCe ANd ReligioN

FReedom To AdoPT ANdTo CHANge oNes ReligioN oR BelieF

FReedom To mANiFesT THese RigHTs


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202 Rel ig ious FReedoms

on 6 Janary 2010, x Cptc Chrtan an

a m ar wr ht n eypt a th

Chrtan t a chrch n Na Haa

wn Chrta ma. Th ht wr

r r a pan car.

Accrn t rprt thr n wr arrt-

tw ay atr, n 8 Janary, an char

wth prtat rr, pttn th

ctzn n anr, an aa t pbc

an prvat prprty n 9 Janary.

evn thh th arrt n a a tp n

th rht rctn by Han Rht Watch

(HRW), t nt nh. HRW ar that

th rtn n ca k th t ca n th

a nvv nt t pr crna n-

vtatn bt t tt th ca prvaty.

otn cpnatn pa t th a

th vct.sarah lah Whtn, m eat drctr

HRW, ca n th eyptan vrnnt t

pnt a r capan rpct r

r vrty an qa rht r a.

Th htn, th atrath (ntratn

nn n th arrt m an Chr-

tan; arrt actvt payn thr cn-

illusTRATioN sToRY

nc t th a th vct th

htn) an th tratnt th ca by

th athrt hhht th prcar t-

atn Cptc Chrtan n eypt. Cpt ar

th vct r hatr an attack

n th rn thr r aatn

an practc. in t anna rprt r th yar

2010 HRW acc eypt wpra -

crnatn aant eyptan Chrtan, a

w a ca ntranc htrx m-

ct.

(src: Han Rht Watch. 2010. Egypt:Free Activists Detained on Solidarity Visit; H-an Rht Watch. 2011. World Report 2011.)

Disussion Questions

1. What y thnk wr th ran r th

tratnt Cptc Chrtan n eypt?

2. Hav y har cparab ncnt nyr cntry r rn?

3. Whch ntrnatna han rht tan-

ar hav bn vat?

4. Hw can ar tatn b prvnt

r ccrrn?

5. Whch ntrnatna ntttn an pr-

cr xt t ar ch ca?


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Need To KNoW

1. RELIGIOUS F REEDOMS:

STILL A LONG WAY TO GO

mn pp bv that thr -

thn abv hankn that pr-

tay. Fr what y bv n y ay b

rc t ny t, t av yr ay, b pr-

ct, prn r vn k.

in th thr cntry BC Bht wr pr-

ct n ina bca thy bv n th

tachn Bha. Fr th nnth cntry

Ad nwar erp dark A m-

an thr nn-Chrtan bvr wr

prct n th na g. Thn, th

war r th xpann th ottan epr

an ia trr erp. Jw wr ck

n htt nt ny by Chrtan bt by m-

vn br. Th xtnctn th natvnhabtant latn Arca a tk pac

n th cr thr Chrtanatn.

in th pat an n th prnt, pp hav

bn thratn r thr b an cnvc-

tn. Th abty t bv n thn an

t ant t knwn an prtct a reli-

gious reedom. it nt ny a a bt a

a ra . R b trny pr-

va n prvat phr bca thy tch

No man by nature is bound unto any particular church or sect, buteveryone joins himsel voluntarily to that society in which he believes hehas ound that proession and worship which is truly acceptable to God.The hope o salvation, as it was the only cause o his entrance into thatcommunion, so it can be the only reason o his stay there []. A church,

then, is a society o members voluntarily uniting to that end.John Loke.A Letter Concerning Toleration. 1869.

prna cnvctn an th nrtann

r wr.

Fath a ajr nt t xpr n c-

tra ntty, whch why r r

ch a ntv tpc t ar an

t ca r ct than thr han

rht .

Anthr prb ha hnr th ratn

r r n ntrnatna han

rht aw. Thrht th wr, rn

an b ar ky nt ptc. R-

b an r ar tn

r ptca an an ca t pwr,

tn rtn n an arnt

whn rn an ptc ar nk.

Aqat prtctn ha bc a th r

prn n rcnt yar a r ntr-

anc an prctn ar at th rrnt any trac cnfct arn th wr n-

vvn prb thncty, rac r rp

hatr. Prctn n r rn can

b n n crrnt cnfct btwn bv-

r an nn-bvr, btwn tratna

an nw rn, r btwn tat wth

an ca r nant rn an nv-

a r cnt nt bnn t t.


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At prnt, vatn r r

ar n thrht th wr. sytatc

pprn crtan b, hwvr,

prnt n th wn cntr: n Bra

a r nrt ar prct n par-

tcar th m Rhnya, bt a Prt-

tant an Bht nk; th Nrth Kranvrnnt rar a r b an

rt b th Jch y a an arnt

aant th prnaty ct arn th K

ay an a a vatn th vrnnt

athrty; n eypt, w crnatn

aant Cpt, rthx Chrtan, Baha,

Aha, Krant, sha an s m

a w a vrnt ant-st; n ertra,

wr Jhvah Wtn, evan-ca Chrtan an th Pntcta mvnt

ar partcar tart pprn; n iran,

thr crnatn aant an prc-

tn th Baha, s, m nt

an Chrtan, n iraq an Nra aant

Chrtan an n Paktan aant th Ah-

a. in Chna, uhr m n Xn-

jan, Prttant, Fan gn wr an

Tbtan Bht ar partcary act.

in san, Chrtan ar crnataant, n sa-Araba, sht m an

iat. Fnay, w harh crna-

tn aant nn-rtr r rp

n Trkntan an uzbktan. Vatn

r r ran r th Chr-

tan r nanta n th untstat Arca, t th ntncatn r-

xtr n ia, a w a t nw

r ant-st (.. ar an hatr

Jw/Ja) n var cntr, an,

pcay nc th attack n Wahntn

an Nw Yrk n sptbr 11, 2001, t an

ncran bt tn vrk iaph-

ba (.. ar an hatr m/ia) n

th unt stat an erp.

Thr ar, nrtnaty, nr thr

ca t xpy th rncy an

wth r r pcay whn thy

ar nk wth xtr. Th phn-

nn w b c atr.

