1

MANGANESE ORE AND MAGNESITE Manganese occurs as silvery grey in colour and is very hard and brittle in nature.

It is always available in combination with iron, laterite and other minerals.

Manganese in alloy form is an essential input in steel making and steel is one of

the most important key indicators in the industrial economy of any country. In

recent years, the trade volume of manganese ore has grown world over and also

in India. Presently India is one of the major importers of manganese ore in the

world. Manganese ores of major commercial importance are: (i) pyrolusite (MnO2,

Mn about 63.2%); (ii) psilomelane (manganese oxide, containing water and

varying amounts of oxides of Ba, K and Na as impurities; (Mn commonly 45-60%);

(iii) manganite (Mn2O3.H2O, Mn about 62.4%); and (iv) braunite (3Mn2O3, MnSiO8,

Mn about 62% and SiO2 about 10%).

The total reserves/resources of manganese ore in the country as on 1.04.2015

have been placed at 495.87 million tonnes as per nation’s database, based on

UNFC system. Out of these, 93.47 million tonnes are categorised as reserves and

the balance 402.40 million tonnes are in the remaining resources category.

Gradewise, Ferromanganese grade accounts for 7%, Medium grade 11%, BF

grade 28% and the remaining 54% are of Mixed, Low, Others, Unclassified, and

Not-known grades including 0.17 million tonnes of battery/chemical grade. The

production of manganese ore was 2,589 thousand tonnes during 2017-18 which

increased by about 8% as compared to that in the previous year.

2

3

4

5

Our manufacturer produces and sells different grades

of Manganese Ore. They are:-

• High Grade Ores for production of Ferro manganese

• Medium grade ore for production of Silico manganese

• Blast furnace grade ore required for production of hot metal and

• Dioxide for dry battery cells and chemical industries.

Our manufacturer has set up a plant based on indigenous technology to

manufacture 1,000 MT per annum capacity of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide

(EMD). This product is used for the manufacture of dry battery cells. EMD

produced by the Company is of good quality and well accepted by the market.

MOIL is having a Ferro manganese plant with a capacity of 12,000 MT per annum

for value addition.

B. PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

1) ELECTROLYTIC MANGANESE DI OXIDE (EMD)

6

2) HIGH CARBON FERRO MANGANESE

SPECIFICATIONS

6) FERRO MANGANESE SLAG

Manganese is used for making high manganese steels and for metallurgical

purposes, used in dry batteries, the glass industry, paints, pigments, dyes and

fertilizers, manganese steels is used where hardness and toughness are desired,

armer plate, projectiles, car wheels, railway switches, safes, crushers, cutting and

grinding machineries machine tools, cot wheels, structural and bridge steel etc.

7

FOREIGN TRADE- Exports

Exports of manganese ore in cr ea s ed substantially to 44,167 tonnes in 2017-18

from 244 tonnes in 2016-17. Out of the total exports in 2017-18, negligible quantity

of manganese ore having +46% Mn of value in `29,000 was exported. Exports of

manganese ore (others) were 19,367 tonnes. More than 98% of exports was to

China and 1% exports to Nether lands. Exports of manganese oxide (total)

increased to 20,771 tonnes in 2017-18 as against 15,659 tonnes in 2016-17.

Manganese Dioxide exports in 2017-18 increased to 2,545 tonnes from 2,389

tonnes in 2016-17. Exports were mainly to Iran (51%), Bangladesh (9%) and

Poland & Kenya (8% each). In 2017-18, exports of manganese and alloys

(including waste & scrap) increased to 304 tonnes as compared to 278 tonnes in

the previous year. Exports of manganese & alloys (wrought/unwrought) in 2017-

18 were at 268 tonnes as compared to 226 tonnes in the previous year.

EXPORTS OF MANGANESE ORE : TOTAL (BY COUNTRIES)

8

EXPORTS OF MANGANESE ORE (OTHERS) (BY COUNTRIES)

EXPORTS OF MANGANESE ORE (46% OR MORE MN) (BY COUNTRIES)

EXPORTS OF MANGANESE OXIDE : TOTAL (BY COUNTRIES)

9

EXPORTS OF MANGANESE DIOXIDE (BY COUNTRIES)

EXPORTS OF MANGANESE OXIDE (OTHER THAN MANGANESE DIOXIDE) (BY

COUNTRIES)

10

11

MAGNESITE ORE

Magnesite (MgCO3) is a carbonate of magnesium. It is usually found as irregular

veins as alteration products of ultramafic rocks and other magnesium-rich rock

types formed by replacement of dolomite and dolomitic limestone, as bedded

deposits and as irregular veins. Magnesite deposits in India, generally occur as

crystalline mass, amorphous and massive.

The total reserves/resources of magnesite as per national database, based on

UNFC system, as on 1.4.2015 is about 394 million tonnes of which Reserves and

Remaining Resources are 82 million. tonnes and 312 million tonnes, respectively.

Substantial quantities of resources are established in Uttarakhand (59%),

followed by Tamil Nadu (25%) and Rajasthan (14%). Resources are also located in

Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka and Kerala.

Occurrences of magnesite in Tamil Nadu are low in lime and high in silica,

whereas those of Uttarakhand are high in lime and low in silica. The Gradewise

and Statewise reserves and resources of magnesite are furnished in Table - 1.

Uttarakhand continued to be the major producing State with maximum

contribution of 59% to the total output during 2018-19 followed by Tamil Nadu and

Karnataka.

12

13

RAW MAGNESITE

Raw Magnesite is the naturally occurring Carbonate of Magnesium (MgCO3),

found in two different physical forms, Crystalline (Spathic) and Cryptocrystalline

(Amorphous, compact). The Magnesite mined by our manufacturer is of

cryptocrystalline nature, which is much purer than the crystalline form and

usually off-white in colour due to silica content.

