Manifest Destiny-Path to Civil War North and South Ideologies.
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Transcript of Manifest Destiny-Path to Civil War North and South Ideologies.
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Manifest Destiny-Path to Civil War
North and South
Ideologies
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Ideology• a systematic body of concepts
especially about human life or culture
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Northern IdeologyFREE LABOR IDEOLOGY
• Hard work is the way to Heaven and the American dream– You are in control of your life
– Heaven and wealth for all-not just the elite
– Everything is up to you
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Free Labor Ideology
SELF MAKING• The way to succeed in life both
financially and religiously
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Free Labor IdeologyMORAL CODE• Self Discipline
• Self Control
• Moralizes Work
• Revolves around will power
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Free Labor Ideology• Belief that anyone can get out of
wage labor and be successful
• Belief that this would create an equal society which was considered to be vital for democracy to succeed
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Free Labor Ideology• Free Labor Ideology depended on
two factors to be present to succeed:–Available cheap land
–No aristocracy-no elite to stop people from self making
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Free Labor Ideology
YOUR FINANCIAL SUCCESS
REFLECTED YOUR MORALITY
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REALITY IN THE NORTHWealth is getting more and more
concentrated• 1820 10% of population owned 50% of
wealth
• 1860 10% of population owned 73% of wealth
People are inheriting wealth and not self making
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REALITY IN THE NORTH• Industrial Revolution is moving
quickly
• Wage labor is becoming permanent
• Each year cities are getting bigger and bigger
• Less land available
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WHAT IS THE SOLUTION???
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MANIFEST DESTINY• The idea the United States must
expand its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean.
• Idea that this was America’s right and duty
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MANIFEST DESTINY• Move West to find new land
where people can self make
• Northerners did not want slavery in new states-saw slavery as
competition to their self making
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Most Northerners are not opposed to slavery for moral reasons, they
are opposed to it ECONOMICALLY.
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SOUTHERN IDEOLOGY
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SOUTHERN IDEOLOGYEconomy• Dominated by cash crops
–Tobacco (VA, NC)–Rice (SC, GA)–Cotton–Sugar (LA)–SOUTH HAS VIRTUALLY A ONE
DIMENSONAL ECONOMY AGRICULTURE
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SOUTHERN IDEOLOGYCOTTON IS KING
• Almost a guaranteed profit
• Invention of the Cotton Gin (1793) makes cotton extremely profitable
• By 1840 50% of all U.S. exports is cotton
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The Cotton Gin
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Cotton is King• Profitability of cotton rejuvenates
slave system –1820 1.4 million slaves
–1860 4 million slaves
–Slaves make up 40% of the South’s entire population by 1860
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SOUTHERN IDEOLOGY
Southern Self Making
1.BUY LAND
2.BUY SLAVES
3.GROW COTTON
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SOUTHERN SOCIETYRich
Lower Rich
Upper Middle
Middle
Lower Middle
Non-Land Owners
Slave Labor
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SOUTHERN IDEOLOGY
• Two different Souths –BLACK BELTS
–WHITE BELTS
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BLACK BELT VS. WHITE BELT
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BLACK BELT• Heaviest cash crop production
• All money tied up in land and slaves–1860: value of all Southern land
2.4 billion
–1860: value of all slaves 3 billion
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BLACK BELT• SLAVES WORTH MORE THAN
THE LAND THEY WORKED
• Most slaveholders only have small number of slaves
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BLACK BELT• Racial fears hold whites together
–They dehumanize African Americans in order to rationalize their enslavement
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BLACK BELT• Fear of slave uprising
–Whites are outnumbered–1831 Turner Rebellion (VA)-55
whites killed–Feeds panic–Makes all whites have interest in
keeping African Americans enslaved
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Positive Good Argument• Became popular in the 1830s,
argued that slaves wanted to be slaves.
• Southerners argued that slavery benefitted the slave because the slave owner provided food and protection.
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Positive Good Argument• Before the 1830s slaveholders
saw slavery as necessary evil, after 1830s they saw slavery as positive for slaves.
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Coercion• the use of force or threats to
make somebody do something against his or her will.
• This was how slaves were kept in bondage.
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BLACK BELT VS. WHITE BELT
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WHITE BELT• Less slave concentration
• Economy not entirely dependent on cash crops
• Whites are not outnumbered
• LESS COMMITTED TO SLAVERY AND WILLING TO CONSIDER GETTING RID OF IT
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BLACK BELT AND WHITE BELT• BLACK BELT EXTREMELY CONCERNED
THAT WHITE BELT WILL NOT SUPPORT SLAVERY IF IT COMES TO A CONFLICT
• Black Belt becomes obsessed with keeping White Belt loyal: #1 political concern– Creates political crisis with North in order
to test where White Belt will go
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BLACK BELT AND WHITE BELT
Black Belt attempts to control White Belt is crucial cause of the
Civil War!