Religious Freedom

and Human SeurityTh r r ar a ky va

han crty. Th ky va -

ny thratn by th vatn

r r. i y cannt bv

n whatvr g r cncpt th n-

vr y k, prna r an -

crty w ran t rach. Thrat

t th r thht, b an cn-

cnc, b an rn rcty actbth nva an rp n nrn

an vpn prna ntrty.

Whn crnatn an prctn n

r rn ar ytatc r nt-

ttna, thy ay a t tnn

wthn cnt r vn ntrnatn-

a cr. Th ant ncrty can b

nva, rp, r vn tat. Th

nptnt an vr-prnt nac t

prna crty n rn br rn ca r pca prtctv

No peace between nations

without peace between religions;no peace between religions withoutdialogue between religions.

No dialogue between religionswithout search or the

oundations o religions.Hans Kng,

Prnt Wtth (gba ethc Fnatn).


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ar. Han rht catn an

arnn ar ky t th rpct r th-

r thht an r b. Tharnn prc rpct, tranc

an han nty cannt b achv

by rc. it ha t b a n-tr c-

tnt ach an vryn nvv

n rr t crat nva an ba

crty.

2. DEFINITION AND DEScRIpTION

OF THE ISSUE

What Is Religion?

Thr no ommon defnition rn

n phphca r cca cn.

Hwvr, a nbr cn nt

hav bn prp n ntn.

Rn, tycay, rat t th latn

religare, rr t bnn. Rn bn

th bvr t Abt cncpta- thr n prna r prna tr.

it nray nc a t rt an rta,

r an ratn that nab nv-

a r cnt t rat thr xtnc

t a g r g. Accrn t mtn

J. Ynr, rn rprnt a system o be-lies and practices by means o which peoplestruggle with the ultimate problems o lie.

By cparn, Back law dctnary -n rn a A [humans] relation to Di-vinity, to reverence, worship, obedience, andsubmission to mandates and commandmentso supernatural or superior lie orms. In itsbroadest sense [religion] includes all orms obelie in the existence o a higher power whichexercises power over human beings by, impos-ing sanctions and rules o conduct, togetherwith uture rewards and punishment.

Th an ar ntn ncrprat th

rcntn th xtnc thn s-

pr, Hy, Abt, Trancnnt, b t

prna r prna. Th spr/ut-

at ha a nratv nctn, an bv-

r ar xpct t w th tachn anr cnct thr rn, a th way

t th Abt. Bvr ar a xpct

t xpr thr r b n varyn

r wrhp r ct. otn, thh nt

away, a a ntty, ch a a chrch r

thr ntttn tabh t ran

th rp r wrhp practc.

What Is Belie?

B a broader onet than rn.

it nc rn bt nt t t t

tratna ann. Back law dctnary

n t a a belie o the truth o a propo-sition, existing subjectively in the mind, andinduced by argument, persuasion, or prooaddressed to the judgment. Cntrary t thnarrw ntcta cncptn b a an

act rfctn, b an an act trt-

n n r ryn n thn spr (bt prna r nt, k th r Nb Trth

n Bh).

Th uN Han Rht Ctt, n t

gnra Cnt N. 22 n Artc 18 th

intrnatna Cvnant n Cv an Pt-ca Rht (IccpR), n th prtctn rn r b a w: Article 18 pro-

tects theistic, non-theistic and atheistic be-lies, as well as the right not to proess anyreligion or belie. Th gnra Cnt n t ay, The terms religion or belieare to be broadly construed. Article 18 is notlimited in its application to traditional reli-gions or to religions and belies with institu-tional characteristics or practices analogousto those o traditional religions. The Com-mittee thereore views with concern any ten-

dency to discriminate against any religion orbelie or any reason, even i they are newlyestablished, or represent religious minorities


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that may be the subject to hostility by a pre-dominant religious community.(src: unt Natn Han Rht

Ctt. 1993. General Comment No. 22(48) on Art. 18 o the International Conventon Civil and Political Rights.)

B any thr natr whthr p-

tca, ctra, cntc, r cnc

nt a nr th prtctn an hav t b

trat rnty.

Freedom o Expression andFreedom o the Media

What Are Religious Freedoms?

in ntrnatna aw, r r ar

prtct a reedom o thought, onsiene

and religion.

Th thr bac r appy qay

t thtc, nn-thtc an athtc b

a w a antc ptn an nc a

b wth a trancnnt r taphyca

vw th nvr an a nratv c bhavr.

Fr rn an b n a trct

n nc r oan r romrn an b, whch can b nrt

a th rht t nt t accpt any r

nr r attt.

Freedom o thought and onsiene pr-

tct n th a way a r r-

n an b. it ncpa r thht n a attr, prna cnvctn

an th ctnt t a rn r b

whthr xpr nvay r n c-

nty wth thr.

Fr cncnc tn vat, a

trat by th nbr prnr

cncnc a vr th wr. Th prn-

r ty bn t r nrt.

Fr thht an cncnc an th

r t ch an chan a rn rb ar roteted unonditionally. N

n can b cp t rva h r hr

thht r b a t ahr t a rn

r b.

