Manipulating Images

Image

• A visual representation of something that is seen in real life.

• It can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional

Graphics

• Is the process by which a computer displays images or digital images

• Also used to refer on images

Different Image File Formats

• Vector Graphics

• Raster Graphics

• Meta format images

Vector Graphics

• Is composed of mathematical formulas that represent images. They are not dependent on their original resolution

• Are flexible enough to be scaled in many different ways without affecting their final resolution.

• Best used for illustrations and drawings

• saved as EPS, WMF, AI, CDR or  SVG

Example of a Vector Image

Raster Graphics

• Also known as “bitmapped graphics”

• Are image information rendered as Picture Elements (Pixels)

• Are highly dependent on their original resolution

• Image quality lessens when the image is resampled to a lower resolution.

• Saved as BMP, JPEG, PNG, TIFF or GIF

Part of a Raster Image

Vector vs Raster

Meta Format Images

• File format that accommodates both vector and raster information.

• Example are Clip Art files

File Formats

• JPEG or JPG

• GIF

• PNG

• TIFF

• BMP

JPEG

• Joint Photographic Experts Group

• Lossy Compression

• Compresses grayscale and color information but allows image to be displayed in 16,000,000 colors.

Original file

JPEG Compressed File

JPEG Compressions of varying levels

GIF

• Graphics Interchange Format

• Lossless Compression

• Preferred for images with only few colors like black and white images

• Allows 256 colors

• Supports animations

GIF compresses images in two ways: 1. By reducing the number of colors in rich color images, thus reducing the number of bits per pixel.

2. GIF replaces multiple occurring patterns (large patterns) into one. So instead of storing five kinds of blue, it stores only one blue.

GIF animation

PNG

• Portable Network Graphics

• No animation capability

• Image format specifically designed for the web

• A file format that takes off from the transparency capabilities of GIF

• Developed due to GIF’s licensing agreement

TIFF

• Tagged Image File Format

• Large file size

• Very flexible format, it supports several types of compression like JPEG, LZW, ZIP or no compression at all.

• High quality image format, all color and data information are stored

• TIFF format can now be saved with layers

BMP

• Bitmap

• Does not scale or compress well

• Again, very huge image files making it not web friendly

• No real advantage over other image formats

• Works well with most Windows programs and OS, you can use it as a Windows wallpaper

Guides to Effective Visual Communication

▪ Directness

▪ Efficiency

▪ Contextualization

▪ Organization

▪ Relevancy

▪ Underscoring

▪ Maximizing

Directness

-message should be straightforward and clear

Efficiency

-Strive for efficiency when communicating an idea

-There is a danger that point of information will be lost in a jumble of text effects, pictures and colors

Contextualization

-introduce the reader to the content through visuals

Organization

-Follow the structure which starts with an introduction, then the body and ends with conclusion

Relevancy

- Use contents which are related to each other

Underscoring

- create sub-elements which enhances the emphasis on a particular data

Maximizing

-incorporate graphics and data together with the text for the greatest impact.

What is a report?

A document containing information organized in a narrative, graphic, or tabular form, prepared on periodic, recurring, regular, or as required basis.

May refer to specific periods, events, occurrences, or subjects, and may be communicated or presented in oral or written form.

 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/report.html#ixzz2sV9fqHxP

Creating a Report

• Title Page

• Content Page Adding images

Title Page

• Must be attractive

• Has strong impact on the viewer

• Establishes the theme of the report

Content Page

• Use headers and footers

• Add page background

Hands-on 31. create a report about one of the following:

magic photography

sports global warming

2. Page size 11” x 17” (tabloid portrait)

3. Add graphics, text effects and color

4. Filename: 7T_LASTNAME_H3

Cite your references