INGREDIENTS REFRA-CTORY

GRADE NON-REFRA-CTORY

GRADE RM

DUST

Magnesium Oxide (MgO) %

45.25 45.27 43.54

Silica (SiO2) % 04.50 06.50 08.97

Calcium Oxide (CaO) %

00.50 00.60 00.56

Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) %

00.15 00.24 00.64

Alumina (Al2O3) %

00.10 00.15 00.30

Loss on Ignition (LOI ) %

49.50 47.23 45.99

14

LIGHTLY CALCINED MAGNESITE

Lightly Calcined Magnesite is produced by sintering raw magnesite Shaft Kiln at a

controlled temperature 1100 degree centigrade by using furnace oil. The Lightly

Calcined Magnesite is chemically reactive material.

Typical chemical composition of Lighly Calcined Magnesite

INGREDIENTS REGULAR

LUMPS SPL. WHITE

LUMPS

REGULAR POWDER 200

MESH

SPL WHITE POWDER 200

MESH

Magnesium Oxide ( MgO) Min. %

87.00 87.00 87.00 87.00

Calcium Oxide (CaO) Max. %

01.50 01.50 01.50 01.50

Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) Max. %

00.60 00.20 00.60 00.20

Silica (SiO2) Max. % 08.50 08.50 08.50 08.50

Alumina (Al2O3) Max. %

00.40 00.25 00.40 00.25

Loss on Ignition (LOI) %

02.50 02.50 02.50 02.50

15

DEAD BURNT MAGNESITE

Dead Burnt Magnesite is produced in the Rotary Kiln by sintering raw magnesite

at a controlled temperature of 1750 degree centigrade and its chemically inactive.

Dead Burnt Magnesite is consume almost exclusively in the production of

Refractory Field.

Ingredients/ Grade

MgO (Min.) %

CaO (Max.) %

Al2O3 (Max.) %

Fe2O3 (Max.) %

SiO2 (Max.) %

LOI (Max.)

%

B.D. (Min.)

Sp.Gr. (Min.)

Grade I 92.00 1.50 0.50 1.00 4.50 0.50 3.18 3.50

Grade II 91.00 1.50 0.50 1.00 5.50 0.50 3.18 3.49

Grade III 90.00 1.50 0.50 1.00 6.50 0.50 3.18 3.48

Grade IV 89.00 1.50 0.50 1.00 7.50 0.50 3.18 3.48

Grade V 88.00 1.50 0.50 1.00 8.50 0.50 3.16 3.46

Grade VI 87.00 1.50 0.50 1.00 9.50 0.50 3.16 3.46

Grade VI-A 86.00 1.50 0.50 1.25 10.50 0.50 3.16 3.46

Grade VII 85.00 1.75 0.75 1.50 11.50 0.50 3.14 3.44

Grade VIII 84.00 1.75 0.75 1.50 12.50 0.50 3.10 3.42

Grade IX 84.00 1.75 0.75 1.50 13.50 0.50 3.10 3.42

Grade X (P) 73 - 83 1.75 0.75 1.50 14-19 0.50 3.10 3.40

Grade X (F) 73 - 83 1.75 0.75 1.50 14-19 0.50 -- --

Fines (0-1mm)

84.00 -- -- -- 13.50 -- -- --

16

DUNITE

Dunite, the parent rock of Magnesite contains 49% of MgO and 39% of SiO2 and

the Magnesite is derived from the Dunite. It is dark Grey to Olive Green in colour.

The total reserves available will be approximately 3 million tons.

Ingredients: ( Approx. %)

Magnesium Oxide (MgO) : 49.43% (EDTA METHOD)

Silica(SiO2) : 39.20% (GRAVI METRIC METHOD)

Calcium Oxide(CaO) : 01.34% (EDTA METHOD)

Alumina(Al2O3) : 00.41% (EDTA METHOD)

Ferric Oxide(Fe2O3) :

08.32% (EDTA METHOD)

Loss on Ignition(LOI) : 00.94%

17

MAGNESITE

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ALLAINPURA MAGNESITE

1-2.99% 3-3.99% 4-

5.99%

+6%

MgO 45.50 47 45.54 44.52

SiO2 2.74 3.25 4.12 6.14

Al2O3 1.0 1.29 1.12 1.32

CaO 0.98 0.74 1.49 1.14

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF KARYA MAGNESITE:

MgO 46% Min.

SiO2 6% Max.

Al2O3 0.30% Max.

Fe2O3 0.25% Max.

CaO 0.90% Max.

LOI 52% Max.

18

FOREIGN TRADE

EXPORTS

The exports of magnesite decreased substancialy by 34% to 6,273 tonnes in 2018-

19 from 9,576 tonnes in the previous year. Exports were mainly to Sudan (14%),

Malaysia (13%), Singapore (10%), Saudia Arabia & Bangladesh (9% each),

Thailand & Ethopia (6% each). Out of the total exports in 2018- 19, those of fused

magnesia was 31 tonnes, noncalcined magnesite 357 tonnes, other magnesite

2,118 tonnes, magnesium oxide 3,197 tonnes and Dead Burnt Magnesite 508

tonnes. Exports of magnesium and scrap were 996 tonnes in 2018-19 as

compared to 163 tonnes in the previous year. Exports were mainly to USA(50%),

Korea Rp (10%)& Netherlands (9% each).The total export of all countries in the

year 2018-19 for magnesite powder and flakes was 4 tonnes, Magnisium alloys

wrought was 2 tonnes, magnesium Alloys Nes was 156 tonnes, magnesium wire

was negligble and magnesium scrap was 834 tonnes respectively.

19

20