International StandardsHan rht aw av th cntrvry

abt nn rn an b an cn-

tan a atalogue o rights t prtct r

thht, cncnc, rn an b. T

bttr nrtan th cpxty r

r, a cacatn nt r v can

b a:

1. Fr t xrc partcar nva

practc

2. Fr t xrc cctv practc

3. Fr partcar ntttn

4. Fr r rn

1. Freedom to Exercise Particular Individual

Practices:

Artcle 18 o the unversal declaraton o H-

man Rghts (udHR) entfes religious free-

dom as everyones right, whch means tprotects chlren an alts, natonals an

alens eqally, an cannot be restricted

even in times of emergency or war. The

lst o nval relgos reeoms state n

Artcle 18 o the internatonal Covenant on

Cvl an Poltcal Rghts (iCCPR) proves

a etale enncaton o the rghts that all

wthn an nternatonally accepte mnmm

stanar:

Thefreedomtoworshiporassemble

n cnnctn wth a rn r b,

an t tabh an antan pac

r th prp;

The freedom to make, acquire, and

t an aqat xtnt th nc-

ary artc an atra rat t

th rt r ct a rn rb;


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The freedom to solicit and receive

vntary nanca an thr cntr-

btn r nva an ntt-tn;

Thefreedomto train,appoint,elect,

r nat by ccn apprpr-

at ar accrn t th rqr-

nt an tanar any rn

r b;

Thefreedom to observedaysofrest

an t cbrat hy ay an cr-

n n accranc wth th pr-

cpt n rn r b;

Religiousfreedomsattheworkplace,

ncn th rht t prayr, r

c an tary ratn;

The freedomof assembly and asso-

catn r wrhp an r t-

va;

Thefreedomtoproclaimonesbelief;

Therighttochangeorrejectonesre-

n; The right to religious education in

th bt ntrt th ch.

(src: unt Natn. 1996. Art. 18o theInternational Covenant on Civiland Political Rights.)

2. Freedom to Exercise Collective Practices:

R rht nt ny ntt nv-a t njy th abv ntn r. A

rn r b can b an ay an-

t n cnty an thrr tn n

pbc pac. Th p th rantn

r aby an acatn t th

cnty bvr a w.

3. Freedom of Particular Institutions:

Partcar ntttn ba n r

rn a njy prtctn by thr rn. Th ntttn can

b h wrhp r catna ntt-

tn an wth r attr, r vn

Ngo.

Their rights inlude:

The freedom to establishandmain-

tan apprprat chartab r han-

taran ntttn;

Thefreedomtowrite,publishanddis-

nat rvant pbcatn;

Thefreedomtoteachareligionorbe-

n tab pac.

(src:unt Natn. 1981.Declara-tion on the Elimination o All Forms oIntolerance and o Discrimination Basedon Religion or Belie.)

4. Freedom from Religion

Natv r rn r r

ntraty an that nn-r ctzn

can nvk r r rn n th pb-

c an. in grany, r xap, na-tv r r r r ntraty

ha bn partcary pha nc th

Fra Cntttna Crt n th crc-

x jnt ha c that attachn

a cr r crcx n th car a

cpry tat ch, whch nt a ath

ch, cntravn Artc 4 (1) grany

Fnanta law. Th r ntraty

rach a nw cax wth nw aw ann an thr pntatn n ht

gran ra tat; thy nc vr

rtrctn n warn r yb n-

cn hacarv n th pbc ctr. Th

han rht ranatn Han Rht

Watch (HRW) ha crtc grany pr-

nnc r ntraty nar, a th

nw ratn w vat grany

ntrnatna rpnbty t prtct r-

r a w a th rht t qa-ty br th aw. Franc an B hav

a ha aw an prhbtn rarn th


8/23


warn r yb an r n th

pbc an nc 2011.

The prinile o Non-Disriminationdcrnatn an ntranc n r

rn, whch an any tnctn, x-

cn, rtrctn, r prrnc ba n

rn r b, ar prhbt. Th prhb-

tn r crnatn an ntr-

anc nt t t th pbc an bt

a app t th prvat phr nv-

a n whch b a r r thr na-

tr ar rt.

Non-Discrimination

Eduation

Parnt hav th rht t cat thr ch-

rn accrn t thr ath. Th prvn

n th bt ntrt th ch ntn

t t th r actn parnt ny

whr a r practc can njr a ch

phyca r nta hath. sch a practc can

b th ra ca tratnt r chcatn. Th ra b trann,

r xap, ay a t th ath chrn

Jhvah Wtn wh b nt

aw b trann n prncp.

in th pbc an tat hav th b-

atn t prv catn whch prtct

chrn r r ntranc an -

crnatn an r crrca ncn

th tachn r thht, cn-cnc an rn.

Human Rights o the ChildRight to Education

Disussion Questions

How is religious instruction handled in

yr cntry?

Doschoolcurriculaandtextbooksinyour

cntry a wth r rn an

b, ncn r nt t bv? Are theresafeguards in yourcountryfor

th npnnc r ntrctn?

Maniesting Faith

Th r t ant a r b

nc prtctn r ana,

tachn, practc, wrhp an brv-anc that b. W hav th rht t tak

abt r ath, t tach t, practc t an

r wth thr, brv tary ratn

an cthn rqrnt, r partc-

ar ana, an cbrat rta acat

wth r ath. mantatn rn r

b a an bn ab t av ac-

tn that ar ncpatb wth prncp

a ath. sch actn ay b th ra

ath, tary rvc, an partcpatn n

r crn, cnn, r ra

ca tratnt.

Limits o Religious Freedom

Whra b t prtct wtht

rrvatn, th antatn b can

rach t whn th ntrt thr ar

at tak.

Artc 9 o th europan Convnton on Hu-man Rht (EcHR), or xamp, pcf that

rtrcton on th rht to mant a rou

b hav to b proportionate and based on

law. Thy can ony b mpo whn nc-

ary to protct pubc curty, orr, hath,

mora, or th unamnta rht an r-

om o othr. lmtaton on th rom ar

prmb, or xamp, n th ca o human

acrfc, -acrfc, ma nta muta-ton, avry, orc prottuton, ubvrv

actvt an othr practc thratnn hu-

man hath an boy ntrty.

3. INTERcULTURAL

pERSpEcTIvES AND

cONTROvERSIAL ISSUES

State and Faith

Wrw, n th ajr arntrarn th prtctn r r

cncrn th relationshi between states


9/23


and their itizens religions or belies. Thr

ar vra prncpa pattrn hw tat

can ntract wth ath: tat rn, -

tabh chrch, tat ntraty twarath an thr ntttn, n ca r-

on, paraton o church an tat, an pro-

tcton o ay rcon rou roup.

intrnatona tanar o not rqur a pa-

raton o tat an church an o not prcrb

any partcuar mo o ratonhp btwn

a tat an b. Thy o not rqur th v-

on o cuar oct whch banh ron

rom pubc aar, athouh th paraton

o ron rom th tat a major charactr-

tc o morn (Wtrn) oct.

