MANGANESE

COAL

PHOSPHATE

Definition: Is gray-white metal with a pinkish

tinge, and a very brittle but hard metallic element.

Origin: It comes from the heat and carbon

in the charcoal separated oxygen from the pyrolusite, leaving a metallic manganese residue.

Source: http://www.mii.org/Minerals/photoman.html

Uses of Manganese: essential to iron and steel production used as an additive in unleaded gasoline reagent in organic chemistry used in the original type of dry cell battery as an electron acceptor from zinc use in fertilizers, bricks and paint, and water purification

Source: http://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/mang/p0005.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese

Source: http://www.google.com/finance?q=NYSE%3ABHP

Definition: Are the naturally occurring form of the

element phosphorus, found in many phosphate minerals. In mineralogy and geology, phosphate refers to a rock or ore containing phosphate ions.

Formation: Formed in oceans in the form of calcium

phosphate, called phosphorite. The element phosphorus is dissolved from rocks. Some of this phosphorus goes into the soil where plants absorb it; some is carried by streams to the oceans. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate

http://www.mii.org/Minerals/photophos.html

Uses of Phosphate: to recover elemental phosphorusused to make chemicals for use in industryproduction of phosphate fertilizers for agricultureto make calcium phosphate nutritional supplements for animals.

Source: http://www.mii.org/Minerals/photophos.html

Removing the top layer of soil

Putting up the matrix in the pit

Scooping up the phosphate matrix

Removing of Clay

Beneficiation process

Flotation feed

Delivery of rock to chemical

processing plant

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining

Scooping up the phosphate matrix

Phosphate Rock Price ChartCommodity price chart (units): U.S. dollars per metric ton

Source: http://www.mongabay.com/images/commodities/charts/chart-phosphate.html

Definition: Is a sedimentary rock composed

predominantly of solid organic materials with a greater or lesser proportion of mineral matter.

Origin: It is derived from the accumulation of

plant remains in sedimentary basins, and is altered to solid rock by heat and pressure applied during the basin’s development.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining

Goal Of Coal Mining: To economically remove

coal from the ground

Uses of Coal: To generate electricity as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore for cement production

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining

Factors to consider in coal extraction:

depth and quality of the seamsthe geology and environmental factors

2 basic methods of mining : Surface miningDeep underground mining

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining

Surface Mining Process:

Explosives (to break through the

surface)

Removing the Coal(using draglines or by

shovel and truck)

Drilling, fractured & mined in strips

Loading of Coal (in trucks or conveyors)

Delivery(into Coal Preparation

Plant)Trucks loaded with coal

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining

Deep Underground Mining Process:

stripping of the mountain side to expose a coal seam

Removing of coal from an underground coal mine

Explosives are placed in the holes and ignited in

order to break up the coal.

cleaning up loose coal and applies rock dust to the coal wall

to limit coal dust explosion hazards

After the coal mine has advanced to the mine limit - pillars, or blocks of coal that

support the top, are extracted as the mining process retreats.

Coal wash plant in Clay County, Kentucky.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining

WeekEnded

Central Appalachia12,500 Btu,

1.2 SO2

Northern Appalachia13,000 Btu,

<3.0 SO2

Illinois Basin11,800 Btu,

5.0 SO2

Powder River Basin 8,800 Btu,

0.8 SO2

Uinta Basin11,700 Btu,

0.8 SO2

7-May-10 $61.15 $59.75 $41.40 $12.35 $40.00

14-May-10 $64.60 $60.75 $41.40 $12.00 $40.00

21-May-10 $64.60 $60.75 $41.40 $11.65 $40.00

28-May-10 $64.60 $60.75 $41.40 $11.50 $40.00

4-Jun-10 $64.60 $60.75 $41.40 $11.65 $40.00

11-Jun-10 $64.60 $60.75 $41.40 $11.90 $40.00

18-Jun-10 $64.60 $59.25 $41.40 $12.00 $40.00

25-Jun-10 $64.60 $59.25 $41.40 $12.65 $40.00

Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/coal/page/coalnews/coalmar.html

eia.doe.gofirstgov