MANIAAmy Selvaggio

MilitarismAlliancesNationalismImperialismAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

NationalismWas a unifying force for people within a country, butCreated a fierce competition between different countries:GermanyAustria-HungaryGreat BritainRussiaItalyFrance

A lot of this competition came from the need for materials and trade markets caused by imperialismFor example: Germany was challenging Great Britain for industrial power.

Industrialization + Nationalism = Imperialism

Were #1

Cherio!

Imperialism + Nationalism = fighting over landFrance lost land to Germany in a war

Russia and Aus.-Hun. Duke it out to dominate BalkansNationalist groups in the Balkans begin to demand freedom

MilitarismThe competition caused by nationalism will eventually lead to a weapons raceGreat power = great militaryBy 1914 all great powers (except Britain) have a large armies (Britain had kick-butt Navy)They also developed plans for mobilization: quick organization and movement of army

Close proximity causes a chain reaction. If one country built up its army, so did the neighbors

AlliancesAs early as 1870s, Europes great powers were forming alliancesAlliances were designed to keep the peace, but actually pushed Europe into war.Lets begin with Germany

Because of the land that France lost to Germany, Otto von Bismarck (leader of Germanys gov.) saw France as a threat.Germanys goal was to isolate France. 1879: Dual alliance w/ Aus.-Hun.1882: Triple alliance : Germany, Aus.-Hun., Italy1887: Treaty w/ Russia

There was a flaw in the alliance system:Though Bismarck wanted to keep the peace in Europe, he and others knew that the alliances were unstable.Many countries tied together because of their loyalty to another country were actually enemies.For example: Russia and A-H were rivals, competing for control of the Balkans.

Bismarck Gets the BootIn 1890, Kaiser (King) Wilhelm II decided that he didnt want to share power, so forces Bismarck to resign.Hes very militaristic1890: allows treaty w/ Russia to expire

Russia decides to ally with France in 1892 and again in 1894Now, if anything happened, Germany would have to fight a two-front war

Germany gets jealous of Great Britain, so begins to build up their colonies and their NavyGB gets nervous & expands their Naval fleet1904: GB forms entente with France1907: GB forms entente with France & Russia- This was known as the triple ententeThis did not mean that GB had to help them in a fight, but that they would not fight against them.

By 1907:Triple Alliance

Germany

Austria Hungary

ItalyTriple Entente

Great Britain

France

Russia

Balkans: The Powder Keg of EuropeBy 1900, the Ottoman Empire was falling apart

Many Balkan regions once under Ottoman control separated and formed new nations:Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Romania(The ethnic and linguistic base of these nations was Slavic)

Russia (which had a major Slavic population) supported Serbian nationalismA-H felt threatenedBoth Russia and A-H hoped to fill the Leadership role that was left open by the collapse of the Ottoman Emp.

1908: A-H annexes Bosnia HerzegovinaBos. Herz. Has a large Slavic populationTheir neighbor, Serbia, is outraged (They also have large Slavic population).

Russia offers to support Bos. Herz. but is not prepared for warGermany backs A-H, Russia & Serbia back downSerbia gains more territory by 1914 and is eager to take Bos. Herz.A-H vows retaliation if Serbs try to take away power

The SparkFranz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throneJune 28, 1914 he and his wife, Sophia visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.

Both Ferdinand and his wife were shot by a Serbian nationalist at point blank range

Gavrilo Princip, 19 yoBelonged to a nationalist group, The Black Handwanted Bosnia to join Serbia.They thought that assassinating the Archduke would start a war which would lead to uniting Serbia.

Austria-Hungary believed that the Serbian govt was behind the assassination.Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany pledges his support to A-H A-H issues an ultimatum to allow AH to enter Serbia to investigate.Serbia rejects the ultimatum.

Europe at WarA-H declares war against Serbia on July 28, 1914.The same day, Russia mobilized troops to the A-H border.GB, Italy, & Germany urge A-H and Russia to negotiate, but its too late.

Because of the Alliance System, Europe would be plunged into the largest war yet.