Th o ntrnatona rqurmnt that any

ratonhp btwn tat an church hou

not rut n crmnaton aant tho

who ar not o th ofca ron or o th

rcon ath. But whr ony one ron

takn to b conttutv o natona ntty,

t fcut to that qua tratmnt o -

rnt or mnorty ath can b uarant.Accorn to Wtrn vw, a nutra ra-

tonhp btwn ron an tat ar mor

ky to uarant u protcton o th r-

ou rom o th nvua. By contrat,

tratona iamc Shariah aw, or xamp,

nk tat wth ath bcau th ytm

rar a provn bttr protcton o r-

ou rom or th communty. it can b

aru, howvr, that whr th tat con-nct wth a partcuar church or ron, t

unky that th rht o mmbr o r-

ou mnort rcv qa prtctn.

Disussion Questions

What is the attitudeof yourcountry to-

war rnt b?

Does your country recognise institutions

rnt ath?

Doyouthink it ispossible toestablishayt qaty a ath wh prv-

n n?

Doyouconsideritlegitimatetorecognise

cnna r r ptca part?

Aostasy the Freedomto choose and change Faiths

Th act aptay avn a rn r

anthr rn r r a car ty

a t cntrvra an rnt

ctr pt car ntrnatna tan-

ar.

A prn an aptat thy av a r-

n an thr apt anthr rn r a-

a car ty. Htrcay, ia,

Chrtanty an thr rn hav takn a

vry vw aptat. Th pnaty r

aptay wa tn ath.

in ia, aptay t vry pnh

n any cntr whr cty ba nShariah aw. Cntr k Ahantan,iran, inna, ina, Paktan, sa Ara-

ba r eypt tan r any thr whr

prnnt r th ath pnaty r

pny rjctn th iac ath ay b -p. in practc, th an that thr n

r t ch r chan n rn

r b.

Th n car cntractn wth ntrna-

tna han rht aw. A prn ha th

rht t ch thr b ry an wth-

t crcn. Th bat n th

hhy tna an ntv a t tch

n p cnvctn an rnt nr-tann r r. it trat

th ctra rnc n th prcptn

r an thr r an t

rntat btwn th Wt an th

rt th wr.

Disussion questions

Do you believe people can choose and

chan thr b ry?

Could this lead to acollisionwith otherhan rht? i , wth whch han

rht?


10/23

210 R el ig io us FRe edo ms

proselytism the Right to Disseminate

Ones Belie

evry prn ha th rht t nat

thr b an t ncra pp t cn-vrt r n ath t anthr a n a n

crcn r rc . Th actn ca

prytn r vann.

in Cntra erp, eatrn erp an Arca

cnfct hav arn btwn ca chrch

an rn rn prtn nary

prra. in crtan ca, vrnnt hav

rbn ch prra. Han rht aw

rqr that vrnnt prtct th rht

t r xprn, an that bv-

r njy r t na n nn-crcv

r prytn, ch a r appa

t cncnc r th pay pacar r

bbar.

Frcn by t cnvrt t anthr ath

cary a vatn han rht, bt th

qtn a t what cnr crcn

t nt rat n ntrnatna aw. Cr-

cv crctanc that w a t ta-tn prytn: th ny, t

r prv n rr t ak a prn cn-

vrt; prytn n pac whr pp ar

prnt by rc aw (car, tary

ntaatn, prn an th k).

Initing Religious Hatred and Freedom o

Exression

in ary 2006, han rht rp n th uKnt that th nw Raca an R

Hatr B, whch ntrc a nw nc

nctn r hatr, t nt prvnt

th rht t crtc an rc r b-

an practc a part th r x-

prn. Th b wa an accrny.

Freedom o Expression andFreedom o the Media

consientious Objetion to Military SerieTh ntrctra cntrvry vr what

ca cncnt bjctn t cp-

ry tary rvc cntn. on can b

xpt r tary rvc th b-

atn t tha rc ry cnfct

wth n b an prn thrath ar nt at a avanta a a rt.

A crtan trn t acknw ch a rht

by natna atn can b nt n

cntr whr atrnatv cnty

rvc rn (r xap n Atra,

Franc, Canaa, r th usA). Hwvr, n

thr cntr ch a Bar, Ch, Tr-

ky, Trkntan, Arna r ira cn-

cnt bjctn t tary rvc nt

rcn an pp ay b nt t prn

r rn t carry a wapn.

Disussion Questions

Are there prisoners of conscience in

yr cntry?

Doyouthinkthereisaneedfortheright

trt k t b xpcty rcnn ntrnatna han rht?

4. IMpLEMENTATION AND

MONITORING

Th man probm wth th mpmntaton

o rou rom th ack o ctv n-

orcmnt o Artc 18 o th iCCPR. Th 1981

UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms

of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on

Religion or Belief, whch wa cat to thfht aant ntoranc, natv trotyp-

n, an tmataton o ron, aant

ca or vonc an vonc aant pop

on th ba o ron an b, ha a cr-

tan a ct a t may b n a confrm-

n cutomary ntrnatona aw. gnray,

thouh, a caraton not ay bnn.

dpt an ntrnatona armnt on th

n or a convnton thr not yt a con-

nu a to t pob contnt.A spca Rapprtr n R intr-

anc ha bn tabh n 1986 t ntr


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th pntatn th 1981 dcaratn.

Thr anat any t nty ncnt

an vrnnt actn that ar ncnt-

nt wth prvn n th dcaratn ant ak rcnatn n ra

ar whch h b takn by th r-

pctv tat. Ry tvat pr-

ctn an crnatn act nva

a w a cnt a ath a vr

th wr. Thy ran r vatn th

prncp r nn-crnatn

an tranc an b t attack n th

rht t , phyca ntrty, an han

crty th nva.

Rna han rht ntrnt a a

wth th r rn: Th Arcan

Cn n Han Rht pa a r-

n n a ca cncrnn san tatn that

th appcatn th Shariah aw ha t bn accranc wth ntrnatna batn.

Th erpan Crt Han Rht (eC-

tHR) n strabr n th t ctvntrnt t pnt r r

n a rna erpan v. Nr c-

n, .. th rn n scnty n Ra

( eCtHR. 2007.Case Church o ScientologyMoscow v. Russia, 5 Apr, 2007) r th rnrarn th rcntn Jhvah Wt-

n a a r cnty n Atra

( eCtHR. 2008. Case Jehovahs Witnesses

et al v. Austria, 31 Jy, 2008) ar pr th. Th t rcnt rn n th crcxcn n itaan tat ch a pnt

nt th rctn ( eCtHR. 2011. CaseLautsi et al v. Italy, 18 march, 2011).Thr ar a any b an ct-

t wthn th Cnc erp an th

oranzatn r scrty an C-pratn

n erp (osCe), an wth th rht t

r thht, cncnc, rn an

y.

preentie Measures and

Strategies or the Future

Prr t cntnn th wrk n a ay

bnn cnvntn, th 1981 UN Declarationon the Elimination o All Forms o Intoleranceand o Discrimination Based on Religion orBelieha t b bttr prt n rr tvp a culture o multi-religious cohabita-tion. Partcar pha ha t b pt nth r catn a an nta an

cbatn r ntranc an -

crnatn. stat hav car t nr

ntrnatna aw t cntr vnc an

crnatn n attr b. Ngo,

r an car ranatn hav an

qay car r n hhhtn vatn

by tat an thr, n nn th pr-

ct an prtn tranc thrh

nratn capan, ran awarn,

catna prra an tachn.

What can We Do?

W can tart t prvnt crnatn anr prctn by rpctn th rht

thr. R tranc nctat r-

pctn wr otherath, whthr rnt w thnk that thr b tr. A c-

tr tranc an rpct an that w

r t crnat, nrat r vy th

r thr an rpct th nanta

rht t b dierenta n r aar.

it a an rn t crnat aantthr n pynt, accatn an

acc t ca rvc n th rn

thr ath. Frthrr, n rr t brn

abt a chan n attt, thr a n r

ntrath a, a w a r bvr an

nn-bvr t t n cn rn an

arn t rpct ach thr.


12/23


1. GOOD pRAcTIcES

Interaith Dialogue or Religious pluralism

Thrht th at tw ca qtn

abt r an ctra pra hav

rawakn ntrt n chrch an r

cnt. Thr a n rncy t

b cratv ratnhp btwn pp

rnt ath. A ntrt n a ha

rwn, ha t acta practc, nabn

var r cnt t nrtan

n anthr bttr an t wrk tthr r

cy n catn, cnfct rtn an

vryay cnty . International NGOs

prtn r a an pac ar,

ant any thr:

TheWorldCouncilofChurches;

The World Conference on Religion and

Pac (WCRP) wth t prannt wrknrp n rn an han rht;

TheWorldParliamentofReligions;

TheGlobalEthicFoundation.

Nr loal and regional initiaties

ar rthrn cnfct rtn an cn-

fct prvntn thrh a arn th

wr:

IntheMiddleEast,Clergy or Peace brntthr rabb, prt, patr an an ira an n th Wt Bank r cn

actn an t b wtn t pac an j-

tc n th rn;

In Southern India, the Council o Gracebrn tthr Hn, Chrtan, m-

, Bht, Jan, Zratran, Jw

an skh n an attpt t ar c-

nty cnfct (Cna);

InthePacic,Interaith Search brn t-thr rprntatv a tt

rn n Fj kn t vrc prj-

c an t prt ta rpct an

apprcatn r n anthr;

InEurope,theProject:InterfaithEurope

th rt nrtakn t kn t n-

vt rban ptcan an rprntatv

rnt rn r a vr erp

nt th ct graz an sarajv;

ThecityofGrazinAustriahasestablished

a Cnc r intr-r Aar, whch

c ntr-ath prb an av

th cty hw t rv th.

Disussion question

In dialogue, conviction and openness balanceeach other. (Wrw mntr g-n r intrath da: www.pca.

r/pca/w/r/a.ht)

Howcanthisbedone,individuallyandin

a cnty?

Religions or peae

through Eduation

intr-r catn ncra rpct

r pp thr ath an prpar t-

nt t cat a barrr prjc an

ntranc.

In Israel, the project Common Values/

drnt src brht tthr Jw,m an Chrtan t ty acr

txt tthr n arch har va

that thy c practc n vryay ;

th rt h vntay b a nr

ch txtbk;

InThailandandJapan,recentYth la-

rhp ethc Cap brht tthr

yn rprntatv thr cntr

r cnt r trann pr-

ra n arhp vn, ra an th-c va, cnty rvc, an n rr

t rthr rcncatn;

good To KNoW


13/23

21 3Rel ig ious FReedoms

InGermany,England,andothercountries,

catr ar anayn ch txtbk

tratnt r tratn that ar

rn t th bk ntn anc.

2. TRENDS

cults, Sets and New Religious Moements

JAKARTA (16 July 2005): Vc Pr-

nt Y Kaa cnn an attack

by abt 1,000 m n th ha-

qartr a tt-knwn iac ct

nnc a hrtca by antra

m rp arn th wr. Ar

wth batn an tn, th b at-

tack th haqartr th Ahaa-

yah ct n th twn Br, jt th

Jakarta, vanazn c an vn

qartr. Pc tr t tp th attack,

bt wr tnbr.

(src: Th Jakarta Pt. 16 Jy, 2005.VP condemns mob attack on Islamicsect.)

Fr rn nt t b ntrprt

narrwy t rr t tratna wr r-

n ny. Nw r vnt r r-

nrt ar ntt t th a

prtctn. Th prncp partcar -prtanc n ht crrnt actn n whch

nw r vnt ar rpaty tar-

t r crnatn r rprn. sch

nw vnt ar knwn by vra -

rnt tr an n t b xan r

cy.

Th tr ct an ct ar t rr

t r rp that r n thr b

an practc r antra rn.

Bth xprn ar hhy ab, bta ct nray rr t a ntn r-

rp whch ha branch r a

antra rn, whra a ct nr-

ay rar a an nrthx r pr

yt r b, tn accpa-

n by nq rta.

snc bth tr ar n by rn

r th nr, vw n what cnttt

a ct an a ct w b rnt an

rnt b. Bh an Hn

w th tr n a ntra way, wh

n th Wtrn wr ct r ct -

tn wth natv cnntatn. Th

nt ny ar r hw rnt th

rp ar r th nr, bt a bca

thy ar tn acat wth cpt -

vtn r ab n nanca attr. grp

n wth a crca rathr than r-

backrn ar nt prtct by th

han rht r r. A a

an cntrvra xap th Chrch

scnty whch n cntr gr-

any bn th bt-knwn xap nt

rcn a a chrch bca t bnn a an ntrpr.

Disussion Questions

Are minority beliefs protected in your

cntry an , hw?

Dotheyhavethesamerights/supportas

(th) ajr b()?

Women and FaithThrht htry wn hav bn -

crnat by nary a ath an t ny

aty that thr han rht r r-

ha bn ar. Wn cr-

natn n rn tw. Thy ay ack

th r t ant thr ath, thy

cannt acc pac wrhp, nr prach

nr a thr cnt n th a way

a n. in atn, thy ay bc vc-

t crtan ath whnvr r aw,practc an ct pna th r vn

thratn thr v:


14/23


Pntan, bt a a a cnqnc th

Jy 7, 2005 attack n th lnn bway,

trrr t xpt r b

r than vr. many cnc that thtrac vnt ny ark th tp th cbr

that nr th nx ath an trrr-

: th h-jackn pan, th bbn

Wtrn ba n m-nat

cntr, nt t ntn th ira/Patn

qtn an var w-ntnty cn-

fct arn th wr, b rn r

ptca ran.

Hwvr, th cnnctn vry anr.

it v th wr nt an ba

cnar an bran pp bca thr

ath. Nt vry trrrt r xtrt w b

r, jt a nt vry bvr a tr-

rrt. Whn xtrt attack ar cnnct

wth ath, wth nr can thy c-

tt a cr n th na g, rn

an t r ar an ab t -

ptcay tvat act r an.

Rcr t trrr n th na ath nt ntrat a cah rnt c-

tr ba n r b, a xtr

a ba thrat nt t t any partcar

cty r ath, bt ba n nranc an

ntranc.

Th ny way t cbat xtr ctv-

y t k r way t brak th vc cr-

c vnc nnrn r vnc.

Just as religion may wrongly be used tojustiy terrorism, so can anti-terrorismactions o governments wrongly be usedto justiy actions that undermine humanrights and reedom o religion or belie.(src: osCe. 2002.Conerence on re-ligious reedom and fght against terror-ism.Freedom o Religion and Belie.)

Therateofyounggirlsbeingmutilatedin

rra ara eypt 95 %. Female Geni-

tal Mutilation (FGM) a ctra tra-

tn n any cntr, an trnycrtc by ntrnatna han rht

prtctn tanar. svr hath prb-

ay ar bqnty ptntay r-

tn n ath. Hwvr, prr n that

ara wa a n Jn 2003 whn th Car

dcaratn r th enatn Fgm wa

n at th Ar-Arab exprt Cntatn

n la T r th Prvntn F-

a gnta mtatn by rprntatv

twnty-ht Arcan an Arab cntr

act by th practc Fgm.

Fored marriages tn rtn n av-

ry ar practc n part Nra, san,

Paktan an thr cntr. Th n r

th wan t cnnt t th arra

nt rpct. st wv ar a

yn a nn yar . Frc arra

ar a practc an crtan rp

n erp an Nrth-Arca an ar -n r trat n th na ctr,

tratn an rn n pt nra

prhbtn n ch cntr.

Rae as a seif orm o ethni leans-

ing: Th r aatn vct

wa th tvatn r a rap n

any ca n rr Yava, gra,

san, Rwana r Chchnya. Frc pr-

nanc an rap wn nr thatthy wr pbcy bran a havn bn

rap, an th ha an hnr,

prnn th pychca aa.

Th chrn cntn t b crnat

aant. An th vct wr r b-

twn th a vn an rtn.

Religious Extremism and its Imats

in th atrath th sptbr 11, 2001

attack n th Wr Tra Cntr an th


15/23


Deamation o religion:

snc 1999, thr hav bn navr wth-

n th uN t tabh aatn rn

a a nw r rac. Th navrwr ncra by th oranzatn th

iac Cnrnc (oiC) n rr t prtct

ia r attack. in 2001 th unt Na-

tn Cn n Han Rht pa

a rtn t ht aant th aatn

rn, nan ny ia. Th r-

tn tat rthr that aatn rn

a t vatn han rht an th

ran r ca ntabty n th wr. Th

rtn wa pa by th Han Rht

Cnc wth th eu tat, swtzran an

thr Wtrn cntr (.. usA, Canaa)

abtann n th rn that th cncpt

aatn rn ncntnt wth

han rht aw.

Th rtn wa n a cntractry, a

t tabh a rht r a rn rathr than

a rht r nva, whra han rht

nray prtct nva an nt cn-cpt, an a ch rn. Frthrr,

a rht aant aatn rn w

py a trn rtrctn r pn-

n. in 2009, a catn vr 180 Ngo -

car t pptn t th rtn n th

rn that t thratn r pnn.

Nvrth, th rtn wa pa by

th Han Rht Cnc.

ony n 2011 th oiC t prp a r-v rtn, whch wa accpt by a

tat n th Han Rht Cnc an n-

tn t prtct prn, wh, n th rn

thr rn r b, ar cnrnt wth

ntranc an vnc.

(src: unt Natn Han Rht

Cnc. 2011. Combating intolerance, nega-tive stereotyping and stigmatization o, anddiscrimination, incitement to violence, and

violence against persons based on religion orbelie.)

Disussion Questions

What are the main reasons for conict

wthn an btwn r cn-

t? Can y v xap r yrwn xprnc?

Whatdoyouthinkistheroleoffaithsin

th arch r pac an cnfct r-

tn? Thnk xap whr rn

hav rv a ant rcncatn.

3. cHRONOLOGY

majr tp n th htry th vpnt

r r:

1776 Vrna B Rht (1789 B

Rht wth Frt Annt)

1948 dcaratn n R lbrty

th Wr Cnc Chrch

1948 unvra dcaratn Han

Rht (udHR), Art. 2, 18

1948 Cnvntn n th Prvntn anPnhnt th Cr gn-

c, Art. 2

1950 erpan Cnvntn r th Pr-

tctn Han Rht an Fn-

anta Fr (eCHR), Art. 9

1965 dcaratn n R Fr

by th Vatcan Cnc

1966 intrnatna Cvnant n Cv an

Ptca Rht (iCCPR), Art. 18, 20,24, 26, 27

1969 Arcan Cnvntn n Han

Rht, Art. 12, 13, 16, 17, 23

1981 Arcan Chartr n Han an

Pp Rht, Art. 2, 8, 12

1981 uN dcaratn n th enatn

A Fr intranc an

dcrnatn Ba n Rn r

B


16/23


2001 unt Natn intrnatna Cn-

tatv Cnrnc n sch e-

catn n ratn wth Fr Rn an B, Tranc an

Nn-crnatn (mar)

2001 Wr Cnr r th Prrva-

tn R dvrty (Nw

dh)

2004 Arab Chartr n Han Rht

2007 osCe dcaratn n intranc

an dcrnatn aant m-

1989 Cnvntn n th Rht th

Ch (CRC), Art. 14

1990 Car dcaratn Han Rhtn ia

1992 uN dcaratn n th Rht Pr-

n Bnn t ethnc, R

an lntc mnrt, Art. 2

1993 dcaratn Twar a gba ethc,

nr by th Parant th

Wr Rn n Chca

1994 Arab Chartr r Han Rht,

Art. 26, 27

1998 Aan Han Rht Chartr, Art. 6

AcTIvITY I:WORDS THAT HURT

part I: Introdution

Th actvty a at hwn th t

r xprn whn what w r

ay cah wth th r b an

n thr.

part II: General Inormation on the atiityType of activity: dcn

Aims and objectives:

Todiscoverandacceptotherpeoplesreli-

n

Tolearnaboutlimitsofthefreedomofex-

prn

Target group: Yn at an at

Group size: 8-25

Time: At at 60 ntMaterial: Fpchart an arkr

Preparation: Prpar a fpchart an arkr

Skills involved: ltnn t thr, bnntv an accptn thr pnn

part III: Seif Inormation on the atiity

Th partcpant brantr a t hrt

cnt an trtyp rat t th-

r cncnc r r b; n that

thy knw can ca tr. Partcpant

ch a w th wrt n an wrt

th wn.dv th partcpant nt rp r t

x pp. on n ach rp h ra th

rt tatnt. At th pnt th rp ha

ar t py accpt that th cnt

hrt. Thy h c why th pr-

n hrt ht th way h r h ;

whthr pp h b aw t ay

ch thn rar thr ct; an

what t abt t whn t happn.

Rpat r ach tatnt.

seleCTed ACTiViTies


17/23


Feedback:

Hw partcpant rn th c-

n? Wa t ct t accpt that th c-

nt hav hrt thr an tay nt?What mt hou b pac on what w can

ay about othr b an thouht? shou

w away b ab to ay whatvr w k?

Methodological hints:

mak r that y ar crt an rpct-

rn th actvty by nt whn r

bjctvy vaatn th tatnt.

Suggestions for variation:

A a cn actvty: a ttr t vryn.

Wrt th na th partcpant n a

pc papr, ak vryn raw n

pc an wrt a ttr ayn kn thn t

that prn a tab n t any actv-

t that vk cntrvr an tn.

part Iv: Follow-u

i th partcpant cntn t wrk tthr,

t tab t t th rp n an tab-

h cn/cncatn r whchcan b pnn n th wa vn vryby

th chanc t rr t th n ca bt/

arnt.

Related rights:

Fr exprn an Fr th

ma

(src: unt Natn. 2004.ABC TeachingHuman Rights. Practical Activities or Primary

and Secondary Schools.)

AcTIvITY II:

MY NEIGHBOURS FAITH AND MINE

part I: Introdution

Th prncp nn-crnatn an

th prhbtn ntranc n r

rn ar th bjct th actvty.

it wrk bt wth partcpant rntr b.

part II: gnra inratn n th actvty

Type of activity: mttak actvty

Aims and objectives: Toworkoutandunderstandthenotionof

tranc

Toanalysethefacetsofreligiousfreedoms

Todevelopimaginationandcreativethink-

n k

Tolearnaboutdifferentcustoms/cultures

Target group: Yn at an at

Th actvty can a b r tnt

a a wth ht catn.

Group size: 5-30

Time: 120 t 240 nt

Materials: Fpchart, fpchart papr an

arkr, pctr rarn var r

vnt, pn, cr, papr, cay, w,

wr, tc.

Preparation: Prpar pctr abt rnt

r vnt

Skills involved: sca k: tnn t

thr, anayn, cncatn; crtcathnkn k: vn n pnn, rfc-

tv thnkn; cratv k: nrtann

an appyn taphr, vp tratn

yb

part III: spcc inratn n th actvty

First part: spra pctr rnt r-

vnt, crn, yb,

tc. n th tab r n th fr. Ch thpctr accrn t yr rp; n any

ca th pctr h hw a r

cnt n th cntry (n any ca

r than y w bv at rt ht).

dpnn n th rp, cnr ncn

pctr rp r r vnt

that ar nt (yt) accpt n th cntry.

each partcpant ch a pctr hwn

thn that /h cannt trat. Hav

th rp athr n a crc. each partcpanthw th pctr /h ch an xpan

why /h cannt trat t.


18/23


Methodological hints:

Fr th actvty ak r that th rp

rpct thr partcpant r

b. Thrr y h nt th aa ttn-t-knw-y actvty. mak r,

t, that th prntatn rnt ct

nt hrt thr n r cr-

nat aant th. intrc th xrc

n tn partcpant that th prntatn

h hhht th wrhp r rt an nt

pha thr wn rt a th ny tr

r n. i pt yr ntrctn

tnt/partcpant ht cr-

nat aant, thy h hav th rht t

tp th prntatn at any pnt n t.

it a partcpant ar n a n

(.. a pc r papr k a trac ht)

t tp a prntatn that nv r -

py ba n nrtann r rrn

nratn. Atr th prntatn ha bn

tpp a cn n th tv bth

ha t w.

Hints for variations:i y wrk n ch, y can c-prat

wth art tachr r th cn part th

actvty. Th prntatn can a b n

wth patcn r thr atra.

part Iv: Follow-u

Atr th actvty ba n xprnc an

cratvty, y c cntn wth n-

tcta npt, .. atra n tr-anc/ntranc.

Related Rights/further areas of exploration:

dcrnatn n thr rn ch a th-

ncty, cr, r nr; r xpr-

n.

(src: Aapt runt Natn.Glo-bal Teaching and Learning Project Cyber-schoolbus.)

in a hrt back n, ak th partc-

pant t rfct n th wh prc: Why

n trb by thn

hwn n a pctr? d partcpantch th a pctr()? i y, why?

Whch pctr nt trb anyn, an

why? Whr ar th cnfct zn btwn

rnt rn?

T p, xpan whch rn ar ac-

cpt n yr cntry.

Second part: in a hrt brantrn n,

th partcpant prnt thr knw

th chn rn. Th rp ar han

t nratn n th r cn-

t. Partcpant c tthr a rp,

ach wh ch n th rn,

that vntay vn th rp wth a na-

tv a hav bn chn.

oran a tctra athrn. Ak ach

rp partcpant t rprnt a r-

nt r r prta rp.Ak th t

trat n a pantn, pant, n,cartn, r a r-pay thn that

w ntrat th ct an b

that rn.gv partcpant 40 nt

r prparatn. Back n th pnary n

ach rp rprnt thr cratv cntr-

btn.

C th cn part wth a hrt back

n: What can partcpant arn r

th prntatn? d rnt prntatnhav anythn n cn? Hw ch

thy n t knw abt thr rn t b

ab t prnt th wtht nrtan-

n? i t ar r partcpant t trat

thr b/rn atr havn arn

thn abt th?


19/23


cookson, catharine (ed.). 2003. Ency-clopedia o religious reedom. Nw Yrk:Rt.

courage to Reuse. 2004.Reservist gets 28days or reusing Gaza duty Lily Galili andCharlotte Halle. Avaab at: www.rv.r./nh/artc.ap?=204.

Delaration on Religious Freedom by the

vatian counil. 1965. Avaab at: www.

vatcan.va/archv/ht_cnc/_vatcan_

cnc/cnt/vat-_c_19651207_

ntat-hana_n.ht.

Delaration on Religious Liberty o the

World counil o churhes. 1948. Avaab

at: www.raw.r/ntrc/c/wcc

crb1948.ht.

Euroean court o Human Rights. 2011.

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Zeugen Jehovas et al. v. Austria (40825/98).Judgment o 31 July 2008.


Church o Scientology Moscow v. Russia(18147/02). Judgement o 5 April 2007.

Eans, Malolm D. and Rahel Murray

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Ahdar, Rex. 2005. Religious Freedom in theLiberal State. oxr: oxr unvrty Pr.

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nw/ptc/4214308.t.

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FiNAl%20FiNAl.p.

ReFeReNCes


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2011.Diamierung von Religionen als neuesMenschenrechtskonzept? Avaab at: www.

hanrht.ch/h//intrnt/Nachrchtn/dvr_grn/catart_8576-

cntnt.ht.

Kamguian, Azam. 2004. Girls Nightmare inMuslim Families: Forced Marriages in Europe.Avaab at: www. atwn.r/

ht/nhtar.ht.

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Kng, Hans and Karl-Jose Kushel (eds.).

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La lait - La Doumentation ranaise:

www.acntatnranca.r/r/

act/nx.ht

Marburg Journal o Religion: www.n-

arbr./b03/vk/jr/

Ontario consultants on Religious Freedoms:

www.rtranc.r

Religions or peae: www.wcrp.r

Religion and Law consortium: A Rarch

Fr r la dvpnt n intrnatn-

a law an Rn r B: www.raw.

r/

Soka Gakkai International: www..r

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al Religious Freedom: www.cr.v

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World conerene against Raism, Raial

Disrimination, Xenohobia and Related

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WCAR/nx.ht

World conerene on Religion and peae(WcRp): www.wcrp.r

World congress or the preseration o Re-

ligious Diersity: www.nntynatn.

c/anaa/_t/_t_wr_cnr.ht

Worldwide Ministries Guidelines or In-

teraith Dialogue: www.pca.r/ntrath/

ty/a.ht

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Anti-Deamation League: www.a.r

Batist Joint committee: www.bjcpa.r

cairo Delaration or the Elimination o

FGM: www.chn.r/ara/c/c/

Car%20caratn.p

counil or a parliament o the Worlds

Religions: www.parantrn.r/

Euroean court o Human Rights:

www.chr.c.nt/chr

Global Ethi Foundation:

www.wtth.r

Human Rights Wath:

www.hrw.r/c/?t=rn

Human Rights without Frontiers Interna-tional: www.hrw.nt

Institute or the Seularisation o Islami

Soiety: www.cara.r

International Assoiation or Religious

Freedom: www.ar.nt/

International Religious Liberty Assoiation:www.ra.r/nx.ht

Jehoahs Witnesses, Medial care and

Blood: www.watchtwr.r/x/ca_car_

an_b.ht

Journal o Religion and Soiety:

http://pr.r/JRs

Manual 2012 Religion

Documents

Transcript of Manual 2012 Religion